[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":5973},["ShallowReactive",2],{"artwork:index":3,"globals:footer":5936},{"records":4},[5,43,158,193,217,242,509,575,717,764,816,915,962,1034,1215,1317,1431,1578,1682,1721,1761,1798,1846,1895,1953,2024,2106,2220,2267,2309,2334,2456,2525,2566,2617,2705,2753,2817,2846,2903,2953,2996,3040,3073,3144,3198,3234,3256,3754,3766,3805,3858,3881,3901,3919,3973,3994,4028,4063,4084,4110,4168,4198,4222,4248,4305,4345,4376,4396,4501,4517,4547,4575,4592,4631,4651,4670,4690,4733,4834,4893,4941,4976,5005,5020,5112,5306,5334,5349,5364,5377,5402,5421,5443,5458,5481,5499,5517,5533,5548,5570,5586,5601,5617,5632,5647,5664,5680,5700,5716,5744,5767,5783,5801,5817,5834,5851,5867,5882,5894,5908,5921],{"fieldData":6,"portalData":25,"recordId":26,"modId":27,"bibliographyItems":28,"exhibitionItems":41,"searchText":42},{"pk_ArtworkID":7,"Unique Impression ID":8,"Artist":9,"Title":10,"Display Date":11,"zc_YearFirst":12,"Medium":13,"Dimensions":14,"zf_WebPublished":15,"Series":15,"Reg Number Text":8,"fk_ArtworkSeriesID":15,"zc_htmlTitle":16,"Credit Line":17,"zc_htmlCreditLine":18,"CR_Inscriptions":15,"zc_htmlCRInscriptions":15,"TItle_Alternative":15,"zc_htmlTitleAlternative":15,"Studio":15,"fk_StudioID":15,"CR_Classification":19,"Public Notes":15,"CR_Provenance":15,"zc_SortRegNo":20,"zc_SortRegNo2":21,"zc_htmlCRPublicNotes":15,"zc_htmlCRProvenance":15,"zc_CR_examDate":15,"CR_followup":15,"zf_CR":22,"modificationTimestampAPI":23,"cr_sequence_number":24,"Search Year Start":12,"Search Year Start Circa":22,"Search Year End":12,"Search Year End Circa":22,"Year":11,"CR Number":24,"zf_CRpublished":22,"zf_nonextant":22},102,"48.001","Robert Rauschenberg","Self-Portrait","ca. 1948",1948,"Oil on canvas (?)","Dimensions unknown","","\u003Cspan style=\"font-style:italic;\" >Self-Portrait\u003C\u002Fspan>","Lost","\u003Cspan style=\"\" >Lost\u003C\u002Fspan>","Painting",48,"0",1,"05\u002F05\u002F2026 14:57:06",2,{},"5","495",[29,35],{"pk":30,"citation":31,"mentions":32,"year":33,"sort":34},1941,"\u003Cspan style=\"\" >Tomkins, Calvin. \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"font-style:italic;\" >Off the Wall: Robert Rauschenberg and the Art World of Our Time\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"\" >. Garden City, N.Y.: Doubleday, 1980\u003C\u002Fspan>","\u003Cspan style=\"\" >n.p. (ill.)\u003C\u002Fspan>",1980,19800000,{"pk":36,"citation":37,"mentions":38,"year":39,"sort":40},77,"\u003Cspan style=\"\" >Hopps, Walter. \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"font-style:italic;\" >Robert Rauschenberg: The Early 1950s\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"\" >. Houston: Menil Collection; Houston Fine Art Press, 1991. Exhibition catalogue\u003C\u002Fspan>","\u003Cspan style=\"\" >pp. 15 (fig. 8), 16 (not exhibited)\u003C\u002Fspan>",1991,19910000,[],"2 self-portrait ca. 1948 oil on canvas (?) dimensions unknown lost 48.001 1948 1948 tomkins, calvin.  off the wall: robert rauschenberg and the art world of our time . garden city, n.y.: doubleday, 1980 n.p. (ill.) hopps, walter. robert rauschenberg: the early 1950s . houston: menil collection; houston fine art press, 1991. exhibition catalogue pp. 15 (fig. 8), 16 (not exhibited)",{"fieldData":44,"portalData":60,"recordId":61,"modId":62,"bibliographyItems":63,"exhibitionItems":154,"searchText":157},{"pk_ArtworkID":45,"Unique Impression ID":46,"Artist":9,"Title":47,"Display Date":48,"zc_YearFirst":49,"Medium":50,"Dimensions":14,"zf_WebPublished":22,"Series":15,"Reg Number Text":46,"fk_ArtworkSeriesID":15,"zc_htmlTitle":51,"Credit Line":52,"zc_htmlCreditLine":53,"CR_Inscriptions":15,"zc_htmlCRInscriptions":15,"TItle_Alternative":15,"zc_htmlTitleAlternative":15,"Studio":54,"fk_StudioID":55,"CR_Classification":19,"Public Notes":15,"CR_Provenance":15,"zc_SortRegNo":56,"zc_SortRegNo2":21,"zc_htmlCRPublicNotes":15,"zc_htmlCRProvenance":15,"zc_CR_examDate":15,"CR_followup":15,"zf_CR":22,"modificationTimestampAPI":57,"cr_sequence_number":58,"Search Year Start":49,"Search Year Start Circa":22,"Search Year End":49,"Search Year End Circa":22,"Year":48,"CR Number":59,"zf_CRpublished":22,"zf_nonextant":22},105,"49.003","Trinity","ca. 1951",1951,"Oil and pencil on canvas (?)","\u003Cspan style=\"font-style:italic;\" >Trinity\u003C\u002Fspan>","Presumed destroyed","\u003Cspan style=\"\" >Presumed destroyed\u003C\u002Fspan>","6 West 95th Street",10005,49,"06\u002F01\u002F2026 12:43:02",32,20,{},"8","560",[64,69,75,81,84,90,95,101,107,109,115,121,125,131,137,143,148],{"pk":65,"citation":66,"mentions":67,"year":49,"sort":68},4403,"\u003Cspan style=\"\" >Cole, Mary. “Fifty-Seventh Street in Review: Bob Rauschenberg.” \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"font-style:italic;\" >Art Digest\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"\" > 25, no. 17 (June 1, 1951)\u003C\u002Fspan>","\u003Cspan style=\"\" >p. 18\u003C\u002Fspan>",19510601,{"pk":70,"citation":71,"mentions":72,"year":73,"sort":74},11,"\u003Cspan style=\"font-style:italic;\" >Robert Rauschenberg\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"\" >. Washington, D.C.: National Collection of Fine Arts, Smithsonian Institution, 1976. Exhibition catalogue\u003C\u002Fspan>","\u003Cspan style=\"\" >pp. 2 (ill. [flopped]), 3 (not exhibited)\u003C\u002Fspan>",1976,19760000,{"pk":76,"citation":77,"mentions":78,"year":79,"sort":80},4206,"\u003Cspan style=\"\" >Sandler, Irving. “Rauschenberg and Johns.” In \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"font-style:italic;\" >The New York School: The Painters and Sculptors of the Fifties\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"\" >, by Irving Sandler, pp. 174–95. New York: Harper & Row, 1978\u003C\u002Fspan>","\u003Cspan style=\"\" >p. 174\u003C\u002Fspan>",1978,19780000,{"pk":20,"citation":82,"mentions":83,"year":33,"sort":34},"\u003Cspan style=\"font-style:italic;\" >Robert Rauschenberg: Werke 1950–1980\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"\" >. Berlin: Staatliche Kunsthalle Berlin, 1980. Exhibition catalogue\u003C\u002Fspan>","\u003Cspan style=\"\" >pp. 40, 49 (not exhibited)\u003C\u002Fspan>",{"pk":85,"citation":86,"mentions":87,"year":88,"sort":89},46,"\u003Cspan style=\"font-style:italic;\" >Rauschenberg\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"\" >. Madrid: Fundación Juan March, 1985. Exhibition catalogue\u003C\u002Fspan>","\u003Cspan style=\"\" >n.p. (not exhibited)\u003C\u002Fspan>",1985,19850000,{"pk":91,"citation":92,"mentions":93,"year":88,"sort":94},4112,"\u003Cspan style=\"\" >Feinstein, Roni. “The Unknown Early Robert Rauschenberg: The Betty Parsons Exhibition of 1951.” \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"font-style:italic;\" >Arts Magazine\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"\" > (New York) 59, no. 5 (January 1985)\u003C\u002Fspan>","\u003Cspan style=\"\" >pp. 126 (fig. 1 [rotated]), 127, 131\u003C\u002Fspan>",19850100,{"pk":96,"citation":97,"mentions":98,"year":99,"sort":100},4960,"\u003Cspan style=\"\" >Feinstein, Roni. “The Early Work of Robert Rauschenberg: The White Paintings, the Black Paintings, and the Elemental Sculptures.” \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"font-style:italic;\" >Arts Magazine\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"\" > (New York) 61, no. 1 (September 1986)\u003C\u002Fspan>","\u003Cspan style=\"\" >p. 28\u003C\u002Fspan>",1986,19860900,{"pk":102,"citation":103,"mentions":104,"year":105,"sort":106},2032,"\u003Cspan style=\"\" >Feinstein, Roni. “Random Order: The First Fifteen Years of Robert Rauschenberg’s Art, 1949–1964.” PhD diss., New York University, 1990. ProQuest (303859753)\u003C\u002Fspan>","\u003Cspan style=\"\" >pp. 59–60, 63, 82, 89, n.p. (fig. 5 [flopped])\u003C\u002Fspan>",1990,19900000,{"pk":36,"citation":37,"mentions":108,"year":39,"sort":40},"\u003Cspan style=\"\" >pp. 13, 28–29, 32, 44, 45 (pl. 10 [flopped]), 169 (not exhibited)\u003C\u002Fspan>",{"pk":110,"citation":111,"mentions":112,"year":113,"sort":114},636,"\u003Cspan style=\"\" >Smith, Mark L. “Image and Word in the Prints of Robert Rauschenberg, 1951–1981.” PhD diss., University of Texas at Austin, 1992. ProQuest (304034847)\u003C\u002Fspan>","\u003Cspan style=\"\" >p. 275\u003C\u002Fspan>",1992,19920000,{"pk":116,"citation":117,"mentions":118,"year":119,"sort":120},81,"\u003Cspan style=\"font-style:italic;\" >Robert Rauschenberg. \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"\" >Tokyo: Kodansha, 1993\u003C\u002Fspan>","\u003Cspan style=\"\" >p. 102 (ill. [flopped])\u003C\u002Fspan>",1993,19930000,{"pk":122,"citation":123,"mentions":124,"year":119,"sort":120},1760,"\u003Cspan style=\"\" >Wainwright, Lisa. “Reading Junk: Thematic Imagery in the Art of Robert Rauschenberg from 1952 to 1964.” PhD diss., University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, 1993. ProQuest (304050074)\u003C\u002Fspan>","\u003Cspan style=\"\" >p. 62\u003C\u002Fspan>",{"pk":126,"citation":127,"mentions":128,"year":129,"sort":130},535,"\u003Cspan style=\"\" >Hunter, Sam. \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"font-style:italic;\" >Robert Rauschenberg\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"\" >. New York: Rizzoli, 1999\u003C\u002Fspan>","\u003Cspan style=\"\" >p. 57\u003C\u002Fspan>",1999,19990000,{"pk":132,"citation":133,"mentions":134,"year":135,"sort":136},320,"\u003Cspan style=\"\" >Joseph, Branden W. \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"font-style:italic;\" >Random Order: Robert Rauschenberg and the Neo-Avant-Garde\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"\" >. Cambridge, Mass.: MIT Press, 2003\u003C\u002Fspan>","\u003Cspan style=\"\" >p. 26\u003C\u002Fspan>",2003,20030000,{"pk":138,"citation":139,"mentions":140,"year":141,"sort":142},4348,"\u003Cspan style=\"\" >Richards, Elizabeth. “Rauschenberg’s Religion: Autobiography and Spiritual Reference in Rauschenberg’s Use of Textiles.” \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"font-style:italic;\" >Southeastern College Art Conference Review\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"\" > 16, no. 1 (2011)\u003C\u002Fspan>","\u003Cspan style=\"\" >p. 43\u003C\u002Fspan>",2011,20110000,{"pk":144,"citation":145,"mentions":15,"year":146,"sort":147},6166,"\u003Cspan style=\"\" >Davidson, Susan. “Mother of God.” Rauschenberg Research Project, San Francisco Museum of Modern Art, July 2013\u003C\u002Fspan>",2013,20130700,{"pk":149,"citation":150,"mentions":151,"year":152,"sort":153},2976,"\u003Cspan style=\"\" >Kotz, Mary Lynn. \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"font-style:italic;\" >Rauschenberg: Art and Life\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"\" >. 3rd ed. New York: Harry N. Abrams, 2018\u003C\u002Fspan>","\u003Cspan style=\"\" >p. 70\u003C\u002Fspan>",2018,20180000,[155],{"citation":156,"catalogue":15,"year":49},"\u003Cspan style=\"\" >Betty Parsons Gallery, New York, \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"font-style:italic;\" >Paintings by Bob Rauschenberg\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"\" >, May 14–June 2, 1951\u003C\u002Fspan>","20 trinity ca. 1951 oil and pencil on canvas (?) dimensions unknown presumed destroyed 49.003 1951 1951 cole, mary. “fifty-seventh street in review: bob rauschenberg.” art digest 25, no. 17 (june 1, 1951) p. 18 robert rauschenberg . washington, d.c.: national collection of fine arts, smithsonian institution, 1976. exhibition catalogue pp. 2 (ill. [flopped]), 3 (not exhibited) sandler, irving. “rauschenberg and johns.” in the new york school: the painters and sculptors of the fifties , by irving sandler, pp. 174–95. new york: harper & row, 1978 p. 174 robert rauschenberg: werke 1950–1980 . berlin: staatliche kunsthalle berlin, 1980. exhibition catalogue pp. 40, 49 (not exhibited) rauschenberg . madrid: fundación juan march, 1985. exhibition catalogue n.p. (not exhibited) feinstein, roni. “the unknown early robert rauschenberg: the betty parsons exhibition of 1951.” arts magazine (new york) 59, no. 5 (january 1985) pp. 126 (fig. 1 [rotated]), 127, 131 feinstein, roni. “the early work of robert rauschenberg: the white paintings, the black paintings, and the elemental sculptures.” arts magazine (new york) 61, no. 1 (september 1986) p. 28 feinstein, roni. “random order: the first fifteen years of robert rauschenberg’s art, 1949–1964.” phd diss., new york university, 1990. proquest (303859753) pp. 59–60, 63, 82, 89, n.p. (fig. 5 [flopped]) hopps, walter. robert rauschenberg: the early 1950s . houston: menil collection; houston fine art press, 1991. exhibition catalogue pp. 13, 28–29, 32, 44, 45 (pl. 10 [flopped]), 169 (not exhibited) smith, mark l. “image and word in the prints of robert rauschenberg, 1951–1981.” phd diss., university of texas at austin, 1992. proquest (304034847) p. 275 robert rauschenberg. tokyo: kodansha, 1993 p. 102 (ill. [flopped]) wainwright, lisa. “reading junk: thematic imagery in the art of robert rauschenberg from 1952 to 1964.” phd diss., university of illinois, urbana-champaign, 1993. proquest (304050074) p. 62 hunter, sam. robert rauschenberg . new york: rizzoli, 1999 p. 57 joseph, branden w. random order: robert rauschenberg and the neo-avant-garde . cambridge, mass.: mit press, 2003 p. 26 richards, elizabeth. “rauschenberg’s religion: autobiography and spiritual reference in rauschenberg’s use of textiles.” southeastern college art conference review 16, no. 1 (2011) p. 43 davidson, susan. “mother of god.” rauschenberg research project, san francisco museum of modern art, july 2013 kotz, mary lynn. rauschenberg: art and life . 