Jewish Museum, New York, Robert Rauschenberg, March 31–May 12, 1963. no. 3

Fort Worth Art Center Museum, Texas, Robert Rauschenberg: Selections, January 5–February 2, 1969. no. 4

National Collection of Fine Arts, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, D.C., Robert Rauschenberg, October 30, 1976–January 2, 1977. Traveled to Museum of Modern Art, New York, March 25–May 17, 1977; San Francisco Museum of Modern Art, June 24–August 21, 1977; Albright-Knox Art Gallery, Buffalo, N.Y., September 25–October 30, 1977; Art Institute of Chicago, December 3, 1977–January 15, 1978. no. 18

Corcoran Gallery of Art, Washington, D.C., Robert Rauschenberg: The Early 1950s, June 15–August 11, 1991. Organized by Menil Collection, Houston. Traveled to Menil Collection, Houston, September 27, 1991–January 5, 1992; Museum of Contemporary Art Chicago, February 8–April 19, 1992; San Francisco Museum of Modern Art, May 14–August 16, 1992; Guggenheim Museum SoHo, New York, October 24, 1992–January 24, 1993. 

Centre National d’Art et de Culture Georges Pompidou, Paris, L’informe: Mode d’emploi, May 22–August 26, 1996. 

Solomon R. Guggenheim Museum, New York, Robert Rauschenberg: A Retrospective, September 19, 1997–January 7, 1998 (also Guggenheim Museum SoHo, New York, September 19, 1997–January 4, 1998, and Ace Gallery, New York, September 19–November 9, 1997). Traveled to Menil Collection, Contemporary Arts Museum Houston, and Museum of Fine Arts, Houston, February 13–May 17, 1998; Museum Ludwig, Cologne (as Robert Rauschenberg: Retrospektive), June 27–October 11, 1998; Museo Guggenheim Bilbao (as Robert Rauschenberg: Retrospectiva), November 21, 1998–March 7, 1999. no. 55

Museu d’Art Contemporani de Barcelona, L’anarquia del silenci: John Cage i l’art experimental (La anarquía del silencio: John Cage y el arte experimental/The Anarchy of Silence: John Cage and Experimental Art), October 23, 2009–January 10, 2010. 

Philadelphia Museum of Art, Dancing Around the Bride: Cage, Cunningham, Johns, Rauschenberg, and Duchamp, October 30, 2012–January 21, 2013. Traveled to Barbican Art Gallery, London (as The Bride and the Bachelors: Duchamp with Cage, Cunningham, Rauschenberg and Johns), February 14–June 9, 2013. (shown in Philadelphia only)

Tate Modern, London, Robert Rauschenberg, December 1, 2016–April 2, 2017. Organized with Museum of Modern Art, New York. Traveled to Museum of Modern Art, New York (as Robert Rauschenberg: Among Friends), May 21–September 17, 2017; San Francisco Museum of Modern Art (as Robert Rauschenberg: Erasing the Rules), November 18, 2017–March 25, 2018. 

Museum Brandhorst, Munich, Fünf Freunde: John Cage, Merce Cunningham, Jasper Johns, Robert Rauschenberg, Cy Twombly (Five Friends: John Cage, Merce Cunningham, Jasper Johns, Robert Rauschenberg, Cy Twombly), April 10–August 17, 2025. Traveled to Museum Ludwig, Cologne, October 3, 2025–January 11, 2026. 

Cage, John. “On Robert Rauschenberg, Artist, and His Work.” In Silence: Lectures and Writings by John Cage, pp. 98–108. Middletown, Conn.: Wesleyan University Press, 1961. pp. 99–100

Solomon, Alan R. Robert Rauschenberg. New York: Jewish Museum, 1963. Exhibition catalogue. no. 3, n.p., as Dirt Painting

Johnston, Jill. “Reviews and Previews: Robert Rauschenberg.” Artnews 62, no. 3 (May 1963). p. 11

Robert Rauschenberg: Selections. Fort Worth, Texas: Fort Worth Art Center Museum, 1968. Exhibition catalogue. no. 4, n.p., as Dirt Painting

Hopkins, Henry T. “In the Museums: Robert Rauschenberg.” Arts Magazine (New York) 43, no. 4 (February 1969). p. 55

Robert Rauschenberg. Washington, D.C.: National Collection of Fine Arts, Smithsonian Institution, 1976. Exhibition catalogue. no. 18, p. 72 (ill.)

