Wadsworth Atheneum, Hartford, Conn., Black, White and Grey, January 9–February 9, 1964. 

Leo Castelli Gallery, New York, White Paintings 1951, October 12–26, 1968. 

Ace Gallery, Venice, Calif., Rauschenberg White Paintings (1951), April 10–30, 1973. Traveled to Ace Gallery, Vancouver, June 1–16, 1973. 

Sidney Janis Gallery, New York, Less Is More, April 7–May 7, 1977. no. 12

Larry Gagosian Gallery, New York, Rauschenberg: The White and Black Paintings 1949–1952, April 18–May 31, 1986. 

Musée Saint Pierre Art Contemporain, Lyon, La couleur seule: L’expérience du monochrome, October 7–December 5, 1988. no. 24

Corcoran Gallery of Art, Washington, D.C., Robert Rauschenberg: The Early 1950s, June 15–August 11, 1991. Organized by Menil Collection, Houston. Traveled to Menil Collection, Houston, September 27, 1991–January 5, 1992; Museum of Contemporary Art Chicago, February 8–April 19, 1992; San Francisco Museum of Modern Art, May 14–August 16, 1992; Guggenheim Museum SoHo, New York, October 24, 1992–January 24, 1993. 

Leo Castelli Gallery, New York, Blind Color: Sophie Calle, Alan Charlton, Yves Klein, Piero Manzoni, Robert Rauschenberg, Ad Reinhardt, Gerhard Richter, February 13–March 13, 1993. 

45th Venice Biennale, Punti cardinale dell’arte (Cardinal Points of Art), June 13–October 10, 1993. (not in cat.)

Hiroshima City Museum of Contemporary Art, The 2nd Hiroshima Art Prize: Robert Rauschenberg, November 3, 1993–January 16, 1994. no. 3

Solomon R. Guggenheim Museum, New York, Robert Rauschenberg: A Retrospective, September 19, 1997–January 7, 1998 (also Guggenheim Museum SoHo, New York, September 19, 1997–January 4, 1998, and Ace Gallery, New York, September 19–November 9, 1997). Traveled to Menil Collection, Contemporary Arts Museum Houston, and Museum of Fine Arts, Houston, February 13–May 17, 1998; Museum Ludwig, Cologne (as Robert Rauschenberg: Retrospektive), June 27–October 11, 1998; Museo Guggenheim Bilbao (as Robert Rauschenberg: Retrospectiva), November 21, 1998–March 7, 1999. no. 16

Palazzo dei Diamanti, Ferrara, Italy, Rauschenberg, February 29–June 6, 2004. no. 1

Philadelphia Museum of Art, Dancing Around the Bride: Cage, Cunningham, Johns, Rauschenberg, and Duchamp, October 30, 2012–January 21, 2013. Traveled to Barbican Art Gallery, London (as The Bride and the Bachelors: Duchamp with Cage, Cunningham, Rauschenberg and Johns), February 14–June 9, 2013. 

Met Breuer, New York, Unfinished: Thoughts Left Visible, March 18–September 4, 2016. 

Judd, Donald. “Black, White and Gray.” Arts Magazine (New York) 38, no. 6 (March 1964). p. 37

Glueck, Grace. “Ben Shahn Shines On.” New York Times, October 13, 1968. sec. D, p. 39

Pincus-Witten, Robert. “New York: Robert Rauschenberg, Castelli Gallery.” Artforum 7, no. 4 (December 1968). pp. 54 (ill. [install]), 55

Less Is More: An Exhibition of Minimal Painting. New York: Sidney Janis Gallery, 1977. Exhibition catalogue. no. 12, n.p.

Olson, Roberta J. M. “A Retrospective: Castelli on Rauschenberg.” SoHo Weekly News (New York), March 24, 1977. p. 26

Roth, Moira. “The Aesthetic of Indifference.” Artforum 16, no. 3 (November 1977). p. 46 (ill.)

Masheck, Joseph. “Hard-Core Painting.” Artforum 16, no. 8 (April 1978). pp. 46 (ill.), 47, 51

Rauschenberg: The White and Black Paintings 1949–1952. New York: Larry Gagosian Gallery, 1986. Exhibition catalogue. n.p.

