Minneapolis Institute of Arts, Robert Rauschenberg: Prints 1948/1970, August 6–September 27, 1970. no. 3

Institute of Contemporary Art, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Robert Rauschenberg: Graphic Art, April 1–May 10, 1970. Traveled to Art Gallery, State University of New York at Albany, July 1–August 13, 1970; Marion Koogler McNay Art Institute, San Antonio, August 30–October 4, 1970; Museum of Contemporary Art Chicago (as Robert Rauschenberg: Graphics and Sculpture), October 31–December 13, 1970. no. 3 (shown in Philadelphia and Chicago only)

National Collection of Fine Arts, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, D.C., Robert Rauschenberg, October 30, 1976–January 2, 1977. Traveled to Museum of Modern Art, New York, March 25–May 17, 1977; San Francisco Museum of Modern Art, June 24–August 21, 1977; Albright-Knox Art Gallery, Buffalo, N.Y., September 25–October 30, 1977; Art Institute of Chicago, December 3, 1977–January 15, 1978. no. 4

Kunsthalle Tübingen, Germany, Robert Rauschenberg: Das zeichnerische Werk, 1949–1979, May 5–July 29, 1979. Traveled to Kunstmuseum Hannover mit Sammlung Sprengel, Germany, August 19–September 23, 1979. (not in cat.)

Staatliche Kunsthalle Berlin, Robert Rauschenberg: Werke 1950–1980, March 25–May 4, 1980. Traveled to Städtische Kunsthalle Düsseldorf and Kunstverein für die Rheinlande und Westfalen, Düsseldorf (as Robert Rauschenberg), June 7–July 13, 1980; Louisiana Museum of Modern Art, Humlebæk, Denmark (as Robert Rauschenberg), September 20–November 23, 1980; Städelsches Kunstinstitut und Städtische Galerie, Frankfurt, December 4, 1980–January 18, 1981; Städtische Galerie im Lenbachhaus, Munich, February 4–April 5, 1981; Tate Gallery, London (as Robert Rauschenberg), April 29–June 14, 1981. no. 73

Temporary Contemporary, Museum of Contemporary Art, Los Angeles, Automobile and Culture, July 21, 1984–January 6, 1985. Traveled to Detroit Institute of Arts (as Automobile and Culture: Detroit Style), June 12–September 8, 1985. 

Larry Gagosian Gallery, New York, Rauschenberg: The White and Black Paintings 1949–1952, April 18–May 31, 1986. 

National Gallery of Art, Washington, D.C., Seven American Masters, July 4–November 15, 1986. 

Corcoran Gallery of Art, Washington, D.C., Robert Rauschenberg: The Early 1950s, June 15–August 11, 1991. Organized by Menil Collection, Houston. Traveled to Menil Collection, Houston, September 27, 1991–January 5, 1992; Museum of Contemporary Art Chicago, February 8–April 19, 1992; San Francisco Museum of Modern Art, May 14–August 16, 1992; Guggenheim Museum SoHo, New York, October 24, 1992–January 24, 1993. 

Museum of Contemporary Art, Los Angeles, Rolywholyover: A Circus, September 12–November 28, 1993. Traveled to Menil Collection, Houston, January 14–April 2, 1994; Guggenheim Museum SoHo, New York, April 23–July 31, 1994; Art Tower Mito, Japan, November 3, 1994–February 26, 1995; Philadelphia Museum of Art, June 4–July 30, 1995. (not in cat.; not shown in Mito or Philadelphia)

Walker Art Center, Minneapolis, Duchamp’s Leg, November 5, 1994–March 26, 1995. Traveled to Center for the Fine Arts, Miami, December 2, 1995–March 3, 1996. (shown in Minneapolis only)

Solomon R. Guggenheim Museum, New York, Robert Rauschenberg: A Retrospective, September 19, 1997–January 7, 1998 (also Guggenheim Museum SoHo, New York, September 19, 1997–January 4, 1998, and Ace Gallery, New York, September 19–November 9, 1997). Traveled to Menil Collection, Contemporary Arts Museum Houston, and Museum of Fine Arts, Houston, February 13–May 17, 1998; Museum Ludwig, Cologne (as Robert Rauschenberg: Retrospektive), June 27–October 11, 1998; Museo Guggenheim Bilbao (as Robert Rauschenberg: Retrospectiva), November 21, 1998–March 7, 1999. no. 62 (shown in New York only)

