Larry Gagosian Gallery, New York, Rauschenberg: The White and Black Paintings 1949–1952, April 18–May 31, 1986. 

Corcoran Gallery of Art, Washington, D.C., Robert Rauschenberg: The Early 1950s, June 15–August 11, 1991. Organized by Menil Collection, Houston. Traveled to Menil Collection, Houston, September 27, 1991–January 5, 1992; Museum of Contemporary Art Chicago, February 8–April 19, 1992; San Francisco Museum of Modern Art, May 14–August 16, 1992; Guggenheim Museum SoHo, New York, October 24, 1992–January 24, 1993. 

Asheville Art Museum, N.C., Black Mountain College: Experiments in Material and Form, August 18–December 31, 2006. 

Akademie der Künste, Berlin, “John Cage und . . .”: Bildender Künstler—Einflüsse, Anregungen, March 30–June 17, 2012. Traveled to Museum der Moderne Salzburg, Austria, July 14–October 7, 2012. (withdrawn early from Salzburg)

Museum of Contemporary Art, Los Angeles, Destroy the Picture: Painting the Void, 1949–1962, October 6, 2012–January 14, 2013. Traveled to Museum of Contemporary Art Chicago, February 16–June 2, 2013. 

Cage, John. “On Robert Rauschenberg, Artist, and His Work.” Metro (Milan), no. 2 (1961). p. 41

Tomkins, Calvin. “Profiles: Moving Out.” New Yorker 40, no. 2 (February 29, 1964). p. 60

Tomkins, Calvin. Off the Wall: Robert Rauschenberg and the Art World of Our Time. Garden City, N.Y.: Doubleday, 1980. pp. 65, 100

Feinstein, Roni. “The Unknown Early Robert Rauschenberg: The Betty Parsons Exhibition of 1951.” Arts Magazine (New York) 59, no. 5 (January 1985). p. 129

Rauschenberg: The White and Black Paintings 1949–1952. New York: Larry Gagosian Gallery, 1986. Exhibition catalogue. n.p. (pl. 3), as Black Painting No 1

Feinstein, Roni. “Random Order: The First Fifteen Years of Robert Rauschenberg’s Art, 1949–1964.” PhD diss., New York University, 1990. ProQuest (303859753). pp. 72–73

Hopps, Walter. Robert Rauschenberg: The Early 1950s. Houston: Menil Collection; Houston Fine Art Press, 1991. Exhibition catalogue. pp. 28, 44, 68, 153, 172 (pl. 99), as Untitled [small black painting]

Tomkins, Calvin. Off the Wall: A Portrait of Robert Rauschenberg. New York: Picador, 2005. pp. 59, 89

Rosenthal, Stephanie. Black Paintings. Translated by Büro Sieveking. Munich: Haus der Kunst; Ostfildern, Germany: Hatje Cantz, 2006. Exhibition catalogue. no. 19, p. 129 (pl. 19), as Untitled (small black painting) (not exhibited)

Black Mountain College: An Exhibition Series. Asheville, N.C.: Asheville Art Museum, 2006. Exhibition brochure. n.p., as Untitled (Black Painting)

Herzogenrath, Wulf, and Barbara Nierhoff-Wielk, eds. “John Cage und . . .”: Bildender Künstler—Einflüsse, Anregungen. Cologne: DuMont, 2012. pp. 35 (ill. [install]), 36 (fig. 4), as Black Painting (Nr. 1)

Schimmel, Paul, ed. Destroy the Picture: Painting the Void, 1949–1962. Los Angeles: Museum of Contemporary Art, 2012. Exhibition catalogue. p. 119 (ill.), as Untitled

Haskell, Caitlin. “Untitled [glossy black painting].” Rauschenberg Research Project, San Francisco Museum of Modern Art, July 2013. (fig. 3), as Untitled [small black painting]

Crow, Thomas. The Long March of Pop: Art, Music, and Design, 1930–1995. New Haven, Conn.: Yale University Press, 2014. p. 55

Cotkin, George. “Erasure and Addition: Robert Rauschenberg 1953.” In Feast of Excess: A Cultural History of the New Sensibility, by George Cotkin, pp. 37–47. New York: Oxford University Press, 2015. pp. 46–47

Hopps, Walter. “Robert Rauschenberg.” In The Dream Colony: A Life in Art, by Walter Hopps pp. 237–55. New York: Bloomsbury, 2017. p. 244

Kotz, Mary Lynn. Rauschenberg: Art and Life. 3rd ed. New York: Harry N. Abrams, 2018. p. 71