3rd ed. new york: harry n. abrams, 2018 p. 70 betty parsons gallery, new york, paintings by bob rauschenberg , may 14–june 2, 1951",{"fieldData":159,"portalData":179,"recordId":180,"modId":181,"bibliographyItems":182,"exhibitionItems":189,"searchText":192},{"pk_ArtworkID":160,"Unique Impression ID":161,"Artist":9,"Title":162,"Display Date":163,"zc_YearFirst":164,"Medium":165,"Dimensions":166,"zf_WebPublished":15,"Series":15,"Reg Number Text":161,"fk_ArtworkSeriesID":15,"zc_htmlTitle":167,"Credit Line":168,"zc_htmlCreditLine":169,"CR_Inscriptions":170,"zc_htmlCRInscriptions":171,"TItle_Alternative":15,"zc_htmlTitleAlternative":15,"Studio":172,"fk_StudioID":173,"CR_Classification":19,"Public Notes":15,"CR_Provenance":174,"zc_SortRegNo":56,"zc_SortRegNo2":21,"zc_htmlCRPublicNotes":15,"zc_htmlCRProvenance":175,"zc_CR_examDate":176,"CR_followup":15,"zf_CR":22,"modificationTimestampAPI":177,"cr_sequence_number":178,"Search Year Start":164,"Search Year Start Circa":22,"Search Year End":164,"Search Year End Circa":22,"Year":163,"CR Number":178,"zf_CRpublished":22,"zf_nonextant":15},106,"49.004","Wash","ca. 1949",1949,"Oil on Masonite and wood frame","25 3\u002F8 × 37 1\u002F4 in. (64.3 × 94.6 cm)","\u003Cspan style=\"font-style:italic;\" >Wash\u003C\u002Fspan>","Collection of Rick Begneaud","\u003Cspan style=\"\" >Collection of Rick Begneaud\u003C\u002Fspan>","Inscribed on stretcher: “WASH” \u002F BOB RAUSCHENBERG        432 E 87th St        N.Y.C.","\u003Cspan style=\"\" >Inscribed on stretcher: \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"font-style:italic;\" >“WASH” \u002F BOB RAUSCHENBERG \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 8px;color: #1A1818;font-style:italic;\" >       \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"font-style:italic;\" >432 E 87th St \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 8px;color: #1A1818;font-style:italic;\" >       \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"font-style:italic;\" >N.Y.C.\u003C\u002Fspan>","Art Students League",10002,"Dora Rauschenberg, Lafayette, La.\rRick Begneaud, Mill Valley, Calif., by descent, 1999","\u003Cspan style=\"\" >Dora Rauschenberg, Lafayette, La.\u003Cbr\u002F>Rick Begneaud, Mill Valley, Calif., by descent, 1999\u003C\u002Fspan>","08\u002F01\u002F2023","07\u002F23\u002F2026 10:30:36",8,{},"9","523",[183],{"pk":184,"citation":185,"mentions":186,"year":187,"sort":188},3572,"\u003Cspan style=\"\" >Russo, Jillian E. \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"font-style:italic;\" >On the Front Lines: Military Veterans at the Art Students League of New York\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"\" >. Buffalo: University at Buffalo Art Galleries, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, 2016. Exhibition brochure\u003C\u002Fspan>","\u003Cspan style=\"\" >pp. 4 (ill.), 7–8\u003C\u002Fspan>",2016,20160000,[190],{"citation":191,"catalogue":15,"year":187},"\u003Cspan style=\"\" >Phyllis Harriman Mason Gallery, Art Students League of New York, \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"font-style:italic;\" >On the Front Lines: Military Veterans at the Art Students League of New York\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"\" >, June 19–July 29, 2015. Traveled to University at Buffalo Art Galleries, State University of New York, April 2–August 7, 2016\u003C\u002Fspan>","8 wash ca. 1949 oil on masonite and wood frame 25 3\u002F8 × 37 1\u002F4 in. (64.3 × 94.6 cm) collection of rick begneaud 49.004 inscribed on stretcher: “wash” \u002F bob rauschenberg 432 e 87th st n.y.c. dora rauschenberg, lafayette, la. rick begneaud, mill valley, calif., by descent, 1999 1949 1949 russo, jillian e. on the front lines: military veterans at the art students league of new york . buffalo: university at buffalo art galleries, university at buffalo, state university of new york, 2016. exhibition brochure pp. 4 (ill.), 7–8 phyllis harriman mason gallery, art students league of new york, on the front lines: military veterans at the art students league of new york , june 19–july 29, 2015. traveled to university at buffalo art galleries, state university of new york, april 2–august 7, 2016",{"fieldData":194,"portalData":212,"recordId":213,"modId":181,"bibliographyItems":214,"exhibitionItems":215,"searchText":216},{"pk_ArtworkID":195,"Unique Impression ID":196,"Artist":9,"Title":197,"Display Date":198,"zc_YearFirst":164,"Medium":199,"Dimensions":200,"zf_WebPublished":15,"Series":15,"Reg Number Text":196,"fk_ArtworkSeriesID":15,"zc_htmlTitle":201,"Credit Line":202,"zc_htmlCreditLine":203,"CR_Inscriptions":204,"zc_htmlCRInscriptions":205,"TItle_Alternative":15,"zc_htmlTitleAlternative":15,"Studio":172,"fk_StudioID":173,"CR_Classification":19,"Public Notes":15,"CR_Provenance":206,"zc_SortRegNo":56,"zc_SortRegNo2":21,"zc_htmlCRPublicNotes":15,"zc_htmlCRProvenance":207,"zc_CR_examDate":208,"CR_followup":15,"zf_CR":22,"modificationTimestampAPI":209,"cr_sequence_number":210,"Search Year Start":164,"Search Year Start Circa":22,"Search Year End":211,"Search Year End Circa":22,"Year":198,"CR Number":210,"zf_CRpublished":22,"zf_nonextant":15},107,"49.005","Untitled","ca. 1949–50","Oil and pencil on canvas","34 × 37 1\u002F4 in. (86.4 × 94.6 cm)","\u003Cspan style=\"font-style:italic;\" >Untitled\u003C\u002Fspan>","Collection of Lyn and Sam Schwab","\u003Cspan style=\"\" >Collection of Lyn and Sam Schwab\u003C\u002Fspan>","Inscribed, lower left: RAUSCHENBERG","\u003Cspan style=\"\" >Inscribed, lower left: \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"font-style:italic;\" >RAUSCHENBERG\u003C\u002Fspan>","(?)\rCorinne and Salvatore Romano, New York, ca. 1960\rLyn and Sam Schwab, New York, purchase, March 24, 2000 (via Robert Pardo Gallery, New York)","\u003Cspan style=\"\" >(?)\u003Cbr\u002F>Corinne and Salvatore Romano, New York, ca. 1960\u003Cbr\u002F>Lyn and Sam Schwab, New York, purchase, March 24, 2000 (via Robert Pardo Gallery, New York)\u003C\u002Fspan>","05\u002F01\u002F2024","07\u002F23\u002F2026 10:33:43",9,1950,{},"10",[],[],"9 untitled ca. 1949–50 oil and pencil on canvas 34 × 37 1\u002F4 in. (86.4 × 94.6 cm) collection of lyn and sam schwab 49.005 inscribed, lower left: rauschenberg (?) corinne and salvatore romano, new york, ca. 1960 lyn and sam schwab, new york, purchase, march 24, 2000 (via robert pardo gallery, new york) 1949 1950",{"fieldData":218,"portalData":235,"recordId":236,"modId":237,"bibliographyItems":238,"exhibitionItems":240,"searchText":241},{"pk_ArtworkID":219,"Unique Impression ID":220,"Artist":9,"Title":221,"Display Date":222,"zc_YearFirst":164,"Medium":223,"Dimensions":224,"zf_WebPublished":15,"Series":15,"Reg Number Text":220,"fk_ArtworkSeriesID":15,"zc_htmlTitle":225,"Credit Line":226,"zc_htmlCreditLine":227,"CR_Inscriptions":228,"zc_htmlCRInscriptions":229,"TItle_Alternative":15,"zc_htmlTitleAlternative":15,"Studio":15,"fk_StudioID":15,"CR_Classification":19,"Public Notes":15,"CR_Provenance":230,"zc_SortRegNo":56,"zc_SortRegNo2":21,"zc_htmlCRPublicNotes":15,"zc_htmlCRProvenance":231,"zc_CR_examDate":232,"CR_followup":15,"zf_CR":22,"modificationTimestampAPI":233,"cr_sequence_number":234,"Search Year Start":164,"Search Year Start Circa":15,"Search Year End":164,"Search Year End Circa":15,"Year":222,"CR Number":234,"zf_CRpublished":22,"zf_nonextant":15},108,"49.006","Janet","1949","Oil on canvas","29 7\u002F8 × 23 7\u002F8 in. (76 × 60.7 cm)","\u003Cspan style=\"font-style:italic;\" >Janet\u003C\u002Fspan>","Collection of Janet Rauschenberg Begneaud","\u003Cspan style=\"\" >Collection of Janet Rauschenberg Begneaud\u003C\u002Fspan>","Inscribed, lower right: Rauschenberg ’49 [incised]","\u003Cspan style=\"\" >Inscribed, lower right: \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"font-style:italic;\" >Rauschenberg ’49 \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"\" >[incised]\u003C\u002Fspan>","Dora Rauschenberg, Lafayette, La., late 1950s or early 1960s\rJanet Rauschenberg Begneaud, Lafayette, La., by descent, 1999","\u003Cspan style=\"\" >Dora Rauschenberg, Lafayette, La., late 1950s or early 1960s\u003Cbr\u002F>Janet Rauschenberg Begneaud, Lafayette, La., by descent, 1999\u003C\u002Fspan>","4\u002F18\u002F2024","07\u002F23\u002F2026 10:24:39",3,{},"11","489",[239],{"pk":30,"citation":31,"mentions":32,"year":33,"sort":34},[],"3 janet 1949 oil on canvas 29 7\u002F8 × 23 7\u002F8 in. (76 × 60.7 cm) collection of janet rauschenberg begneaud 49.006 inscribed, lower right: rauschenberg ’49 [incised] dora rauschenberg, lafayette, la., late 1950s or early 1960s janet rauschenberg begneaud, lafayette, la., by descent, 1999 1949 1949 tomkins, calvin.  off the wall: robert rauschenberg and the art world of our time . garden city, n.y.: doubleday, 1980 n.p. (ill.)",{"fieldData":243,"portalData":264,"recordId":265,"modId":266,"bibliographyItems":267,"exhibitionItems":476,"searchText":508},{"pk_ArtworkID":244,"Unique Impression ID":245,"Artist":9,"Title":246,"Display Date":247,"zc_YearFirst":211,"Medium":248,"Dimensions":249,"zf_WebPublished":22,"Series":15,"Reg Number Text":245,"fk_ArtworkSeriesID":15,"zc_htmlTitle":250,"Credit Line":251,"zc_htmlCreditLine":252,"CR_Inscriptions":253,"zc_htmlCRInscriptions":254,"TItle_Alternative":255,"zc_htmlTitleAlternative":256,"Studio":172,"fk_StudioID":173,"CR_Classification":19,"Public Notes":15,"CR_Provenance":257,"zc_SortRegNo":258,"zc_SortRegNo2":21,"zc_htmlCRPublicNotes":15,"zc_htmlCRProvenance":259,"zc_CR_examDate":260,"CR_followup":15,"zf_CR":22,"modificationTimestampAPI":261,"cr_sequence_number":262,"Search Year Start":211,"Search Year Start Circa":22,"Search Year End":211,"Search Year End Circa":22,"Year":247,"CR Number":263,"zf_CRpublished":22,"zf_nonextant":15},110,"50.001","22 The Lily White","ca. 1950–51","Oil and crayon on canvas","39 5\u002F8 × 23 7\u002F8 in. (100.6 × 60.6 cm)","\u003Cspan style=\"font-style:italic;\" >22 The Lily White\u003C\u002Fspan>","Collection of Nancy Ganz Wright and Alton Wright","\u003Cspan style=\"\" >Collection of Nancy Ganz Wright and Alton Wright\u003C\u002Fspan>","Inscribed on relined canvas, upper center: RAUSCHENBERG \u002F WHT. PAINTING WITH NUMBERS \u002F 1949","\u003Cspan style=\"\" >Inscribed on relined canvas, upper center: \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"font-style:italic;\" >RAUSCHENBERG \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"\" >\u002F\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"font-style:italic;\" > \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"font-style:italic;text-decoration:underline ;\" >WHT.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"font-style:italic;\" > \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"font-style:italic;text-decoration:underline ;\" >PAINTING\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"font-style:italic;\" > \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"font-style:italic;text-decoration:underline ;\" >WITH\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"font-style:italic;\" > \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"font-style:italic;text-decoration:underline ;\" >NUMBERS\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"font-style:italic;\" > \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"\" >\u002F\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"font-style:italic;\" > 1949\u003C\u002Fspan>","White Painting with Numbers","\u003Cspan style=\"font-style:italic;\" >White Painting with Numbers\u003C\u002Fspan>","Victor and Sally Ganz, New York, purchase from the artist, October 1, 1966\rEstate of Victor Ganz, 1987\rNancy Ganz Wright, acquired from above, 1989\rNancy Ganz Wright and Alton Wright, 2025",50,"\u003Cspan style=\"\" >Victor and Sally Ganz, New York, purchase from the artist, October 1, 1966\u003Cbr\u002F>Estate of Victor Ganz, 1987\u003Cbr\u002F>Nancy Ganz Wright, acquired from above, 1989\u003Cbr\u002F>Nancy Ganz Wright and Alton Wright, 2025\u003C\u002Fspan>","11\u002F11\u002F2022","07\u002F23\u002F2026 15:32:10",25,14,{},"13","627",[268,273,278,282,287,293,298,304,308,312,317,323,329,334,336,338,340,346,352,354,359,363,365,367,371,373,379,383,388,392,397,403,405,411,417,423,427,433,437,443,448,449,453,457,462,464,470],{"pk":24,"citation":269,"mentions":270,"year":271,"sort":272},"\u003Cspan style=\"\" >Solomon, Alan R. \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"font-style:italic;\" >Robert Rauschenberg\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"\" >. New York: Jewish Museum, 1963. Exhibition catalogue\u003C\u002Fspan>","\u003Cspan style=\"\" >no. 1, n.p. as \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"font-style:italic;\" >White Painting (with numbers)\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"\" >, n.p. (ill.) as \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"font-style:italic;\" >White Painting\u003C\u002Fspan>",1963,19630000,{"pk":274,"citation":275,"mentions":276,"year":271,"sort":277},6235,"\u003Cspan style=\"\" >Judd, Donald. "In the Galleries: According to the Letter." \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"font-style:italic;\" >Arts Magazine \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"\" >(New York) 37, no. 6 (March 1963)\u003C\u002Fspan>","\u003Cspan style=\"\" >p. 65\u003C\u002Fspan>",19630300,{"pk":279,"citation":280,"mentions":281,"year":271,"sort":277},6245,"\u003Cspan