Museum of Contemporary Art, Los Angeles, Out of Actions: Between Performance and the Object, 1949–1979, February 8–May 10, 1998. Traveled to MAK–Österreichisches Museum für Angewandte Kunst, Vienna (as Out of Actions: Aktionismus, Body Art and Performance, 1949–1979), June 17–September 6, 1998; Museu d’Art Contemporani de Barcelona (as Art i acció: Entre la performance i l’objecte, 1949–1979), October 16, 1998–January 6, 1999; Museum of Contemporary Art, Tokyo, February 11–April 11, 1999. 

Castello di Rivoli Museo d’Arte Contemporanea, Turin, Italy, Quotidiana: Immagini della vita di ogni giorno nell’arte del XX secolo (Quotidiana: The Continuity of the Everyday in 20th Century Art), February 5–May 21, 2000. 

San Francisco Museum of Modern Art, Points of Departure II: Connecting with Contemporary Art, November 17, 2001–June 9, 2002. 

San Francisco Museum of Modern Art, Treasures of Modern Art: The Legacy of Phyllis Wattis at SFMOMA, January 30–June 24, 2003. 

Tate Liverpool, Art, Lies and Videotape: Exposing Performance, November 14, 2003–January 25, 2004. 

National Museum of Modern Art, Kyoto, Traces: Body and Idea in Contemporary Art, November 9–December 19, 2004. Traveled to National Museum of Modern Art, Tokyo, January 12–February 27, 2005. 

Solomon R. Guggenheim Museum, New York, The Third Mind: American Artists Contemplate Asia, 1860–1989, January 30–April 19, 2009. 

Museu d’Art Contemporani de Barcelona, L’anarquia del silenci: John Cage i l’art experimental (La anarquía del silencio: John Cage y el arte experimental/The Anarchy of Silence: John Cage and Experimental Art), October 23, 2009–January 10, 2010. 

Museum of Modern Art, New York, On Line: Drawing Through the Twentieth Century, November 21, 2010–February 7, 2011. 

Philadelphia Museum of Art, Dancing Around the Bride: Cage, Cunningham, Johns, Rauschenberg, and Duchamp, October 30, 2012–January 21, 2013. Traveled to Barbican Art Gallery, London (as The Bride and the Bachelors: Duchamp with Cage, Cunningham, Rauschenberg and Johns), February 14–June 9, 2013. 

Tate Modern, London, Robert Rauschenberg, December 1, 2016–April 2, 2017. Organized with Museum of Modern Art, New York. Traveled to Museum of Modern Art, New York (as Robert Rauschenberg: Among Friends), May 21–September 17, 2017; San Francisco Museum of Modern Art (as Robert Rauschenberg: Erasing the Rules), November 18, 2017–March 25, 2018. 

Cage, John. “On Robert Rauschenberg, Artist, and His Work.” In Silence: Lectures and Writings by John Cage, pp. 98–108. Middletown, Conn.: Wesleyan University Press, 1961. p. 98

Cage, John. “On Robert Rauschenberg, Artist, and His Work.” Metro (Milan), no. 2 (1961). p. 37

Seckler, Dorothy Gees. “The Artist Speaks: Robert Rauschenberg.” Art in America 54, no. 3 (May–June 1966). p. 81

Rauschenberg: Graphic Art. Philadelphia: Institute of Contemporary Art, University of Pennsylvania, 1970. Exhibition catalogue. no. 3, pp. 5, 11 (ill.)

Robert Rauschenberg: Prints 1948/1970. Minneapolis: Minneapolis Institute of Arts, 1970. Exhibition catalogue. no. 3, n.p. (ill.)