Forgey, Benjamin. “An Artist for All Decades.” Artnews 76, no. 1 (January 1977). p. 35

Ratcliff, Carter. “New York.” Art International (Lugano, Switzerland) 21, no. 3 (May–June 1977). p. 60

Sandler, Irving. “Rauschenberg and Johns.” In The New York School: The Painters and Sculptors of the Fifties, by Irving Sandler, pp. 174–95. New York: Harper & Row, 1978. p. 176

Feinstein, Roni. “Random Order: The First Fifteen Years of Robert Rauschenberg’s Art, 1949–1964.” PhD diss., New York University, 1990. ProQuest (303859753). p. 489

Hopps, Walter. Robert Rauschenberg: The Early 1950s. Houston: Menil Collection; Houston Fine Art Press, 1991. Exhibition catalogue. pp. 162, 207 (pl. 133)

“A Close-Up of an Artist’s Evolution at Corcoran.” Washington Times, June 24, 1991. sec. E, p. 3

Wood, Carol. “Robert Rauschenberg.” Arts Magazine (New York) 66, no. 3 (November 1991). p. 84

Camper, Fred. “The Unordered Universe.” Reader (Chicago), March 27, 1992. sec. 1, p. 32

Tarshis, Jerome. “Creativity Knew No Limits.” Christian Science Monitor, September 14, 1992. pp. 16, 17 (ill.)

Wainwright, Lisa. “Reading Junk: Thematic Imagery in the Art of Robert Rauschenberg from 1952 to 1964.” PhD diss., University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, 1993. ProQuest (304050074). pp. 18–19

Bois, Yve-Alain, and Rosalind E. Krauss. L’informe: Mode d’emploi. Paris: Centre Georges Pompidou, 1996. Exhibition catalogue. cover (ill. [detail]), pp. 28, 33 (ill.), 55

Hopps, Walter, and Susan Davidson. Robert Rauschenberg: A Retrospective. New York: Solomon R. Guggenheim Foundation, 1997. Exhibition catalogue. no. 55, p. 85 (pl. 55)

Bois, Yve-Alain, and Rosalind E. Krauss. Formless: A User’s Guide. New York: Zone Books, 1997. Exhibition catalogue. pp. 30 (fig. 6), 31, 59, 300, 302–3 (ill. [detail])

Feinstein, Roni. “Rauschenberg: Solutions for a Small Planet.” Art in America 86, no. 2 (February 1998). pp. 68 (ill.), 69

Hunter, Sam. Robert Rauschenberg. New York: Rizzoli, 1999. p. 14 (no. 7)

Steinberg, Leo. Encounters with Rauschenberg (A Lavishly Illustrated Lecture). Houston: Menil Collection; Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2000. p. 11 (fig. 9)

Joseph, Branden W. “White on White.” Critical Inquiry 27, no. 1 (Autumn 2000). pp. 115, 116 (fig. 14)

Joseph, Branden W. Random Order: Robert Rauschenberg and the Neo-Avant-Garde. Cambridge, Mass.: MIT Press, 2003. pp. 61 (ill.), 318

Hunter, Sam. Robert Rauschenberg: Works, Writings and Interviews. Barcelona: Polígrafa, 2006. p. 22 (ill.)

Pissarro, Joachim. Cézanne/Pissarro, Johns/Rauschenberg: Comparative Studies on Intersubjectivity in Modern Art. New York: Cambridge University Press, 2006. pp. 206, 207 (fig. 39)

Robinson, Julia. The Anarchy of Silence: John Cage and Experimental Art. Barcelona: Museu d’Art Contemporani de Barcelona, 2009. Exhibition catalogue. pp. 183 (ill.), 293

Robert Rauschenberg. New York: Gagosian Gallery, 2010. Exhibition catalogue. pp. 14, 15 (fig. 4), 16 (not exhibited)

Basualdo, Carlos, and Erica F. Battle, eds. Dancing Around the Bride: Cage, Cunningham, Johns, Rauschenberg, and Duchamp. Philadelphia: Philadelphia Museum of Art, 2012. Exhibition catalogue. pp. 23, 387 (ill.)

Craft, Catherine. Robert Rauschenberg. London: Phaidon, 2013. p. 41 (no. 35)

Braun, Emily. Alberto Burri: The Trauma of Painting. New York: Solomon R. Guggenheim Foundation, 2015. Exhibition catalogue. p. 75 (not exhibited)

Cotkin, George. “Erasure and Addition: Robert Rauschenberg 1953.” In Feast of Excess: A Cultural History of the New Sensibility, by George Cotkin, pp. 37–47. New York: Oxford University Press, 2015. pp. 42–43

Krčma, Ed. Robert Rauschenberg. London: Tate Publishing, 2016. p. 39 (fig. 29)

Dickerman, Leah, and Achim Borchardt-Hume. Robert Rauschenberg. New York: Museum of Modern Art; London: Tate Publishing, 2016. Exhibition catalogue. p. 105 (pl. 64)

Joseph, Branden W. Experimentations: John Cage in Music, Art, and Architecture. New York: Bloomsbury Academic, 2016. p. 121 (fig. 3.12)

Sinclair, Sara, with Mary Marshall Clark and Peter Bearman, eds. Robert Rauschenberg: An Oral History. New York: Columbia University Press, 2019. n.p. (fig. 2)

Dziewior, Yilmaz, and Achim Hochdörfer, with Arthur Fink, eds. Five Friends: John Cage, Merce Cunningham, Jasper Johns, Robert Rauschenberg, Cy Twombly. Munich: Museum Brandhorst; Cologne: Museum Ludwig, 2025. Exhibition catalogue. pp. 30 (ill.), 321