style=\"\" >Fried, Michael. “New York Letter.” \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"font-style:italic;\" >Art International\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"\" > (Lugano, Switzerland) 7, no. 3 (March 1963)\u003C\u002Fspan>","\u003Cspan style=\"\" >p. 52, as \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"font-style:italic;\" >ASL, NY\u003C\u002Fspan>",{"pk":283,"citation":284,"mentions":285,"year":271,"sort":286},4442,"\u003Cspan style=\"\" >Johnston, Jill. “Reviews and Previews: Robert Rauschenberg.” \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"font-style:italic;\" >Artnews\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"\" > 62, no. 3 (May 1963)\u003C\u002Fspan>","\u003Cspan style=\"\" >p. 11, as \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"font-style:italic;\" >White Painting\u003C\u002Fspan>",19630500,{"pk":288,"citation":289,"mentions":290,"year":291,"sort":292},506,"\u003Cspan style=\"font-style:italic;\" >Robert Rauschenberg: Paintings, Drawings and Combines 1949–1964\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"\" >. London: Whitechapel Gallery, 1964. Exhibition catalogue\u003C\u002Fspan>","\u003Cspan style=\"\" >n.p. (no. 1), as \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"font-style:italic;\" >White Painting with Numbers\u003C\u002Fspan>",1964,19640000,{"pk":294,"citation":295,"mentions":296,"year":291,"sort":297},4385,"\u003Cspan style=\"\" >Tomkins, Calvin. “Profiles: Moving Out.” \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"font-style:italic;\" >New Yorker\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"\" > 40, no. 2 (February 29, 1964)\u003C\u002Fspan>","\u003Cspan style=\"\" >p. 54\u003C\u002Fspan>",19640229,{"pk":299,"citation":300,"mentions":301,"year":302,"sort":303},18,"\u003Cspan style=\"font-style:italic;\" >Robert Rauschenberg\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"\" >. Amsterdam: Stedelijk Museum, 1968. Exhibition catalogue\u003C\u002Fspan>","\u003Cspan style=\"\" >no. 1, pp. 17 (ill.), 59–60, 63–64, 67, as \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"font-style:italic;\" >White Painting with Numbers\u003C\u002Fspan>",1968,19680000,{"pk":305,"citation":306,"mentions":307,"year":302,"sort":303},19,"\u003Cspan style=\"font-style:italic;\" >Robert Rauschenberg: Selections\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"\" >. Fort Worth, Texas: Fort Worth Art Center Museum, 1968. Exhibition catalogue\u003C\u002Fspan>","\u003Cspan style=\"\" >no. 1, n.p. (ill.), as \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"font-style:italic;\" >White Painting (Numbers)\u003C\u002Fspan>",{"pk":309,"citation":310,"mentions":311,"year":302,"sort":303},6571,"\u003Cspan style=\"font-style:italic;\" >Robert Rauschenberg: \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"font-style:italic;text-transform: uppercase;\" >œ\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"font-style:italic;\" >uvres de 1949 à 1968\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"\" >. Paris: Musée d’Art Moderne de la Ville de Paris, 1968. Exhibition brochure\u003C\u002Fspan>","\u003Cspan style=\"\" >no. 1, n.p., as \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"font-style:italic;\" >White Painting with Numbers\u003C\u002Fspan>",{"pk":22,"citation":313,"mentions":314,"year":315,"sort":316},"\u003Cspan style=\"\" >Forge, Andrew. \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"font-style:italic;\" >Rauschenberg\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"\" >. New York: Harry N. Abrams, [1969]\u003C\u002Fspan>","\u003Cspan style=\"\" >pp. 33, 35, 172 (ill.), as \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"font-style:italic;\" >White Painting with Numbers\u003C\u002Fspan>",1969,19690000,{"pk":318,"citation":319,"mentions":320,"year":321,"sort":322},6552,"\u003Cspan style=\"\" >Tōno, Yoshiaki. “Robert Rauschenberg: His Autobiography with Annotations.” \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"font-style:italic;\" >Bijutsu Techo\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"\" > (Tokyo) 22, no. 326 (April 1970)\u003C\u002Fspan>","\u003Cspan style=\"\" >p. 87 (ill.), as \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"font-style:italic;\" >White Painting with Numbers\u003C\u002Fspan>",1970,19700400,{"pk":324,"citation":325,"mentions":326,"year":327,"sort":328},33,"\u003Cspan style=\"\" >Forge, Andrew. \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"font-style:italic;\" >Rauschenberg\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"\" >. New York: Harry N. Abrams, [1972]\u003C\u002Fspan>","\u003Cspan style=\"\" >pp. 9–10, n.p. (pl. 1), n.p., as \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"font-style:italic;\" >White Painting with Numbers\u003C\u002Fspan>",1972,19720000,{"pk":330,"citation":331,"mentions":332,"year":327,"sort":333},6171,"\u003Cspan style=\"\" >Steinberg, Leo. “Reflections on the State of Criticism.” \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"font-style:italic;\" >Artforum\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"\" > 10, no. 7 (March 1972)\u003C\u002Fspan>","\u003Cspan style=\"\" >pp. 46 (fig. 12), 47, as \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"font-style:italic;\" >White Painting with Numbers\u003C\u002Fspan>",19720300,{"pk":70,"citation":71,"mentions":335,"year":73,"sort":74},"\u003Cspan style=\"\" >no. 2, pp. 31, 64, 64 (ill.)\u003C\u002Fspan>",{"pk":76,"citation":77,"mentions":337,"year":79,"sort":80},"\u003Cspan style=\"\" >p. 176 (no. 127)\u003C\u002Fspan>",{"pk":30,"citation":31,"mentions":339,"year":33,"sort":34},"\u003Cspan style=\"\" >pp. 52–53, 62, 208, as \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"font-style:italic;\" >White Painting with Numbers\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"\" >, p. 299, as\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"font-style:italic;\" > 22 The Lily White\u003C\u002Fspan>",{"pk":341,"citation":342,"mentions":343,"year":344,"sort":345},563,"\u003Cspan style=\"font-style:italic;\" >Robert Rauschenberg\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"\" >. London: Tate Gallery, 1981. Exhibition brochure\u003C\u002Fspan>","\u003Cspan style=\"\" >no. 2, n.p.\u003C\u002Fspan>",1981,19810000,{"pk":347,"citation":348,"mentions":349,"year":350,"sort":351},3972,"\u003Cspan style=\"\" >Bolmeier, Jane. “Response and Documentation: Aesthetic Inquiry Relevant to Selected Works of Robert Rauschenberg.” PhD diss., New York University, 1984. ProQuest (303303575)\u003C\u002Fspan>","\u003Cspan style=\"\" >pp. 1, 7–8, 45–46, 58, 59 (fig. 7), 60–65, 225, 261, 270–71\u003C\u002Fspan>",1984,19840000,{"pk":91,"citation":92,"mentions":353,"year":88,"sort":94},"\u003Cspan style=\"\" >pp. 126–28, 130 (fig. 5), 131\u003C\u002Fspan>",{"pk":355,"citation":356,"mentions":357,"year":99,"sort":358},66,"\u003Cspan style=\"font-style:italic;\" >Rauschenberg: The White and Black Paintings 1949–1952\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"\" >. New York: Larry Gagosian Gallery, 1986. Exhibition catalogue\u003C\u002Fspan>","\u003Cspan style=\"\" >n.p. (fig. 1)\u003C\u002Fspan>",19860000,{"pk":360,"citation":361,"mentions":362,"year":105,"sort":106},1195,"\u003Cspan style=\"\" >Hindry, Ann, ed. “1950–1957: The Ninth Street Show; Meeting with Rauschenberg.” In \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"font-style:italic;\" >Claude Berri rencontre Leo Castelli\u002FClaude Berri Meets Leo Castelli\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"\" >, pp. 25–30 (in French), pp. 85–88 (in English). Paris: Renn, 1990\u003C\u002Fspan>","\u003Cspan style=\"\" >pp. 28, 29 (ill.), 86\u003C\u002Fspan>",{"pk":102,"citation":103,"mentions":364,"year":105,"sort":106},"\u003Cspan style=\"\" >pp. 57, 64–66, 69–72, 78–79, 82, 89, 215, 488, n.p. (fig. 9)\u003C\u002Fspan>",{"pk":36,"citation":37,"mentions":366,"year":39,"sort":40},"\u003Cspan style=\"\" >pp. 26, 28–29, 31, 33, 44, 48 (pl. 13), 169\u003C\u002Fspan>",{"pk":368,"citation":369,"mentions":370,"year":119,"sort":120},82,"\u003Cspan style=\"font-style:italic;\" >Robert Rauschenberg: The 2nd Hiroshima Art Prize\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"\" >. Hiroshima: Hiroshima City Museum of Contemporary Art, 1993. Exhibition catalogue\u003C\u002Fspan>","\u003Cspan style=\"\" >pp. 36 (fig. 8), 41, as \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"font-style:italic;\" >White Painting with Numbers \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"\" >(not exhibited)\u003C\u002Fspan>",{"pk":122,"citation":123,"mentions":372,"year":119,"sort":120},"\u003Cspan style=\"\" >pp. vii, 25, 219\u003C\u002Fspan>",{"pk":374,"citation":375,"mentions":376,"year":377,"sort":378},503,"\u003Cspan style=\"\" >Hopps, Walter, and Susan Davidson. \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"font-style:italic;\" >Robert Rauschenberg: A Retrospective\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"\" >. New York: Solomon R. Guggenheim Foundation, 1997. Exhibition catalogue\u003C\u002Fspan>","\u003Cspan style=\"\" >no. 5, p. 49 (pl. 5)\u003C\u002Fspan>",1997,19970000,{"pk":380,"citation":381,"mentions":382,"year":377,"sort":378},1602,"\u003Cspan style=\"\" >Feinstein, Roni. “Robert Rauschenberg.” In \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"font-style:italic;\" >A Life of Collecting: Victor and Sally Ganz\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"\" >, edited by Michael Fitzgerald, pp. 136–57. New York: Christie’s, 1997\u003C\u002Fspan>","\u003Cspan style=\"\" >pp. 138–40, 140 (ill.), 141\u003C\u002Fspan>",{"pk":384,"citation":385,"mentions":386,"year":377,"sort":387},5154,"\u003Cspan style=\"\" >Bois, Yve-Alain. “Early Lead.” \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"font-style:italic;\" >Artforum \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"\" >36, no. 1 (September 1997)\u003C\u002Fspan>","\u003Cspan style=\"\" >p. 97, 97 (ill.)\u003C\u002Fspan>",19970900,{"pk":389,"citation":390,"mentions":391,"year":377,"sort":387},5192,"\u003Cspan style=\"\" >Richardson, John. “Rauschenberg’s Epic Vision.” \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"font-style:italic;\" >Vanity Fair\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"\" >, no. 445 (September 1997)\u003C\u002Fspan>","\u003Cspan style=\"\" >p. 322\u003C\u002Fspan>",{"pk":393,"citation":394,"mentions":395,"year":377,"sort":396},5218,"\u003Cspan style=\"\" >Tomkins, Calvin. “Master of Invention.” \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"font-style:italic;\" >New Yorker\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"\" > 73, no. 31 (October 13, 1997)\u003C\u002Fspan>","\u003Cspan style=\"\" >p. 92\u003C\u002Fspan>",19971013,{"pk":398,"citation":399,"mentions":400,"year":401,"sort":402},4249,"\u003Cspan style=\"\" >Doran, Anne, and Walter Hopps. “Robert Rauschenberg: Here Comes Everybody.” \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"font-style:italic;\" >Atlántica: Revista de las artes \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"\" >(Las Palmas, Spain), no. 21 (1998)\u003C\u002Fspan>","\u003Cspan style=\"\" >p. 153\u003C\u002Fspan>",1998,19980000,{"pk":126,"citation":127,"mentions":404,"year":129,"sort":130},"\u003Cspan style=\"\" >pp. 11 (no. 3), 34, 60\u003C\u002Fspan>",{"pk":406,"citation":407,"mentions":408,"year":409,"sort":410},104,"\u003Cspan style=\"\" >Steinberg, Leo. \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"font-style:italic;\" >Encounters with Rauschenberg (A Lavishly Illustrated Lecture)\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"\" >. Houston: Menil Collection; Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2000\u003C\u002Fspan>","\u003Cspan style=\"\" >p. 36, as \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"font-style:italic;\" >White Painting with Numbers,\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"\" > p. 37 (fig. 26), as \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"font-style:italic;\" >22 the Lily White\u003C\u002Fspan>",2000,20000000,{"pk":412,"citation":413,"mentions":414,"year":415,"sort":416},111,"\u003Cspan style=\"\" >Joseph, Branden W., ed. \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"font-style:italic;\" >Robert Rauschenberg\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"\" >.