Robert Rauschenberg
Paintings and Sculptures
1948–1953
52.008 / 54
54 Untitled (Scatole e Feticci Personali), ca. 1953
Wood box, dirt, plastic lens, photograph, hair, pins, and mica
Box (closed): 13/8 × 21/8 × 3 in. (3.6 × 5.4 × 7.5 cm)
Sonnabend Homem Collection
RRF 52.008

Alternate Title: Ileana Sonnabend’s Box


PROVENANCEGaps in the provenance are indicated by “(?)” for a single unidentified owner and “(. . .)” for multiple unidentified owners. See Guide.
Ileana Sonnabend, Paris, by 1969
Sonnabend Collection Foundation and Antonio Homem, bequest, 2007
Sonnabend Homem Collection, bequest, 2026


EXHIBITIONS
1950s

Galleria d’Arte Contemporanea, Florence, Scatole e costruzioni contemplative di Bob Rauschenberg, opened March 14, 1953. (likely shown)

Galleria dell’Obelisco, Rome, Bob Rauschenberg: Scatole e feticci personali, March 3–10, 1953. (likely shown)

1990s

Corcoran Gallery of Art, Washington, D.C., Robert Rauschenberg: The Early 1950s, June 15–August 11, 1991. Organized by Menil Collection, Houston. Traveled to Menil Collection, Houston, September 27, 1991–January 5, 1992; Museum of Contemporary Art Chicago, February 8–April 19, 1992; San Francisco Museum of Modern Art, May 14–August 16, 1992; Guggenheim Museum SoHo, New York, October 24, 1992–January 24, 1993. 

Modern Art Museum of Fort Worth, Texas, Robert Rauschenberg: Sculpture, October 22–December 31, 1995. Traveled to Museum of Contemporary Art, North Miami, Fla., April 26–July 28, 1996. no. 51

Solomon R. Guggenheim Museum, New York, Robert Rauschenberg: A Retrospective, September 19, 1997–January 7, 1998 (also Guggenheim Museum SoHo, New York, September 19, 1997–January 4, 1998, and Ace Gallery, New York, September 19–November 9, 1997). Traveled to Menil Collection, Contemporary Arts Museum Houston, and Museum of Fine Arts, Houston, February 13–May 17, 1998; Museum Ludwig, Cologne (as Robert Rauschenberg: Retrospektive), June 27–October 11, 1998; Museo Guggenheim Bilbao (as Robert Rauschenberg: Retrospectiva), November 21, 1998–March 7, 1999. no. 45

2000s

Palazzo dei Diamanti, Ferrara, Italy, Rauschenberg, February 29–June 6, 2004. no. 7

2010s

Craig F. Starr Gallery, New York, Robert Rauschenberg: North African Collages and Scatole Personali c. 1952, June 4–August 10, 2012. no. 25

Dickinson Roundell, New York, The Coveter, February 16–March 5, 2016. 

Tate Modern, London, Robert Rauschenberg, December 1, 2016–April 2, 2017. Organized with Museum of Modern Art, New York. Traveled to Museum of Modern Art, New York (as Robert Rauschenberg: Among Friends), May 21–September 17, 2017; San Francisco Museum of Modern Art (as Robert Rauschenberg: Erasing the Rules), November 18, 2017–March 25, 2018. 

2020s

Gladstone, New York, Robert Rauschenberg: Sympathy for Abandoned Objects, May 1–June 14, 2025. 

Fundación Juan March, Madrid, Robert Rauschenberg: El uso de las imágenes (Robert Rauschenberg: The Use of Images), October 3, 2025–January 18, 2026. no. 43



LITERATURE
1960s

Forge, Andrew. Rauschenberg. New York: Harry N. Abrams, [1969]. p. 158 (ill.), as Ileana Sonnabend’s Box

1990s

Feinstein, Roni. “Random Order: The First Fifteen Years of Robert Rauschenberg’s Art, 1949–1964.” PhD diss., New York University, 1990. ProQuest (303859753). p. 119, n.p. (fig. 34), as Ileana Sonnabend’s Box

Hopps, Walter. Robert Rauschenberg: The Early 1950s. Houston: Menil Collection; Houston Fine Art Press, 1991. Exhibition catalogue. pp. 114–15, 139 (pl. 86), 140 (pl. 87)

“A Close-Up of an Artist’s Evolution at Corcoran.” Washington Times, June 24, 1991. sec. E, p. 3 (ill.)

Camper, Fred. “The Unordered Universe.” Reader (Chicago), March 27, 1992. sec. 1, p. 33

Colpitt, Frances. “Rauschenberg: In the Beginning.” Art in America 80, no. 4 (April 1992). pp. 127 (ill.), 128

Wainwright, Lisa. “Reading Junk: Thematic Imagery in the Art of Robert Rauschenberg from 1952 to 1964.” PhD diss., University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, 1993. ProQuest (304050074). p. xi

Turrell, Julia Brown, ed. Rauschenberg Sculpture. Fort Worth, Texas: Modern Art Museum of Fort Worth, 1995. Exhibition catalogue. no. 51, p. 62, 62 (pl. 51)

Turner, Elisa. “Surprising Take on Enfant Terrible’s Sculpture.” Miami Herald, April 28, 1996. sec. I, p. 3I

Hopps, Walter, and Susan Davidson. Robert Rauschenberg: A Retrospective. New York: Solomon R. Guggenheim Foundation, 1997. Exhibition catalogue. no. 45, p. 75 (pl. 45)

2000s

Davidson, Susan, and David White. Rauschenberg. Ferrara, Italy: Ferrara Arte, 2004. Exhibition catalogue. no. 7, p. 111 (ill.)

Cullinan, Nicholas. “Double Exposure: Robert Rauschenberg’s and Cy Twombly’s Roman Holiday.” Burlington Magazine 150, no. 1264 (July 2008). p. 468 (fig. 36)

2010s

Robert Rauschenberg: North African Collages and Scatole Personali c. 1952. New York: Craig F. Starr Gallery, 2012. Exhibition catalogue. no. 25, n.p. (ill.)

Krčma, Ed. Robert Rauschenberg. London: Tate Publishing, 2016. p. 36 (fig. 26)

Dickerman, Leah, and Achim Borchardt-Hume. Robert Rauschenberg. New York: Museum of Modern Art; London: Tate Publishing, 2016. Exhibition catalogue. p. 85 (pl. 51)

Glauber, Alex. The Coveter. New York: Dickinson Roundell, 2016. Exhibition catalogue. n.p. (pl. 2 [install])

2020s

Robert Rauschenberg: Sympathy for Abandoned Objects. New York: Gladstone, 2025. Exhibition catalogue. pp. 17, 33 (ill.), 34–35 (ill.)

Rauschenberg: El uso de las imágenes. Madrid: Fundación Juan March, 2025. Exhibition catalogue. no. 43, pp. 83 (ill.), 288