Wells, Daniel M. “A Link Between Art and Life.” Chicago Tribune, November 8, 1970. sec. 5, p. 13

Robert Rauschenberg. Washington, D.C.: National Collection of Fine Arts, Smithsonian Institution, 1976. Exhibition catalogue. no. 4, pp. 31, 65 (ill.)

Stuckey, Charles F. “Reading Rauschenberg.” Art in America 65, no. 2 (March–April 1977). p. 79

Robert Rauschenberg: Werke 1950–1980. Berlin: Staatliche Kunsthalle Berlin, 1980. Exhibition catalogue. no. 73, pp. 58, 59 (ill.)

Tomkins, Calvin. Off the Wall: Robert Rauschenberg and the Art World of Our Time. Garden City, N.Y.: Doubleday, 1980. pp. 65–66

“Robert Rauschenberg.” Special issue, Louisiana Revy (Humlebæk, Denmark) 21, no. 1 (September 1980). no. 48, pp. 45 (ill. [detail]), 46

Robert Rauschenberg. London: Tate Gallery, 1981. Exhibition brochure. no. 3, n.p.

Silk, Gerald. Automobile and Culture. New York: Harry N. Abrams; Los Angeles: Museum of Contemporary Art, 1984. Exhibition catalogue. p. 130, 130 (ill.)

Rauschenberg: The White and Black Paintings 1949–1952. New York: Larry Gagosian Gallery, 1986. Exhibition catalogue. n.p.

Feinstein, Roni. “The Early Work of Robert Rauschenberg: The White Paintings, the Black Paintings, and the Elemental Sculptures.” Arts Magazine (New York) 61, no. 1 (September 1986). pp. 30–31

Feinstein, Roni. “Random Order: The First Fifteen Years of Robert Rauschenberg’s Art, 1949–1964.” PhD diss., New York University, 1990. ProQuest (303859753). pp. 45–46, 76–77, 97, 281, 331, 488, n.p. (fig. 15)

Hopps, Walter. Robert Rauschenberg: The Early 1950s. Houston: Menil Collection; Houston Fine Art Press, 1991. Exhibition catalogue. pp. 23, 160–61, 198–99 (pl. 125 [detail]), 200 (pl. 126), 227

Wood, Carol. “Robert Rauschenberg.” Arts Magazine (New York) 66, no. 3 (November 1991). p. 84

Smith, Mark L. “Image and Word in the Prints of Robert Rauschenberg, 1951–1981.” PhD diss., University of Texas at Austin, 1992. ProQuest (304034847). pp. 50, 183, 433 (fig. 80)

Bonetti, David. “Rauschenberg: ’50s Fervor at SFMOMA.” San Francisco Examiner, May 14, 1992. sec. B, p. 6

Tarshis, Jerome. “Creativity Knew No Limits.” Christian Science Monitor, September 14, 1992. p. 16

Robert Rauschenberg: The 2nd Hiroshima Art Prize. Hiroshima: Hiroshima City Museum of Contemporary Art, 1993. Exhibition catalogue. pp. 24 (fig. 1 [detail]), 25, 31 (not exhibited)

Robert Rauschenberg. Tokyo: Kodansha, 1993. n.p. (pl. 2), p. 93

Wainwright, Lisa. “Reading Junk: Thematic Imagery in the Art of Robert Rauschenberg from 1952 to 1964.” PhD diss., University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, 1993. ProQuest (304050074). p. 18

Retallack, Joan, ed. Musicage: Cage Muses on Words, Art, Music. [Middletown, Conn.]: Wesleyan University Press; Hanover, N.H.: University Press of New England, 1996. pp. 121–22, 123 (ill.)