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"font-style:italic;\" > \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"\" >Cambridge, Mass.: MIT Press, 2002\u003C\u002Fspan>","\u003Cspan style=\"\" >p. 6 (ill.), as \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"font-style:italic;\" >22 The Lily White\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"\" >, pp. 28–29, as \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"font-style:italic;\" >White Painting with Numbers\u003C\u002Fspan>",2002,20020000,{"pk":418,"citation":419,"mentions":420,"year":421,"sort":422},432,"\u003Cspan style=\"\" >Schimmel, Paul. \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"font-style:italic;\" >Robert Rauschenberg: Combines\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"\" >. Los Angeles: Museum of Contemporary Art, 2005. Exhibition catalogue\u003C\u002Fspan>","\u003Cspan style=\"\" >pp. 249, 270, 270 (ill.) (not exhibited)\u003C\u002Fspan>",2005,20050000,{"pk":424,"citation":425,"mentions":426,"year":421,"sort":422},318,"\u003Cspan style=\"\" >Tomkins, Calvin. \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"font-style:italic;\" >Off the Wall: A Portrait of Robert Rauschenberg\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"\" >. New York: Picador, 2005\u003C\u002Fspan>","\u003Cspan style=\"\" >pp. 47, 56–57, 189, as \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"font-style:italic;\" >White Painting with Numbers\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"\" >,\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"font-style:italic;\" > \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"\" >p. 273,\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"font-style:italic;\" > \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"\" >as\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"font-style:italic;\" > 22 The Lily White\u003C\u002Fspan>",{"pk":428,"citation":429,"mentions":430,"year":431,"sort":432},408,"\u003Cspan style=\"\" >Hunter, Sam. \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"font-style:italic;\" >Robert Rauschenberg: Works, Writings and Interviews\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"\" >. Barcelona: Polígrafa, 2006\u003C\u002Fspan>","\u003Cspan style=\"\" >pp. 13 (ill.), 33, 51\u003C\u002Fspan>",2006,20060000,{"pk":434,"citation":435,"mentions":436,"year":431,"sort":432},152,"\u003Cspan style=\"\" >Pissarro, Joachim. \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"font-style:italic;\" >Cézanne\u002FPissarro, Johns\u002FRauschenberg: Comparative Studies on Intersubjectivity in Modern Art\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"\" >. New York: Cambridge University Press, 2006\u003C\u002Fspan>","\u003Cspan style=\"\" >pp. 20, 21 (fig. 5), 111, 123–24\u003C\u002Fspan>",{"pk":438,"citation":439,"mentions":440,"year":441,"sort":442},1783,"\u003Cspan style=\"\" >Robinson, Julia. “From Abstraction to Model: In the Event of George Brecht and the Conceptual Turn in the Art of the 1960s.” PhD diss., Princeton University, N.J., 2008\u003C\u002Fspan>","\u003Cspan style=\"\" >pp. 50–52, 358 (fig. 9)\u003C\u002Fspan>",2008,20080000,{"pk":444,"citation":445,"mentions":446,"year":146,"sort":447},1749,"\u003Cspan style=\"\" >Craft, Catherine. \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"font-style:italic;\" >Robert Rauschenberg\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"\" >. London: Phaidon, 2013\u003C\u002Fspan>","\u003Cspan style=\"\" >p. 14 (no. 8)\u003C\u002Fspan>",20130000,{"pk":144,"citation":145,"mentions":15,"year":146,"sort":147},{"pk":450,"citation":451,"mentions":452,"year":187,"sort":188},2227,"\u003Cspan style=\"\" >Krčma, Ed. \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"font-style:italic;\" >Robert Rauschenberg\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"\" >. London: Tate Publishing, 2016\u003C\u002Fspan>","\u003Cspan style=\"\" >p. 30 (fig. 22)\u003C\u002Fspan>",{"pk":454,"citation":455,"mentions":456,"year":187,"sort":188},3062,"\u003Cspan style=\"\" >Dickerman, Leah, and Achim Borchardt-Hume. \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"font-style:italic;\" >Robert Rauschenberg\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"\" >. New York: Museum of Modern Art; London: Tate Publishing, 2016. Exhibition catalogue\u003C\u002Fspan>","\u003Cspan style=\"\" >pp. 45 (pl. 6), 396\u003C\u002Fspan>",{"pk":458,"citation":459,"mentions":460,"year":187,"sort":461},2364,"\u003Cspan style=\"\" >Lobel, Michael. “Lost and Found.” \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"font-style:italic;\" >Artforum \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"\" >54 no. 6 (February 2016)\u003C\u002Fspan>","\u003Cspan style=\"\" >pp. 195 (ill.), 195–96\u003C\u002Fspan>",20160200,{"pk":149,"citation":150,"mentions":463,"year":152,"sort":153},"\u003Cspan style=\"\" >pp. 70–71, 71 (ill.)\u003C\u002Fspan>",{"pk":465,"citation":466,"mentions":467,"year":468,"sort":469},6256,"\u003Cspan style=\"\" >Stemmrich, Gregor. \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"font-style:italic;\" >Robert Rauschenberg’s “Erased de Kooning Drawing” (1953): Modernism, Literalism, Postmodernism\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"\" >. Translated by Steven Lindberg. Berlin: Hatje Cantz, 2023\u003C\u002Fspan>","\u003Cspan style=\"\" >pp. 95 (fig. 14), 138–39\u003C\u002Fspan>",2023,20230000,{"pk":471,"citation":472,"mentions":473,"year":474,"sort":475},6575,"\u003Cspan style=\"\" >Dziewior, Yilmaz, and Achim Hochdörfer, with Arthur Fink, eds. \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"font-style:italic;\" >Five Friends: John Cage, Merce Cunningham, Jasper Johns, Robert Rauschenberg, Cy Twombly.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"\" > Munich: Museum Brandhorst; Cologne: Museum Ludwig, 2025. Exhibition catalogue\u003C\u002Fspan>","\u003Cspan style=\"\" >pp. 33, 34 (fig. 1), 86 (not exhibited)\u003C\u002Fspan>",2025,20250000,[477,479,481,483,486,488,490,492,495,498,500,503,506],{"citation":156,"catalogue":478,"year":49},"(withdrawn early)",{"citation":480,"catalogue":15,"year":49},"\u003Cspan style=\"\" >60 East 9th Street, New York, \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"font-style:italic;\" >9th St. Exhibition of Paintings and Sculpture\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"\" >, May 21–June 10, 1951\u003C\u002Fspan>",{"citation":482,"catalogue":15,"year":271},"\u003Cspan style=\"\" >Thibaut Gallery, New York, \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"font-style:italic;\" >According to the Letter\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"\" >, January 15–February 9, 1963\u003C\u002Fspan>",{"citation":484,"catalogue":485,"year":271},"\u003Cspan style=\"\" >Jewish Museum, New York, \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"font-style:italic;\" >Robert Rauschenberg\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"\" >, March 31–May 12, 1963\u003C\u002Fspan>","no. 1",{"citation":487,"catalogue":15,"year":291},"\u003Cspan style=\"\" >Whitechapel Gallery, London, \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"font-style:italic;\" >Robert Rauschenberg: Paintings, Drawings and Combines 1949–1964\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"\" >, February 4–March 8, 1964\u003C\u002Fspan>",{"citation":489,"catalogue":485,"year":302},"\u003Cspan style=\"\" >Stedelijk Museum, Amsterdam, \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"font-style:italic;\" >Robert Rauschenberg\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"\" >, February 23–April 7, 1968. Traveled to Kölnischer Kunstverein, Cologne (as \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"font-style:italic;\" >Robert Rauschenberg: Werke 1949 bis 1968\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"\" >), April 19–May 26, 1968; Musée d’Art Moderne de la Ville de Paris (as \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"font-style:italic;\" >Robert Rauschenberg: \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"font-style:italic;text-transform: uppercase;\" >Œ\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"font-style:italic;\" >uvres de 1949 à 1968\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"\" >), October 10–November 10, 1968\u003C\u002Fspan>",{"citation":491,"catalogue":485,"year":315},"\u003Cspan style=\"\" >Fort Worth Art Center Museum, Texas, \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"font-style:italic;\" >Robert Rauschenberg: Selections\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"\" >, January 5–February 2, 1969\u003C\u002Fspan>",{"citation":493,"catalogue":494,"year":79},"\u003Cspan style=\"\" >National Collection of Fine Arts, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, D.C., \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"font-style:italic;\" >Robert Rauschenberg\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"\" >, October 30, 1976–January 2, 1977. Traveled to Museum of Modern Art, New York, March 25–May 17, 1977; San Francisco Museum of Modern Art, June 24–August 21, 1977; Albright-Knox Art Gallery, Buffalo, N.Y., September 25–October 30, 1977; Art Institute of Chicago, December 3, 1977–January 15, 1978\u003C\u002Fspan>","no. 2 (shown in Washington and New York only)",{"citation":496,"catalogue":497,"year":344},"\u003Cspan style=\"\" >Staatliche Kunsthalle Berlin, \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"font-style:italic;\" >Robert Rauschenberg: Werke 1950–1980\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"\" >, March 25–May 4, 1980. Traveled to Städtische Kunsthalle Düsseldorf and Kunstverein für die Rheinlande und Westfalen, Düsseldorf (as \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"font-style:italic;\" >Robert Rauschenberg\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"\" >), June 7–July 13, 1980; Louisiana Museum of Modern Art, Humlebæk, Denmark (as \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"font-style:italic;\" >Robert Rauschenberg\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"\" >), September 20–November 23, 1980; Städelsches Kunstinstitut und Städtische Galerie, Frankfurt, December 4, 1980–January 18, 1981; Städtische Galerie im Lenbachhaus, Munich, February 4–April 5, 1981; Tate Gallery, London (as \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"font-style:italic;\" >Robert Rauschenberg\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"\" >), April 29–June 14, 1981\u003C\u002Fspan>","(not in cat.; shown in London only)",{"citation":499,"catalogue":15,"year":99},"\u003Cspan style=\"\" >Larry Gagosian Gallery, New York, \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"font-style:italic;\" >Rauschenberg: The White and Black Paintings 1949–1952\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"\" >, April 18–May 31, 1986\u003C\u002Fspan>",{"citation":501,"catalogue":502,"year":119},"\u003Cspan style=\"\" >Corcoran Gallery of Art, Washington, D.C., \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"font-style:italic;\" >Robert Rauschenberg: The Early 1950s\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"\" >, June 15–August 11, 1991. Organized by Menil Collection, Houston. Traveled to Menil Collection, Houston, September 27, 1991–January 5, 1992; Museum of Contemporary Art Chicago, February 8–April 19, 1992; San Francisco Museum of Modern Art, May 14–August 16, 1992; Guggenheim Museum SoHo, New York, October 24, 1992–January 24, 1993\u003C\u002Fspan>","(shown in New York only)",{"citation":504,"catalogue":505,"year":129},"\u003Cspan style=\"\" >Solomon R. Guggenheim Museum, New York, \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"font-style:italic;\" >Robert Rauschenberg: A Retrospective\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"\" >, September 19, 1997–January 7, 1998 (also Guggenheim Museum SoHo, New York, September 19, 1997–January 4, 1998, and Ace Gallery, New York, September 19–November 9, 1997). Traveled to Menil Collection, Contemporary Arts Museum Houston, and Museum of Fine Arts, Houston, February 13–May 17, 1998; Museum Ludwig, Cologne (as \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"font-style:italic;\" >Robert Rauschenberg: Retrospektive\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"\" >), June 27–October 11, 1998; Museo Guggenheim Bilbao (as \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"font-style:italic;\" >Robert Rauschenberg: Retrospectiva\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"\" >), November 21, 1998–March 7, 1999\u003C\u002Fspan>","no. 5 (shown in New York only)",{"citation":507,"catalogue":15,"year":152},"\u003Cspan style=\"\" >Tate Modern, London, \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"font-style:italic;\" >Robert Rauschenberg\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"\" >, December 1, 2016–April 2, 2017. Organized with Museum of Modern Art, New York. Traveled to Museum of Modern Art, New York (as \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"font-style:italic;\" >Robert Rauschenberg: Among Friends\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"\" >), May 21–September 17, 2017; San Francisco Museum of Modern Art (as \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"font-style:italic;\" >Robert Rauschenberg: Erasing the Rules\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"\" >), November 18, 2017–March 25, 2018\u003C\u002Fspan>","14 22 the lily white ca. 1950–51 oil and crayon on canvas 39 5\u002F8 × 23 7\u002F8 in. (100.6 × 60.6 cm) collection of nancy ganz wright and alton wright 50.001 inscribed on relined canvas, upper center: rauschenberg \u002F wht. painting with numbers \u002F 1949 white painting with numbers victor and sally ganz, new york, purchase from the artist, october 1, 1966 estate of victor ganz, 1987 nancy ganz wright, acquired from above, 1989 nancy ganz wright and alton wright, 2025 1950 1950 solomon, alan r. robert rauschenberg . new york: jewish museum, 1963. exhibition catalogue no. 1, n.p. as white painting (with numbers) , n.p. (ill.) as white painting judd, donald. "in the galleries: according to the letter." arts magazine (new york) 37, no. 6 (march 1963) p. 65 fried, michael. “new york letter.” art international (lugano, switzerland) 7, no. 3 (march 1963) p. 52, as asl, ny johnston, jill. “reviews and previews: robert rauschenberg.” artnews 62, no. 3 (may 1963) p. 11, as white painting robert rauschenberg: paintings, drawings and combines 1949–1964 . london: whitechapel gallery, 1964. exhibition catalogue n.p. (no. 1), as white painting with numbers tomkins, calvin. “profiles: moving out.” new yorker 40, no. 2 (february 29, 1964) p. 54 robert rauschenberg . amsterdam: stedelijk museum, 1968. exhibition catalogue no. 1, pp. 17 (ill.), 59–60, 63–64, 67, as white painting with numbers robert rauschenberg: selections . fort worth, texas: fort worth art center museum, 1968. exhibition catalogue no. 1, n.p. (ill.), as white painting (numbers) robert rauschenberg: œ uvres de 1949 à 1968 . paris: musée d’art moderne de la ville de paris, 1968. exhibition brochure no. 1, n.p., as white painting with numbers forge, andrew. rauschenberg . new york: harry n. abrams, [1969] pp. 33, 35, 172 (ill.), as white painting with numbers tōno, yoshiaki. “robert rauschenberg: his autobiography with annotations.” bijutsu techo (tokyo) 22, no. 326 (april 1970) p. 87 (ill.), as white painting with numbers forge, andrew. rauschenberg . new york: harry n. abrams, [1972] pp. 9–10, n.p. (pl. 1), n.p., as white painting with numbers steinberg, leo. “reflections on the state of criticism.” artforum 10, no. 7 (march 1972) pp. 46 (fig. 12), 47, as white painting with numbers robert rauschenberg . washington, d.c.: national collection of fine arts, smithsonian institution, 1976. exhibition catalogue no. 2, pp. 31, 64, 64 (ill.) sandler, irving. “rauschenberg and johns.” in the new york school: the painters and sculptors of the fifties , by irving sandler, pp. 174–95. new york: harper & row, 1978 p. 176 (no. 127) tomkins, calvin.  