Feinstein, Roni. “The Early Work of Robert Rauschenberg: The White Paintings, the Black Paintings, and the Elemental Sculptures.” Arts Magazine (New York) 61, no. 1 (September 1986). p. 28

La couleur seule: L’expérience du monochrome. Lyon: Octobre des Arts, 1988. Exhibition catalogue. no. 24, p. 130 (ill.)

Feinstein, Roni. “Random Order: The First Fifteen Years of Robert Rauschenberg’s Art, 1949–1964.” PhD diss., New York University, 1990. ProQuest (303859753). pp. 87, 213, n.p. (fig. 20)

Hopps, Walter. Robert Rauschenberg: The Early 1950s. Houston: Menil Collection; Houston Fine Art Press, 1991. Exhibition catalogue. pp. 80, 84 (pl. 34)

Robert Rauschenberg: The 2nd Hiroshima Art Prize. Hiroshima: Hiroshima City Museum of Contemporary Art, 1993. Exhibition catalogue. no. 3, p. 52 (pl. 3)

Robert Rauschenberg. Tokyo: Kodansha, 1993. n.p. (pl. 4), p. 94

Hopps, Walter, and Susan Davidson. Robert Rauschenberg: A Retrospective. New York: Solomon R. Guggenheim Foundation, 1997. Exhibition catalogue. no. 16, p. 58 (pl. 16)

Jäger, Joachim. Das zivilisierte Bild: Robert Rauschenberg und seine Combine-Paintings der Jahre 1960–1962. Klagenfurt, Austria: Ritter, 1999. p. 192 (no. 64)

Steinberg, Leo. Encounters with Rauschenberg (A Lavishly Illustrated Lecture). Houston: Menil Collection; Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2000. p. 8 (fig. 6)

Joseph, Branden W. “White on White.” Critical Inquiry 27, no. 1 (Autumn 2000). p. 95 (fig. 3)

Meyer, James. “Introduction to the ‘Minimal’ 1: ‘Black, White, and Gray.’” In Minimalism: Art and Polemics in the Sixties, by James Meyer, pp. 76–81. New Haven, Conn.: Yale University Press, 2001. p. 76 (ill. [install])

Joseph, Branden W. Random Order: Robert Rauschenberg and the Neo-Avant-Garde. Cambridge, Mass.: MIT Press, 2003. p. 28 (ill.)

Davidson, Susan, and David White. Rauschenberg. Ferrara, Italy: Ferrara Arte, 2004. Exhibition catalogue. no. 1, p. 105 (ill.)

Davidson, Susan, and David White, eds. Robert Rauschenberg: Photographs 1949–1962. New York: D.A.P./Distributed Art Publishers, 2011. pp. 24, 87 (pl. 25)

Basualdo, Carlos, and Erica F. Battle, eds. Dancing Around the Bride: Cage, Cunningham, Johns, Rauschenberg, and Duchamp. Philadelphia: Philadelphia Museum of Art, 2012. Exhibition catalogue. pp. 21, 382 (ill.)

Roberts, Sarah. “White Painting [three panel].” Rauschenberg Research Project, San Francisco Museum of Modern Art, July 2013. 

Molesworth, Helen, with Ruth Erickson. Leap Before You Look: Black Mountain College, 1933–1957. Boston: Institute of Contemporary Art; New Haven, Conn.: Yale University Press, 2015. Exhibition catalogue. pp. 299, 303 (ill.), 304 (not exhibited)

Baum, Kelly, Andrea Bayer, and Sheena Wagstaff. Unfinished: Thoughts Left Visible. New York: Metropolitan Museum of Art, 2016. Exhibition catalogue. pp. 226 (pl. 169), 312

Dickerman, Leah, and Achim Borchardt-Hume. Robert Rauschenberg. New York: Museum of Modern Art; London: Tate Publishing, 2016. Exhibition catalogue. p. 50 (pl. 13) (not exhibited)

Kotz, Mary Lynn. Rauschenberg: Art and Life. 3rd ed. New York: Harry N. Abrams, 2018. pp. 75 (ill.), 76

Stemmrich, Gregor. Robert Rauschenberg’s “Erased de Kooning Drawing” (1953): Modernism, Literalism, Postmodernism. Translated by Steven Lindberg. Berlin: Hatje Cantz, 2023. pp. 80–82, 91 (fig. 7), 118