Hopps, Walter, and Susan Davidson. Robert Rauschenberg: A Retrospective. New York: Solomon R. Guggenheim Foundation, 1997. Exhibition catalogue. no. 62, pp. 44, 90–91 (pl. 62 [detail]), 208, 227, 229, 378–79, 378–79 (fig. 108)

Bois, Yve-Alain. “Early Lead.” Artforum 36, no. 1 (September 1997). p. 97

Kimmelman, Michael. “Clowning Inventively with Stuff of Beauty.” New York Times, September 19, 1997. sec. E, p. 36

Budick, Ariella. “All the City’s His Museum.” Newsday (Long Island, N.Y.), September 28, 1997. sec. D, p. 25

Stevens, Mark. “More Is More.” New York 30, no. 37 (September 29, 1997). p. 56

Schimmel, Paul. Out of Actions: Between Performance and the Object, 1949–1979. Los Angeles: Museum of Contemporary Art; New York: Thames and Hudson, 1998. Exhibition catalogue. pp. 44, 44 (ill.), 46, 387

Doran, Anne, and Walter Hopps. “Robert Rauschenberg: Here Comes Everybody.” Atlántica: Revista de las artes (Las Palmas, Spain), no. 21 (1998). pp. 155–56, 156 (ill.)

Wainwright, Lisa. “Rauschenberg’s American Voodoo.” New Art Examiner 25, no. 8 (May 1998). p. 30

Baker, Kenneth. “Rauschenberg’s Reality.” San Francisco Chronicle, August 20, 1998. sec. E, p. 4

Hunter, Sam. Robert Rauschenberg. New York: Rizzoli, 1999. pp. 14–15 (no. 6), 69–70, 113, 115

Jäger, Joachim. Das zivilisierte Bild: Robert Rauschenberg und seine Combine-Paintings der Jahre 1960–1962. Klagenfurt, Austria: Ritter, 1999. pp. 80, 189 (no. 63), 189–90

Phillips, Lisa. The American Century: Art and Culture, 1950–2000. New York: Whitney Museum of American Art; W. W. Norton, 1999. Exhibition catalogue. p. 86, 86 (fig. 123 [detail]) (not exhibited)

Bonetti, David. “Rauschenberg Coup Cements SFMOMA’s Ascendance.” San Francisco Examiner, May 21, 1999. sec. C, p. 4

Quotidiana: Immagini della vita di ogni giorno nell’arte del XX secolo/The Continuity of the Everyday in 20th Century Art. Milan: Charta, 2000. Exhibition catalogue. pp. 202, 202–3 (ill.)

Joseph, Branden W., ed. Robert Rauschenberg. Cambridge, Mass.: MIT Press, 2002. pp. 53, 54 (ill.), 95, 127

Mattison, Robert S. Robert Rauschenberg: Breaking Boundaries. New Haven, Conn.: Yale University Press, 2003. pp. 26, 46, 56 (fig. 19 [detail]), 56–57, 75

Joseph, Branden W. Random Order: Robert Rauschenberg and the Neo-Avant-Garde. Cambridge, Mass.: MIT Press, 2003. pp. 89, 90 (ill. [detail]), 91

George, Adrian, ed. Art, Lies and Videotape: Exposing Performance. London: Tate Publishing, 2003. Exhibition catalogue. pp. 22 (fig. 12 [detail]), 95

Osaki, Shinichiro, ed. Traces: Body and Idea in Contemporary Art. Kyoto: National Museum of Modern Art, 2004. Exhibition catalogue. cover (ill. [detail]), pp. 20, 213, 214–15 (no. 6-01), 321

Davidson, Susan, and David White. Rauschenberg. Ferrara, Italy: Ferrara Arte, 2004. Exhibition catalogue. pp. 30, 45 (not exhibited)

Tomkins, Calvin. Off the Wall: A Portrait of Robert Rauschenberg. New York: Picador, 2005. p. 59

Hunter, Sam. Robert Rauschenberg: Works, Writings and Interviews. Barcelona: Polígrafa, 2006. pp. 20–21 (ill.), 62, 96, 156

Pissarro, Joachim. Cézanne/Pissarro, Johns/Rauschenberg: Comparative Studies on Intersubjectivity in Modern Art. New York: Cambridge University Press, 2006. pp. 180, 181 (fig. 33 [detail])

Robinson, Julia. The Anarchy of Silence: John Cage and Experimental Art. Barcelona: Museu d’Art Contemporani de Barcelona, 2009. Exhibition catalogue. pp. 186–87 (ill.), 293