off the wall: robert rauschenberg and the art world of our time . garden city, n.y.: doubleday, 1980 pp. 52–53, 62, 208, as white painting with numbers , p. 299, as 22 the lily white robert rauschenberg . london: tate gallery, 1981. exhibition brochure no. 2, n.p. bolmeier, jane. “response and documentation: aesthetic inquiry relevant to selected works of robert rauschenberg.” phd diss., new york university, 1984. proquest (303303575) pp. 1, 7–8, 45–46, 58, 59 (fig. 7), 60–65, 225, 261, 270–71 feinstein, roni. “the unknown early robert rauschenberg: the betty parsons exhibition of 1951.” arts magazine (new york) 59, no. 5 (january 1985) pp. 126–28, 130 (fig. 5), 131 rauschenberg: the white and black paintings 1949–1952 . new york: larry gagosian gallery, 1986. exhibition catalogue n.p. (fig. 1) hindry, ann, ed. “1950–1957: the ninth street show; meeting with rauschenberg.” in claude berri rencontre leo castelli\u002Fclaude berri meets leo castelli , pp. 25–30 (in french), pp. 85–88 (in english). paris: renn, 1990 pp. 28, 29 (ill.), 86 feinstein, roni. “random order: the first fifteen years of robert rauschenberg’s art, 1949–1964.” phd diss., new york university, 1990. proquest (303859753) pp. 57, 64–66, 69–72, 78–79, 82, 89, 215, 488, n.p. (fig. 9) hopps, walter. robert rauschenberg: the early 1950s . houston: menil collection; houston fine art press, 1991. exhibition catalogue pp. 26, 28–29, 31, 33, 44, 48 (pl. 13), 169 robert rauschenberg: the 2nd hiroshima art prize . hiroshima: hiroshima city museum of contemporary art, 1993. exhibition catalogue pp. 36 (fig. 8), 41, as white painting with numbers (not exhibited) wainwright, lisa. “reading junk: thematic imagery in the art of robert rauschenberg from 1952 to 1964.” phd diss., university of illinois, urbana-champaign, 1993. proquest (304050074) pp. vii, 25, 219 hopps, walter, and susan davidson. robert rauschenberg: a retrospective . new york: solomon r. guggenheim foundation, 1997. exhibition catalogue no. 5, p. 49 (pl. 5) feinstein, roni. “robert rauschenberg.” in a life of collecting: victor and sally ganz , edited by michael fitzgerald, pp. 136–57. new york: christie’s, 1997 pp. 138–40, 140 (ill.), 141 bois, yve-alain. “early lead.” artforum 36, no. 1 (september 1997) p. 97, 97 (ill.) richardson, john. “rauschenberg’s epic vision.” vanity fair , no. 445 (september 1997) p. 322 tomkins, calvin. “master of invention.” new yorker 73, no. 31 (october 13, 1997) p. 92 doran, anne, and walter hopps. “robert rauschenberg: here comes everybody.” atlántica: revista de las artes (las palmas, spain), no. 21 (1998) p. 153 hunter, sam. robert rauschenberg . new york: rizzoli, 1999 pp. 11 (no. 3), 34, 60 steinberg, leo.  encounters with rauschenberg (a lavishly illustrated lecture) . houston: menil collection; chicago: university of chicago press, 2000 p. 36, as white painting with numbers, p. 37 (fig. 26), as 22 the lily white joseph, branden w., ed.  robert rauschenberg .   cambridge, mass.: mit press, 2002 p. 6 (ill.), as 22 the lily white , pp. 28–29, as white painting with numbers schimmel, paul. robert rauschenberg: combines . los angeles: museum of contemporary art, 2005. exhibition catalogue pp. 249, 270, 270 (ill.) (not exhibited) tomkins, calvin. off the wall: a portrait of robert rauschenberg . new york: picador, 2005 pp. 47, 56–57, 189, as white painting with numbers , p. 273, as 22 the lily white hunter, sam. robert rauschenberg: works, writings and interviews . barcelona: polígrafa, 2006 pp. 13 (ill.), 33, 51 pissarro, joachim.  cézanne\u002Fpissarro, johns\u002Frauschenberg: comparative studies on intersubjectivity in modern art . new york: cambridge university press, 2006 pp. 20, 21 (fig. 5), 111, 123–24 robinson, julia. “from abstraction to model: in the event of george brecht and the conceptual turn in the art of the 1960s.” phd diss., princeton university, n.j., 2008 pp. 50–52, 358 (fig. 9) craft, catherine.  robert rauschenberg . london: phaidon, 2013 p. 14 (no. 8) davidson, susan. “mother of god.” rauschenberg research project, san francisco museum of modern art, july 2013 krčma, ed. robert rauschenberg . london: tate publishing, 2016 p. 30 (fig. 22) dickerman, leah, and achim borchardt-hume. robert rauschenberg . new york: museum of modern art; london: tate publishing, 2016. exhibition catalogue pp. 45 (pl. 6), 396 lobel, michael. “lost and found.” artforum 54 no. 6 (february 2016) pp. 195 (ill.), 195–96 kotz, mary lynn. rauschenberg: art and life . 3rd ed. new york: harry n. abrams, 2018 pp. 70–71, 71 (ill.) stemmrich, gregor. robert rauschenberg’s “erased de kooning drawing” (1953): modernism, literalism, postmodernism . translated by steven lindberg. berlin: hatje cantz, 2023 pp. 95 (fig. 14), 138–39 dziewior, yilmaz, and achim hochdörfer, with arthur fink, eds. five friends: john cage, merce cunningham, jasper johns, robert rauschenberg, cy twombly. munich: museum brandhorst; cologne: museum ludwig, 2025. exhibition catalogue pp. 33, 34 (fig. 1), 86 (not exhibited) betty parsons gallery, new york, paintings by bob rauschenberg , may 14–june 2, 1951 (withdrawn early) 60 east 9th street, new york, 9th st. exhibition of paintings and sculpture , may 21–june 10, 1951 thibaut gallery, new york, according to the letter , january 15–february 9, 1963 jewish museum, new york, robert rauschenberg , march 31–may 12, 1963 no. 1 whitechapel gallery, london, robert rauschenberg: paintings, drawings and combines 1949–1964 , february 4–march 8, 1964 stedelijk museum, amsterdam, robert rauschenberg , february 23–april 7, 1968. traveled to kölnischer kunstverein, cologne (as robert rauschenberg: werke 1949 bis 1968 ), april 19–may 26, 1968; musée d’art moderne de la ville de paris (as robert rauschenberg: œ uvres de 1949 à 1968 ), october 10–november 10, 1968 no. 1 fort worth art center museum, texas, robert rauschenberg: selections , january 5–february 2, 1969 no. 1 national collection of fine arts, smithsonian institution, washington, d.c., robert rauschenberg , october 30, 1976–january 2, 1977. traveled to museum of modern art, new york, march 25–may 17, 1977; san francisco museum of modern art, june 24–august 21, 1977; albright-knox art gallery, buffalo, n.y., september 25–october 30, 1977; art institute of chicago, december 3, 1977–january 15, 1978 no. 2 (shown in washington and new york only) staatliche kunsthalle berlin, robert rauschenberg: werke 1950–1980 , march 25–may 4, 1980. traveled to städtische kunsthalle düsseldorf and kunstverein für die rheinlande und westfalen, düsseldorf (as robert rauschenberg ), june 7–july 13, 1980; louisiana museum of modern art, humlebæk, denmark (as robert rauschenberg ), september 20–november 23, 1980; städelsches kunstinstitut und städtische galerie, frankfurt, december 4, 1980–january 18, 1981; städtische galerie im lenbachhaus, munich, february 4–april 5, 1981; tate gallery, london (as robert rauschenberg ), april 29–june 14, 1981 (not in cat.; shown in london only) larry gagosian gallery, new york, rauschenberg: the white and black paintings 1949–1952 , april 18–may 31, 1986 corcoran gallery of art, washington, d.c., robert rauschenberg: the early 1950s , june 15–august 11, 1991. organized by menil collection, houston. traveled to menil collection, houston, september 27, 1991–january 5, 1992; museum of contemporary art chicago, february 8–april 19, 1992; san francisco museum of modern art, may 14–august 16, 1992; guggenheim museum soho, new york, october 24, 1992–january 24, 1993 (shown in new york only) solomon r. guggenheim museum, new york, robert rauschenberg: a retrospective , september 19, 1997–january 7, 1998 (also guggenheim museum soho, new york, september 19, 1997–january 4, 1998, and ace gallery, new york, september 19–november 9, 1997). traveled to menil collection, contemporary arts museum houston, and museum of fine arts, houston, february 13–may 17, 1998; museum ludwig, cologne (as robert rauschenberg: retrospektive ), june 27–october 11, 1998; museo guggenheim bilbao (as robert rauschenberg: retrospectiva ), november 21, 1998–march 7, 1999 no. 5 (shown in new york only) tate modern, london, robert rauschenberg , december 1, 2016–april 2, 2017. organized with museum of modern art, new york. traveled to museum of modern art, new york (as robert rauschenberg: among friends ), may 21–september 17, 2017; san francisco museum of modern art (as robert rauschenberg: erasing the rules ), november 18, 2017–march 25, 2018",{"fieldData":510,"portalData":527,"recordId":528,"modId":529,"bibliographyItems":530,"exhibitionItems":563,"searchText":574},{"pk_ArtworkID":412,"Unique Impression ID":511,"Artist":9,"Title":197,"Display Date":512,"zc_YearFirst":211,"Medium":513,"Dimensions":514,"zf_WebPublished":15,"Series":15,"Reg Number Text":511,"fk_ArtworkSeriesID":15,"zc_htmlTitle":201,"Credit Line":515,"zc_htmlCreditLine":516,"CR_Inscriptions":517,"zc_htmlCRInscriptions":518,"TItle_Alternative":519,"zc_htmlTitleAlternative":520,"Studio":172,"fk_StudioID":173,"CR_Classification":19,"Public Notes":15,"CR_Provenance":521,"zc_SortRegNo":258,"zc_SortRegNo2":21,"zc_htmlCRPublicNotes":15,"zc_htmlCRProvenance":522,"zc_CR_examDate":523,"CR_followup":524,"zf_CR":22,"modificationTimestampAPI":525,"cr_sequence_number":526,"Search Year Start":211,"Search Year Start Circa":15,"Search Year End":211,"Search Year End Circa":15,"Year":512,"CR Number":526,"zf_CRpublished":22,"zf_nonextant":15},"50.002","1950","Oil on fiberboard","26 3\u002F8 × 35 7\u002F8 in. (66.9 × 91.1 cm)","Hirshhorn Museum and Sculpture Garden, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, D.C., Gift of Joseph H. Hirshhorn, 1966 (66.4188)","\u003Cspan style=\"\" >Hirshhorn Museum and Sculpture Garden, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, D.C., Gift of Joseph H. Hirshhorn, 1966 (66.4188)\u003C\u002Fspan>","Inscribed, upper left: RAUSCHENBERG [incised]; lower center: 50 [incised]","\u003Cspan style=\"\" >Inscribed, upper left: \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"font-style:italic;\" >RAUSCHENBERG\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"\" > [incised]; lower center: \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"font-style:italic;\" >50\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"\" > [incised]\u003C\u002Fspan>","Basketball Court","\u003Cspan style=\"font-style:italic;\" >Basketball Court\u003C\u002Fspan>","[Knox Martin, New York, deposit by the artist, ca. 1951]\rOscar Krasner Gallery, New York, purchase, by March 1964\rJoseph H. Hirshhorn, New York, purchase, March 2, 1964\rHirshhorn Museum and Sculpture Garden, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, D.C., gift, 1966","\u003Cspan style=\"\" >[Knox Martin, New York, deposit by the artist, ca. 1951]\u003Cbr\u002F>Oscar Krasner Gallery, New York, purchase, by March 1964\u003Cbr\u002F>Joseph H. Hirshhorn, New York, purchase, March 2, 1964\u003Cbr\u002F>Hirshhorn Museum and Sculpture Garden, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, D.C., gift, 1966\u003C\u002Fspan>","05\u002F08\u002F2023","5\u002F8\u002F2023","07\u002F23\u002F2026 10:34:44",10,{},"14","507",[531,536,541,543,545,547,552,557],{"pk":532,"citation":533,"mentions":534,"year":33,"sort":535},6193,"\u003Cspan style=\"\" >Rickey, Carrie. “While Eisenhower Slept.” \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"font-style:italic;\" >Village Voice\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"\" >, August 6–12, 1980\u003C\u002Fspan>","\u003Cspan style=\"\" >p. 66, as \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"font-style:italic;\" >Basketball Court\u003C\u002Fspan>",19800806,{"pk":537,"citation":538,"mentions":539,"year":33,"sort":540},6192,"\u003Cspan style=\"\" >Smith, Roberta. “Report from Washington: The ’50s Revisited, Not Revised.” \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"font-style:italic;\" >Art in America\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"\" > 68, no. 9 (November 1980)\u003C\u002Fspan>","\u003Cspan style=\"\" >p. 49, 49 (ill.), as \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"font-style:italic;\" >Basketball Court\u003C\u002Fspan>",19801100,{"pk":91,"citation":92,"mentions":542,"year":88,"sort":94},"\u003Cspan style=\"\" >p. 131, as \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"font-style:italic;\" >Basketball Court\u003C\u002Fspan>",{"pk":102,"citation":103,"mentions":544,"year":105,"sort":106},"\u003Cspan style=\"\" >pp. 56, 82, n.p. (fig. 4), as \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"font-style:italic;\" >Basketball Court\u003C\u002Fspan>",{"pk":36,"citation":37,"mentions":546,"year":39,"sort":40},"\u003Cspan style=\"\" >pp. 32, 47 (pl. 12)\u003C\u002Fspan>",{"pk":548,"citation":549,"mentions":550,"year":39,"sort":551},5075,"\u003Cspan style=\"\" >Ennis, Michael. “A Protean Talent.” \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"font-style:italic;\" >Texas Monthly\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"\" > 19, no. 11 (November 1991)\u003C\u002Fspan>","\u003Cspan style=\"\" >p. 82\u003C\u002Fspan>",19911100,{"pk":553,"citation":554,"mentions":555,"year":113,"sort":556},5086,"\u003Cspan style=\"\" >Bonetti, David. “Rauschenberg: ’50s Fervor at SFMOMA.”\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"font-style:italic;\" > San Francisco Examiner\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"\" >, May 14, 1992\u003C\u002Fspan>","\u003Cspan style=\"\" >sec. B, p. 6\u003C\u002Fspan>",19920514,{"pk":558,"citation":559,"mentions":560,"year":561,"sort":562},2087,"\u003Cspan style=\"\" >Molesworth, Helen, with Ruth Erickson. \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"font-style:italic;\" >Leap Before You Look: Black Mountain College, 1933–1957\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"\" >. Boston: Institute of Contemporary Art; New Haven, Conn.: Yale University Press, 2015. Exhibition catalogue\u003C\u002Fspan>","\u003Cspan style=\"\" >p. 309 (ill.)\u003C\u002Fspan>",2015,20150000,[564,567,568,571],{"citation":565,"catalogue":566,"year":33},"\u003Cspan style=\"\" >Hirshhorn Museum and Sculpture Garden, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, D.C., \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"font-style:italic;\" >The Fifties: Aspects of Painting in New York\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"\" >, May 22–September 21, 1980\u003C\u002Fspan>","(not in cat.)",{"citation":501,"catalogue":15,"year":119},{"citation":569,"catalogue":570,"year":146},"\u003Cspan style=\"\" >Hirshhorn Museum and Sculpture Garden, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, D.C., \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"font-style:italic;\" >Dark Matters: Selections from the Collection\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"\" >, February 3, 2012–January 6, 2013\u003C\u002Fspan>","(installed late)",{"citation":572,"catalogue":15,"year":573},"\u003Cspan style=\"\" >Institute of Contemporary Art, Boston, \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"font-style:italic;\" >Leap Before You Look: Black Mountain College, 1933–1957\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"\" >, October 10, 2015–January 24, 2016. Traveled to Hammer Museum, University of California, Los Angeles, February 21–May 15, 2016; Wexner Center for the Arts, Ohio State University, Columbus, September 17, 2016–January 1, 2017\u003C\u002Fspan>",2017,"10 untitled 1950 oil on fiberboard 26 3\u002F8 × 35 7\u002F8 in. (66.9 × 91.1 cm) hirshhorn museum and sculpture garden, smithsonian institution, washington, d.c., gift of joseph h. hirshhorn, 1966 (66.4188) 50.002 inscribed, upper left: rauschenberg [incised]; lower center: 50 [incised] basketball court [knox martin, new york, deposit by the artist, ca. 1951] oscar krasner gallery, new york, purchase, by march 1964 joseph h. hirshhorn, new york, purchase, march 2, 1964 hirshhorn museum and sculpture garden, smithsonian institution, washington, d.c., gift, 1966 1950 1950 rickey, carrie. “while eisenhower slept.” village voice , august 6–12, 1980 p. 66, as basketball court smith, roberta. “report from washington: the ’50s revisited, not revised.” art in america 68, no. 9 (november 1980) p. 49, 49 (ill.), as basketball court feinstein, roni. “the unknown early robert rauschenberg: the betty parsons exhibition of 1951.” arts magazine (new york) 59, no. 5 (january 1985) p. 131, as basketball court feinstein, roni. “random order: the first fifteen years of robert rauschenberg’s art, 1949–1964.” phd diss., new york university, 1990. proquest (303859753) pp. 56, 82, n.p. (fig. 4), as basketball court hopps, walter. robert rauschenberg: the early 1950s . houston: menil collection; houston fine art press, 1991. exhibition catalogue pp. 32, 47 (pl. 12) ennis, michael. “a protean talent.” texas monthly 19, no. 11 (november 1991) p. 82 bonetti, david. “rauschenberg: ’50s fervor at sfmoma.” san francisco examiner , may 14, 1992 sec. b, p. 6 molesworth, helen, with ruth erickson. leap before you look: black mountain college, 1933–1957 . boston: institute of contemporary art; new haven, conn.: yale university press, 2015. exhibition catalogue p. 309 (ill.) hirshhorn museum and sculpture garden, smithsonian institution, washington, d.c., the fifties: aspects of painting in new york , may 22–september 21, 1980 (not in cat.) corcoran gallery of art, washington, d.c., robert rauschenberg: the early 1950s , june 15–august 11, 1991. organized by menil collection, houston. traveled to menil collection, houston, september 27, 1991–january 5, 1992; museum of contemporary art chicago, february 8–april 19, 1992; san francisco museum of modern art, may 14–august 16, 1992; guggenheim museum soho, new york, october 24, 1992–january 24, 1993 hirshhorn museum and sculpture garden, smithsonian institution, washington, d.c., dark matters: selections from the collection , february 3, 2012–january 6, 2013 (installed late) institute of contemporary art, boston, leap before you look: black mountain college, 1933–1957 , october 10, 2015–january 24, 2016. traveled to hammer museum, university of california, los angeles, february 21–may 15, 2016; wexner center for the arts, ohio state university, columbus, september 17, 2016–january 1, 2017",{"fieldData":576,"portalData":592,"recordId":593,"modId":594,"bibliographyItems":595,"exhibitionItems":701,"searchText":716},{"pk_ArtworkID":577,"Unique Impression ID":578,"Artist":9,"Title":579,"Display Date":580,"zc_YearFirst":49,"Medium":581,"Dimensions":582,"zf_WebPublished":22,"Series":15,"Reg Number Text":578,"fk_ArtworkSeriesID":15,"zc_htmlTitle":583,"Credit Line":584,"zc_htmlCreditLine":585,"CR_Inscriptions":15,"zc_htmlCRInscriptions":15,"TItle_Alternative":15,"zc_htmlTitleAlternative":15,"Studio":54,"fk_StudioID":55,"CR_Classification":19,"Public Notes":15,"CR_Provenance":586,"zc_SortRegNo":258,"zc_SortRegNo2":21,"zc_htmlCRPublicNotes":15,"zc_htmlCRProvenance":587,"zc_CR_examDate":588,"CR_followup":15,"zf_CR":22,"modificationTimestampAPI":589,"cr_sequence_number":590,"Search Year Start":49,"Search Year Start Circa":15,"Search Year End":49,"Search Year End Circa":15,"Year":580,"CR Number":591,"zf_CRpublished":22,"zf_nonextant":15},112,"50.003","Mother of God","1951","Oil, printed paper, and newspaper on Masonite","48 × 32 1\u002F8 in. (121.9 × 81.5 cm)","\u003Cspan style=\"font-style:italic;\" >Mother of God\u003C\u002Fspan>","San Francisco Museum of Modern Art and private collection, Fractional purchase through a gift of Phyllis C. Wattis and promised gift of an anonymous donor (98.299)","\u003Cspan style=\"\" >San Francisco Museum of Modern Art and private collection, Fractional purchase through a gift of Phyllis C. Wattis and promised gift of an anonymous donor (98.299)\u003C\u002Fspan>","[Knox Martin, New York, deposit by the artist, ca. 1951]\rRobert Rauschenberg, purchase, by 1980\rSan Francisco Museum of Modern Art and private collection, purchase, 1998 (via PaceWildenstein, New York); promised gift of private collection's share to San Francisco Museum of Modern Art","\u003Cspan style=\"\" >[Knox Martin, New York, deposit by the artist, ca. 1951]\u003Cbr\u002F>Robert Rauschenberg, purchase, by 1980\u003Cbr\u002F>San Francisco Museum of Modern Art and private collection, purchase, 1998 (via PaceWildenstein, New York); promised gift of private collection's share to San Francisco Museum of Modern Art\u003C\u002Fspan>","01\u002F23\u002F2024","09\u002F29\u002F2026 11:56:58",29,17,{},"15","588",[596,601,603,605,606,608,610,615,620,621,623,628,633,635,641,646,648,650,655,659,664,666,670,672,678,679,683,685,687,690,692,693,699],{"pk":597,"citation":598,"mentions":599,"year":49,"sort":600},4401,"\u003Cspan style=\"\" >Seckler, Dorothy Gees. “Reviews and Previews: Robert Rauschenberg.” \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"font-style:italic;\" >Artnews\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"\" > 50, no. 3 (May 1951)\u003C\u002Fspan>","\u003Cspan style=\"\" >p. 59\u003C\u002Fspan>",19510500,{"pk":70,"citation":71,"mentions":602,"year":73,"sort":74},"\u003Cspan style=\"\" >p. 31 (not exhibited)\u003C\u002Fspan>",{"pk":91,"citation":92,"mentions":604,"year":88,"sort":94},"\u003Cspan style=\"\" >pp. 127, 130 (fig. 4)\u003C\u002Fspan>",{"pk":96,"citation":97,"mentions":98,"year":99,"sort":100},{"pk":102,"citation":103,"mentions":607,"year":105,"sort":106},"\u003Cspan style=\"\" >pp. 59, 89, as \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"font-style:italic;\" >Mother of God\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"\" >, pp. 62–64, n.p. (fig. 8), as \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"font-style:italic;\" >Untitled\u003C\u002Fspan>",{"pk":36,"citation":37,"mentions":609,"year":39,"sort":40},"\u003Cspan style=\"\" >pp. 28–30, 44, 49 (pl. 14)\u003C\u002Fspan>",{"pk":611,"citation":612,"mentions":613,"year":39,"sort":614},5064,"\u003Cspan style=\"\" >Lewis, Jo Ann. “Rauschenberg, Bright and Early.” \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"font-style:italic;\" >Washington Post\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"\" >, June 15, 1991\u003C\u002Fspan>","\u003Cspan style=\"\" >sec. C, p. 8\u003C\u002Fspan>",19910615,{"pk":616,"citation":617,"mentions":618,"year":39,"sort":619},5067,"\u003Cspan style=\"\" >Smith, Roberta. “Robert Rauschenberg, at Home and Abroad.” \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"font-style:italic;\" >New York Times\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"\" >, August 6, 1991\u003C\u002Fspan>","\u003Cspan style=\"\" >sec. C, pp. 11 (ill.), 16\u003C\u002Fspan>",19910806,{"pk":548,"citation":549,"mentions":550,"year":39,"sort":551},{"pk":110,"citation":111,"mentions":622,"year":113,"sort":114},"\u003Cspan style=\"\" >pp. 275–76, 469 (fig. 116)\u003C\u002Fspan>",{"pk":624,"citation":625,"mentions":626,"year":113,"sort":627},5081,"\u003Cspan style=\"\" >Camper, Fred. “The Unordered Universe.” \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"font-style:italic;\" >Reader \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"\" >(Chicago), March 27, 1992\u003C\u002Fspan>","\u003Cspan style=\"\" >sec. 1, p. 31\u003C\u002Fspan>",19920327,{"pk":629,"citation":630,"mentions":631,"year":113,"sort":632},5082,"\u003Cspan style=\"\" >Colpitt, Frances. “Rauschenberg: In the Beginning.” \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"font-style:italic;\" >Art in America\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"\" > 80, no. 4 (April 1992)\u003C\u002Fspan>","\u003Cspan style=\"\" >pp. 126 (ill.), 127\u003C\u002Fspan>",19920400,{"pk":122,"citation":123,"mentions":634,"year":119,"sort":120},"\u003Cspan style=\"\" >pp. ix, 62, 64–65\u003C\u002Fspan>",{"pk":636,"citation":637,"mentions":638,"year":639,"sort":640},1548,"\u003Cspan style=\"\" >Phillips, Lisa. \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"font-style:italic;\" >Beat Culture and the New America: 1950–1965\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"\" >. New York: Whitney Museum of American Art; Paris: Flammarion, 1995. Exhibition catalogue\u003C\u002Fspan>","\u003Cspan style=\"\" >pp. 51 (ill.), 275\u003C\u002Fspan>",1995,19950000,{"pk":642,"citation":643,"mentions":613,"year":644,"sort":645},5735,"\u003Cspan style=\"\" >Holt, Patricia. “The Beats Go On at de Young.” \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"font-style:italic;\" >San Francisco Chronicle\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"\" >, October 4, 1996\u003C\u002Fspan>",1996,19961004,{"pk":374,"citation":375,"mentions":647,"year":377,"sort":378},"\u003Cspan style=\"\" >no. 7, pp. 35, 44, 51 (pl. 7)\u003C\u002Fspan>",{"pk":384,"citation":385,"mentions":649,"year":377,"sort":387},"\u003Cspan style=\"\" >p. 97\u003C\u002Fspan>",{"pk":651,"citation":652,"mentions":653,"year":401,"sort":654},5256,"\u003Cspan style=\"\" >Wainwright, Lisa. “Rauschenberg’s American Voodoo.” \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"font-style:italic;\" >New Art Examiner \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"\" >25, no. 8 (May 1998)\u003C\u002Fspan>","\u003Cspan style=\"\" >pp. 30–31\u003C\u002Fspan>",19980500,{"pk":656,"citation":657,"mentions":658,"year":129,"sort":130},312,"\u003Cspan style=\"\" >Jäger, Joachim. \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"font-style:italic;\" >Das zivilisierte Bild: Robert Rauschenberg und seine Combine-Paintings der Jahre 1960–1962\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"\" >. Klagenfurt, Austria: Ritter, 1999\u003C\u002Fspan>","\u003Cspan style=\"\" >p. 112\u003C\u002Fspan>",{"pk":660,"citation":661,"mentions":662,"year":409,"sort":663},826,"\u003Cspan style=\"\" >Joseph, Branden W. “White on White.” \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"font-style:italic;\" >Critical Inquiry\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"\" > 27, no. 1 (Autumn 2000)\u003C\u002Fspan>","\u003Cspan style=\"\" >pp. 90–91\u003C\u002Fspan>",20000900,{"pk":132,"citation":133,"mentions":665,"year":135,"sort":136},"\u003Cspan style=\"\" >pp. 26, 27 (ill.)