Bishop, Janet, Corey Keller, and Sarah Roberts, eds. San Francisco Museum of Modern Art: 75 Years of Looking Forward. San Francisco: San Francisco Museum of Modern Art, 2009. Exhibition catalogue. pp. 147, 148 (pl. 111 [detail]) (not exhibited)

Lanchner, Carolyn. Robert Rauschenberg. New York: Museum of Modern Art, 2009. pp. 38 (fig. 16 [detail]), 39

Munroe, Alexandra, ed. The Third Mind: American Artists Contemplate Asia, 1860–1989. New York: Solomon R. Guggenheim Foundation, 2009. Exhibition catalogue. pp. 205, 220–21 (pl. 80)

Butler, Connie, and Catherine de Zegher. On Line: Drawing Through the Twentieth Century. New York: Museum of Modern Art, 2010. Exhibition catalogue. pp. 62–63 (pl. 59), 63, 223

Davidson, Susan, and David White, eds. Robert Rauschenberg: Photographs 1949–1962. New York: D.A.P./Distributed Art Publishers, 2011. pp. 23, 24–25 (fig. 16), 32

Basualdo, Carlos, and Erica F. Battle, eds. Dancing Around the Bride: Cage, Cunningham, Johns, Rauschenberg, and Duchamp. Philadelphia: Philadelphia Museum of Art, 2012. Exhibition catalogue. pp. 207, 388–89 (ill.)

Craft, Catherine. Robert Rauschenberg. London: Phaidon, 2013. pp. 27, 34–35 (no. 27), 75

Roberts, Sarah. “Automobile Tire Print.” Rauschenberg Research Project, San Francisco Museum of Modern Art, July 2013. (figs. 1, 3, 4 [detail])

Roberts, Sarah. “Erased de Kooning Drawing.” Rauschenberg Research Project, San Francisco Museum of Modern Art, July 2013. 

Saletnik, Jeffrey. “Trophy IV (for John Cage).” Rauschenberg Research Project, San Francisco Museum of Modern Art, July 2013. 

Crow, Thomas. The Long March of Pop: Art, Music, and Design, 1930–1995. New Haven, Conn.: Yale University Press, 2014. p. 44, 44 (fig. 30)

Cotkin, George. “Erasure and Addition: Robert Rauschenberg 1953.” In Feast of Excess: A Cultural History of the New Sensibility, by George Cotkin, pp. 37–47. New York: Oxford University Press, 2015. p. 39

Dickerman, Leah, and Achim Borchardt-Hume. Robert Rauschenberg. New York: Museum of Modern Art; London: Tate Publishing, 2016. Exhibition catalogue. pp. 19, 93–94, 100–101 (pl. 58 [detail]), 217, 239, 269, 287–88, 362, 367, 397

Hopps, Walter. “Robert Rauschenberg.” In The Dream Colony: A Life in Art, by Walter Hopps pp. 237–55. New York: Bloomsbury, 2017. p. 245

Kotz, Mary Lynn. Rauschenberg: Art and Life. 3rd ed. New York: Harry N. Abrams, 2018. pp. 33, 72–74, 72–73 (ill.), 207, 298–99

Becker, Anne-Grit. Cy Twombly und Robert Rauschenberg: Bilder im Prozess. Munich: Metzel, 2020. pp. 185–89, 186–87 (fig. 74 [detail]), 188 (fig. 75 [install]), 189 (fig. 76 [detail]), 258

Stemmrich, Gregor. Robert Rauschenberg’s “Erased de Kooning Drawing” (1953): Modernism, Literalism, Postmodernism. Translated by Steven Lindberg. Berlin: Hatje Cantz, 2023. pp. 99 (fig. 19 [detail]), 152–53, 513–14, 725

Dziewior, Yilmaz, and Achim Hochdörfer, with Arthur Fink, eds. Five Friends: John Cage, Merce Cunningham, Jasper Johns, Robert Rauschenberg, Cy Twombly. Munich: Museum Brandhorst; Cologne: Museum Ludwig, 2025. Exhibition catalogue. pp. 35, 213, 214 (fig. 13 [detail]) (not exhibited)