\u003C\u002Fspan>",{"pk":667,"citation":668,"mentions":669,"year":135,"sort":136},1364,"\u003Cspan style=\"\" >Mattison, Robert S. \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"font-style:italic;\" >Robert Rauschenberg: Breaking Boundaries\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"\" >. New Haven, Conn.: Yale University Press, 2003\u003C\u002Fspan>","\u003Cspan style=\"\" >pp. 62, 256\u003C\u002Fspan>",{"pk":438,"citation":439,"mentions":671,"year":441,"sort":442},"\u003Cspan style=\"\" >pp. 51, 358 (fig. 10)\u003C\u002Fspan>",{"pk":673,"citation":674,"mentions":675,"year":676,"sort":677},470,"\u003Cspan style=\"\" >Bishop, Janet, Corey Keller, and Sarah Roberts, eds. \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"font-style:italic;\" >San Francisco Museum of Modern Art: 75 Years of Looking Forward\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"\" >. San Francisco: San Francisco Museum of Modern Art, 2009. Exhibition catalogue\u003C\u002Fspan>","\u003Cspan style=\"\" >pp. 145–46, 146 (pl. 109), 151, 432\u003C\u002Fspan>",2009,20090000,{"pk":138,"citation":139,"mentions":140,"year":141,"sort":142},{"pk":680,"citation":681,"mentions":682,"year":141,"sort":142},6630,"\u003Cspan style=\"\" >Delfiner, Judith. \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"font-style:italic;\" >Double-Barrelled Gun: Dada aux États-Unis (1947–1957)\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"\" >. Dijon: Les Presses du Réel, 2011\u003C\u002Fspan>","\u003Cspan style=\"\" >pp. 143, 145 (fig. 12), 146\u003C\u002Fspan>",{"pk":444,"citation":445,"mentions":684,"year":146,"sort":447},"\u003Cspan style=\"\" >pp. 10, 15 (no. 9)\u003C\u002Fspan>",{"pk":144,"citation":145,"mentions":686,"year":146,"sort":147},"\u003Cspan style=\"\" >(figs. 1, 3 [detail], 4 [detail], 5 [detail])\u003C\u002Fspan>",{"pk":688,"citation":689,"mentions":15,"year":146,"sort":147},6183,"\u003Cspan style=\"\" >Roberts, Sarah. “White Painting [three panel].” Rauschenberg Research Project, San Francisco Museum of Modern Art, July 2013\u003C\u002Fspan>",{"pk":454,"citation":455,"mentions":691,"year":187,"sort":188},"\u003Cspan style=\"\" >p. 44 (pl. 5)\u003C\u002Fspan>",{"pk":149,"citation":150,"mentions":151,"year":152,"sort":153},{"pk":694,"citation":695,"mentions":696,"year":697,"sort":698},3008,"\u003Cspan style=\"\" >Sinclair, Sara, with Mary Marshall Clark and Peter Bearman, eds.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"font-style:italic;\" > Robert Rauschenberg: An Oral History\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"\" >. New York: Columbia University Press, 2019\u003C\u002Fspan>","\u003Cspan style=\"\" >n.p. (fig. 1), p. 180\u003C\u002Fspan>",2019,20190000,{"pk":465,"citation":466,"mentions":700,"year":468,"sort":469},"\u003Cspan style=\"\" >pp. 94 (fig. 11), 136–38\u003C\u002Fspan>",[702,703,704,706,708,710,712,714],{"citation":156,"catalogue":15,"year":49},{"citation":501,"catalogue":15,"year":119},{"citation":705,"catalogue":15,"year":644},"\u003Cspan style=\"\" >Whitney Museum of American Art, New York, \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"font-style:italic;\" >Beat Culture and the New America: 1950–1965\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"\" >, November 9, 1995–February 4, 1996. Traveled to Walker Art Center, Minneapolis, June 2–September 15, 1996; M. H. de Young Memorial Museum, San Francisco, October 5–December 29, 1996\u003C\u002Fspan>",{"citation":504,"catalogue":707,"year":129},"no. 7",{"citation":709,"catalogue":15,"year":135},"\u003Cspan style=\"\" >San Francisco Museum of Modern Art, \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"font-style:italic;\" >Treasures of Modern Art: The Legacy of Phyllis Wattis at SFMOMA\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"\" >, January 30–June 24, 2003\u003C\u002Fspan>",{"citation":711,"catalogue":15,"year":141},"\u003Cspan style=\"\" >San Francisco Museum of Modern Art, \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"font-style:italic;\" >75 Years of Looking Forward: The Anniversary Show\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"\" >, December 19, 2009–January 16, 2011\u003C\u002Fspan>",{"citation":713,"catalogue":15,"year":146},"\u003Cspan style=\"\" >Contemporary Jewish Museum, San Francisco, \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"font-style:italic;\" >Beyond Belief: 100 Years of the Spiritual in Modern Art\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"\" >, June 28–October 27, 2013. Organized with San Francisco Museum of Modern Art\u003C\u002Fspan>",{"citation":507,"catalogue":715,"year":152},"(not shown in London)","17 mother of god 1951 oil, printed paper, and newspaper on masonite 48 × 32 1\u002F8 in. (121.9 × 81.5 cm) san francisco museum of modern art and private collection, fractional purchase through a gift of phyllis c. wattis and promised gift of an anonymous donor (98.299) 50.003 [knox martin, new york, deposit by the artist, ca. 1951] robert rauschenberg, purchase, by 1980 san francisco museum of modern art and private collection, purchase, 1998 (via pacewildenstein, new york); promised gift of private collection's share to san francisco museum of modern art 1951 1951 seckler, dorothy gees. “reviews and previews: robert rauschenberg.” artnews 50, no. 3 (may 1951) p. 59 robert rauschenberg . washington, d.c.: national collection of fine arts, smithsonian institution, 1976. exhibition catalogue p. 31 (not exhibited) feinstein, roni. “the unknown early robert rauschenberg: the betty parsons exhibition of 1951.” arts magazine (new york) 59, no. 5 (january 1985) pp. 127, 130 (fig. 4) feinstein, roni. “the early work of robert rauschenberg: the white paintings, the black paintings, and the elemental sculptures.” arts magazine (new york) 61, no. 1 (september 1986) p. 28 feinstein, roni. “random order: the first fifteen years of robert rauschenberg’s art, 1949–1964.” phd diss., new york university, 1990. proquest (303859753) pp. 59, 89, as mother of god , pp. 62–64, n.p. (fig. 8), as untitled hopps, walter. robert rauschenberg: the early 1950s . houston: menil collection; houston fine art press, 1991. exhibition catalogue pp. 28–30, 44, 49 (pl. 14) lewis, jo ann. “rauschenberg, bright and early.” washington post , june 15, 1991 sec. c, p. 8 smith, roberta. “robert rauschenberg, at home and abroad.” new york times , august 6, 1991 sec. c, pp. 11 (ill.), 16 ennis, michael. “a protean talent.” texas monthly 19, no. 11 (november 1991) p. 82 smith, mark l. “image and word in the prints of robert rauschenberg, 1951–1981.” phd diss., university of texas at austin, 1992. proquest (304034847) pp. 275–76, 469 (fig. 116) camper, fred. “the unordered universe.” reader (chicago), march 27, 1992 sec. 1, p. 31 colpitt, frances. “rauschenberg: in the beginning.” art in america 80, no. 4 (april 1992) pp. 126 (ill.), 127 wainwright, lisa. “reading junk: thematic imagery in the art of robert rauschenberg from 1952 to 1964.” phd diss., university of illinois, urbana-champaign, 1993. proquest (304050074) pp. ix, 62, 64–65 phillips, lisa. beat culture and the new america: 1950–1965 . new york: whitney museum of american art; paris: flammarion, 1995. exhibition catalogue pp. 51 (ill.), 275 holt, patricia. “the beats go on at de young.”  san francisco chronicle , october 4, 1996 sec. c, p. 8 hopps, walter, and susan davidson. robert rauschenberg: a retrospective . new york: solomon r. guggenheim foundation, 1997. exhibition catalogue no. 7, pp. 35, 44, 51 (pl. 7) bois, yve-alain. “early lead.” artforum 36, no. 1 (september 1997) p. 97 wainwright, lisa. “rauschenberg’s american voodoo.” new art examiner 25, no. 8 (may 1998) pp. 30–31 jäger, joachim.  das zivilisierte bild: robert rauschenberg und seine combine-paintings der jahre 1960–1962 . klagenfurt, austria: ritter, 1999 p. 112 joseph, branden w. “white on white.” critical inquiry 27, no. 1 (autumn 2000) pp. 90–91 joseph, branden w. random order: robert rauschenberg and the neo-avant-garde . cambridge, mass.: mit press, 2003 pp. 26, 27 (ill.) mattison, robert s.  robert rauschenberg: breaking boundaries . new haven, conn.: yale university press, 2003 pp. 62, 256 robinson, julia. “from abstraction to model: in the event of george brecht and the conceptual turn in the art of the 1960s.” phd diss., princeton university, n.j., 2008 pp. 51, 358 (fig. 10) bishop, janet, corey keller, and sarah roberts, eds. san francisco museum of modern art: 75 years of looking forward . san francisco: san francisco museum of modern art, 2009. exhibition catalogue pp. 145–46, 146 (pl. 109), 151, 432 richards, elizabeth. “rauschenberg’s religion: autobiography and spiritual reference in rauschenberg’s use of textiles.” southeastern college art conference review 16, no. 1 (2011) p. 43 delfiner, judith. double-barrelled gun: dada aux états-unis (1947–1957) . dijon: les presses du réel, 2011 pp. 143, 145 (fig. 12), 146 craft, catherine.  robert rauschenberg . london: phaidon, 2013 pp. 10, 15 (no. 9) davidson, susan. “mother of god.” rauschenberg research project, san francisco museum of modern art, july 2013 (figs. 1, 3 [detail], 4 [detail], 5 [detail]) roberts, sarah. “white painting [three panel].” rauschenberg research project, san francisco museum of modern art, july 2013 dickerman, leah, and achim borchardt-hume. robert rauschenberg . new york: museum of modern art; london: tate publishing, 2016. exhibition catalogue p. 44 (pl. 5) kotz, mary lynn. rauschenberg: art and life . 3rd ed. new york: harry n. abrams, 2018 p. 70 sinclair, sara, with mary marshall clark and peter bearman, eds. robert rauschenberg: an oral history . new york: columbia university press, 2019 n.p. (fig. 1), p. 180 stemmrich, gregor. robert rauschenberg’s “erased de kooning drawing” (1953): modernism, literalism, postmodernism . translated by steven lindberg. berlin: hatje cantz, 2023 pp. 94 (fig. 11), 136–38 betty parsons gallery, new york, paintings by bob rauschenberg , may 14–june 2, 1951 corcoran gallery of art, washington, d.c., robert rauschenberg: the early 1950s , june 15–august 11, 1991. organized by menil collection, houston. traveled to menil collection, houston, september 27, 1991–january 5, 1992; museum of contemporary art chicago, february 8–april 19, 1992; san francisco museum of modern art, may 14–august 16, 1992; guggenheim museum soho, new york, october 24, 1992–january 24, 1993 whitney museum of american art, new york, beat culture and the new america: 1950–1965 , november 9, 1995–february 4, 1996. traveled to walker art center, minneapolis, june 2–september 15, 1996; m. h. de young memorial museum, san francisco, october 5–december 29, 1996 solomon r. guggenheim museum, new york, robert rauschenberg: a retrospective , september 19, 1997–january 7, 1998 (also guggenheim museum soho, new york, september 19, 1997–january 4, 1998, and ace gallery, new york, september 19–november 9, 1997). traveled to menil collection, contemporary arts museum houston, and museum of fine arts, houston, february 13–may 17, 1998; museum ludwig, cologne (as robert rauschenberg: retrospektive ), june 27–october 11, 1998; museo guggenheim bilbao (as robert rauschenberg: retrospectiva ), november 21, 1998–march 7, 1999 no. 7 san francisco museum of modern art, treasures of modern art: the legacy of phyllis wattis at sfmoma , january 30–june 24, 2003 san francisco museum of modern art, 75 years of looking forward: the anniversary show , december 19, 2009–january 16, 2011 contemporary jewish museum, san francisco, beyond belief: 100 years of the spiritual in modern art , june 28–october 27, 2013. organized with san francisco museum of modern art tate modern, london, robert rauschenberg , december 1, 2016–april 2, 2017. organized with museum of modern art, new york. traveled to museum of modern art, new york (as robert rauschenberg: among friends ), may 21–september 17, 2017; san francisco museum of modern art (as robert rauschenberg: erasing the rules ), november 18, 2017–march 25, 2018 (not shown in london)",{"fieldData":718,"portalData":737,"recordId":738,"modId":739,"bibliographyItems":740,"exhibitionItems":757,"searchText":763},{"pk_ArtworkID":719,"Unique Impression ID":720,"Artist":9,"Title":721,"Display Date":512,"zc_YearFirst":211,"Medium":722,"Dimensions":723,"zf_WebPublished":22,"Series":15,"Reg Number Text":720,"fk_ArtworkSeriesID":15,"zc_htmlTitle":724,"Credit Line":725,"zc_htmlCreditLine":726,"CR_Inscriptions":727,"zc_htmlCRInscriptions":728,"TItle_Alternative":729,"zc_htmlTitleAlternative":730,"Studio":15,"fk_StudioID":15,"CR_Classification":731,"Public Notes":15,"CR_Provenance":732,"zc_SortRegNo":258,"zc_SortRegNo2":21,"zc_htmlCRPublicNotes":15,"zc_htmlCRProvenance":733,"zc_CR_examDate":734,"CR_followup":15,"zf_CR":22,"modificationTimestampAPI":735,"cr_sequence_number":263,"Search Year Start":211,"Search Year Start Circa":15,"Search Year End":211,"Search Year End Circa":15,"Year":512,"CR Number":736,"zf_CRpublished":22,"zf_nonextant":15},113,"50.004","Title unknown","Plaster, glass tube, glass bottles, twig, and arrow fletching","47 1\u002F4 × 12 3\u002F8 × 5 3\u002F4 in. (120 × 31.5 × 14.7 cm)","\u003Cspan style=\"\" >Title unknown\u003C\u002Fspan>","Cy Twombly Foundation","\u003Cspan style=\"\" >Cy Twombly Foundation\u003C\u002Fspan>","Inscribed on plaster: RAUSCHENBERG 50","\u003Cspan style=\"\" >Inscribed on plaster: \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"font-style:italic;\" >RAUSCHENBERG 50\u003C\u002Fspan>","The Man with Two Souls","\u003Cspan style=\"font-style:italic;\" >The Man with Two Souls\u003C\u002Fspan>","Sculpture","Cy Twombly\rCy Twombly Foundation, bequest, 2011","\u003Cspan style=\"\" >Cy Twombly\u003Cbr\u002F>Cy Twombly Foundation, bequest, 2011\u003C\u002Fspan>","06\u002F15\u002F2023","07\u002F23\u002F2026 10:36:08",13,{},"16","591",[741,743,745,747,749,751,753,755],{"pk":36,"citation":37,"mentions":742,"year":39,"sort":40},"\u003Cspan style=\"\" >pp. 13, 28–31, 31 (fig. 24), 44, 55 (pl. 19), 114, as \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"font-style:italic;\" >The\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"\" > \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"font-style:italic;\" >Man with Two Souls \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"\" >(not exhibited)\u003C\u002Fspan>",{"pk":110,"citation":111,"mentions":744,"year":113,"sort":114},"\u003Cspan style=\"\" >p. 276, as \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"font-style:italic;\" >The Man with Two Souls\u003C\u002Fspan>",{"pk":122,"citation":123,"mentions":746,"year":119,"sort":120},"\u003Cspan style=\"\" >pp. xiii, 62, 111–12, 115–16, as \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"font-style:italic;\" >The Man with Two Souls\u003C\u002Fspan>",{"pk":418,"citation":419,"mentions":748,"year":421,"sort":422},"\u003Cspan style=\"\" >pp. 200, 201 (ill.), as \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"font-style:italic;\" >The Man with Two Souls\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"\" > (not exhibited)\u003C\u002Fspan>",{"pk":144,"citation":145,"mentions":750,"year":146,"sort":147},"\u003Cspan style=\"\" >as \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"font-style:italic;\" >The Man with Two Souls\u003C\u002Fspan>",{"pk":454,"citation":455,"mentions":752,"year":187,"sort":188},"\u003Cspan style=\"\" >pp. 66, 68 (fig. 8), as \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"font-style:italic;\" >The Man with Two Souls \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"\" >(not exhibited)\u003C\u002Fspan>",{"pk":465,"citation":466,"mentions":754,"year":468,"sort":469},"\u003Cspan style=\"\" >pp. 114 (fig. 46), 115 (fig. 47), 237–38, 605, as \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"font-style:italic;\" >The Man with Two Souls\u003C\u002Fspan>",{"pk":471,"citation":472,"mentions":756,"year":474,"sort":475},"\u003Cspan style=\"\" >pp. 50, 85 (ill.)\u003C\u002Fspan>",[758,761],{"citation":759,"catalogue":15,"year":760},"\u003Cspan style=\"\" >Museum Brandhorst, Munich, \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"font-style:italic;\" >Fünf Freunde: John Cage, Merce Cunningham, Jasper Johns, Robert Rauschenberg, Cy Twombly \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"\" >(\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"font-style:italic;\" >Five Friends: John Cage, Merce Cunningham, Jasper Johns, Robert Rauschenberg, Cy Twombly\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"\" >), April 10–August 17, 2025. Traveled to Museum Ludwig, Cologne, October 3, 2025–January 11, 2026\u003C\u002Fspan>",2026,{"citation":762,"catalogue":15,"year":760},"\u003Cspan style=\"\" >Gagosian Gallery, New York, \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"font-style:italic;\" >Robert Rauschenberg: Important Early Works from the Cy Twombly Foundation\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"\" >, April 25–September 26, 2026\u003C\u002Fspan>","13 title unknown 1950 plaster, glass tube, glass bottles, twig, and arrow fletching 47 1\u002F4 × 12 3\u002F8 × 5 3\u002F4 in. (120 × 31.5 × 14.7 cm) cy twombly foundation 50.004 inscribed on plaster: rauschenberg 50 the man with two souls cy twombly cy twombly foundation, bequest, 2011 1950 1950 hopps, walter. robert rauschenberg: the early 1950s . houston: menil collection; houston fine art press, 1991. exhibition catalogue pp. 13, 28–31, 31 (fig. 24), 44, 55 (pl. 19), 114, as the man with two souls (not exhibited) smith, mark l. “image and word in the prints of robert rauschenberg, 1951–1981.” phd diss., university of texas at austin, 1992. proquest (304034847) p. 276, as the man with two souls wainwright, lisa. “reading junk: thematic imagery in the art of robert rauschenberg from 1952 to 1964.” phd diss., university of illinois, urbana-champaign, 1993. proquest (304050074) pp. xiii, 62, 111–12, 115–16, as the man with two souls schimmel, paul. robert rauschenberg: combines . los angeles: museum of contemporary art, 2005. exhibition catalogue pp. 200, 201 (ill.), as the man with two souls (not exhibited) davidson, susan. “mother of god.” rauschenberg research project, san francisco museum of modern art, july 2013 as the man with two souls dickerman, leah, and achim borchardt-hume. robert rauschenberg . new york: museum of modern art; london: tate publishing, 2016. exhibition catalogue pp. 66, 68 (fig. 8), as the man with two souls (not exhibited) stemmrich, gregor. robert rauschenberg’s “erased de kooning drawing” (1953): modernism, literalism, postmodernism . translated by steven lindberg. berlin: hatje cantz, 2023 pp. 114 (fig. 46), 115 (fig. 47), 237–38, 605, as the man with two souls dziewior, yilmaz, and achim hochdörfer, with arthur fink, eds. five friends: john cage, merce cunningham, jasper johns, robert rauschenberg, cy twombly. munich: museum brandhorst; cologne: museum ludwig, 2025. exhibition catalogue pp. 50, 85 (ill.) museum brandhorst, munich, fünf freunde: john cage, merce cunningham, jasper johns, robert rauschenberg, cy twombly ( five friends: john cage, merce cunningham, jasper johns, robert rauschenberg, cy twombly ), april 10–august 17, 2025. traveled to museum ludwig, cologne, october 3, 2025–january 11, 2026 gagosian gallery, new york, robert rauschenberg: important early works from the cy twombly foundation , april 25–september 26, 2026",{"fieldData":765,"portalData":775,"recordId":776,"modId":777,"bibliographyItems":778,"exhibitionItems":813,"searchText":815},{"pk_ArtworkID":766,"Unique Impression ID":767,"Artist":9,"Title":768,"Display Date":48,"zc_YearFirst":49,"Medium":769,"Dimensions":14,"zf_WebPublished":22,"Series":15,"Reg Number Text":767,"fk_ArtworkSeriesID":15,"zc_htmlTitle":770,"Credit Line":52,"zc_htmlCreditLine":53,"CR_Inscriptions":15,"zc_htmlCRInscriptions":15,"TItle_Alternative":771,"zc_htmlTitleAlternative":772,"Studio":54,"fk_StudioID":55,"CR_Classification":19,"Public Notes":15,"CR_Provenance":15,"zc_SortRegNo":258,"zc_SortRegNo2":21,"zc_htmlCRPublicNotes":15,"zc_htmlCRProvenance":15,"zc_CR_examDate":15,"CR_followup":15,"zf_CR":22,"modificationTimestampAPI":773,"cr_sequence_number":774,"Search Year Start":49,"Search Year Start Circa":22,"Search Year End":49,"Search Year End Circa":22,"Year":48,"CR Number":305,"zf_CRpublished":22,"zf_nonextant":22},114,"50.005","Eden","Oil and pencil on fabric (?)","\u003Cspan style=\"font-style:italic;\" >Eden\u003C\u002Fspan>","Garden of Eden","\u003Cspan style=\"font-style:italic;\" >Garden of Eden\u003C\u002Fspan>","05\u002F12\u002F2026 18:01:48",31,{},"17","461",[779,781,782,784,785,787,793,795,797,799,801,803,804,806,808,809,811],{"pk":70,"citation":71,"mentions":780,"year":73,"sort":74},"\u003Cspan style=\"\" >p. 3 (not exhibited)\u003C\u002Fspan>",{"pk":20,"citation":82,"mentions":83,"year":33,"sort":34},{"pk":30,"citation":31,"mentions":783,"year":33,"sort":34},"\u003Cspan style=\"\" >p. 53, as \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"font-style:italic;\" >Garden of Eden\u003C\u002Fspan>",{"pk":85,"citation":86,"mentions":87,"year":88,"sort":89},{"pk":91,"citation":92,"mentions":786,"year":88,"sort":94},"\u003Cspan style=\"\" >pp. 126–27, 127 (fig. 3), 131, as \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"font-style:italic;\" >Garden of Eden\u003C\u002Fspan>",{"pk":788,"citation":789,"mentions":790,"year":791,"sort":792},53,"\u003Cspan style=\"\" >Rose, Barbara. \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"font-style:italic;\" >Rauschenberg\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"\" >. New York: Vintage Books, 1987\u003C\u002Fspan>","\u003Cspan style=\"\" >p. 44\u003C\u002Fspan>",1987,19870000,{"pk":102,"citation":103,"mentions":794,"year":105,"sort":106},"\u003Cspan style=\"\" >pp. 58–59, 61–62, 70, 82, 97, 126, n.p. (fig. 7), as \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"font-style:italic;\" >Garden of Eden\u003C\u002Fspan>",{"pk":36,"citation":37,"mentions":796,"year":39,"sort":40},"\u003Cspan style=\"\" >pp. 28–29, 44, 46 (pl. 11), 64 (not exhibited)\u003C\u002Fspan>",{"pk":110,"citation":111,"mentions":798,"year":113,"sort":114},"\u003Cspan style=\"\" >p. 275, as \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"font-style:italic;\" >Garden of Eden\u003C\u002Fspan>",{"pk":122,"citation":123,"mentions":800,"year":119,"sort":120},"\u003Cspan style=\"\" >p. 62, as \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"font-style:italic;\" >Eden\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"\" >, p. 119, as \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"font-style:italic;\" >Garden of Eden\u003C\u002Fspan>",{"pk":126,"citation":127,"mentions":802,"year":129,"sort":130},"\u003Cspan style=\"\" >p. 57, as \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"font-style:italic;\" >Garden of Eden\u003C\u002Fspan>",{"pk":132,"citation":133,"mentions":134,"year":135,"sort":136},{"pk":424,"citation":425,"mentions":805,"year":421,"sort":422},"\u003Cspan style=\"\" >p. 48, as \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"font-style:italic;\" >Garden of Eden\u003C\u002Fspan>",{"pk":138,"citation":139,"mentions":807,"year":141,"sort":142},"\u003Cspan style=\"\" >pp. 39 (fig. 1), 43–44\u003C\u002Fspan>",{"pk":144,"citation":145,"mentions":15,"year":146,"sort":147},{"pk":149,"citation":150,"mentions":810,"year":152,"sort":153},"\u003Cspan style=\"\" >p. 70, as \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"font-style:italic;\" >Garden of Eden\u003C\u002Fspan>",{"pk":465,"citation":466,"mentions":812,"year":468,"sort":469},"\u003Cspan style=\"\" >pp. 94 (fig. 12), 136, 138\u003C\u002Fspan>",[814],{"citation":156,"catalogue":15,"year":49},"19 eden ca. 1951 oil and pencil on fabric (?) dimensions unknown presumed destroyed 50.005 garden of eden 1951 1951 robert rauschenberg . washington, d.c.: national collection of fine arts, smithsonian institution, 1976. exhibition catalogue p. 3 (not exhibited) robert rauschenberg: werke 1950–1980 . berlin: staatliche kunsthalle berlin, 1980. exhibition catalogue pp. 40, 49 (not exhibited) tomkins, calvin.  off the wall: robert rauschenberg and the art world of our time . garden city, n.y.: doubleday, 1980 p. 53, as garden of eden rauschenberg . madrid: fundación juan march, 1985. exhibition catalogue n.p. (not exhibited) feinstein, roni. “the unknown early robert rauschenberg: the betty parsons exhibition of 1951.” arts magazine (new york) 59, no. 5 (january 1985) pp. 126–27, 127 (fig. 3), 131, as garden of eden rose, barbara. rauschenberg . new york: vintage books, 1987 p. 44 feinstein, roni. “random order: the first fifteen years of robert rauschenberg’s art, 1949–1964.” phd diss., new york university, 1990. proquest (303859753) pp. 58–59, 61–62, 70, 82, 97, 126, n.p. (fig. 7), as garden of eden hopps, walter. robert rauschenberg: the early 1950s . houston: menil collection; houston fine art press, 1991. exhibition catalogue pp. 28–29, 44, 46 (pl. 11), 64 (not exhibited) smith, mark l. “image and word in the prints of robert rauschenberg, 1951–1981.” phd diss., university of texas at austin, 1992. proquest (304034847) p. 275, as garden of eden wainwright, lisa. “reading junk: thematic imagery in the art of robert rauschenberg from 1952 to 1964.” phd diss., university of illinois, urbana-champaign, 1993. proquest (304050074) p. 62, as eden , p. 119, as garden of eden hunter, sam. robert rauschenberg . new york: rizzoli, 1999 p. 57, as garden of eden joseph, branden w. random order: robert rauschenberg and the neo-avant-garde . cambridge, mass.: mit press, 2003 p. 26 tomkins, calvin. off the wall: a portrait of robert rauschenberg . new york: picador, 2005 p. 48, as garden of eden richards, elizabeth. “rauschenberg’s religion: autobiography and spiritual reference in rauschenberg’s use of textiles.” southeastern college art conference review 16, no. 1 (2011) pp. 39 (fig. 1), 43–44 davidson, susan. “mother of god.” rauschenberg research project, san francisco museum of modern art, july 2013 kotz, mary lynn. rauschenberg: art and life . 3rd ed. new york: harry n. abrams, 2018 p. 70, as garden of eden stemmrich, gregor. robert rauschenberg’s “erased de kooning drawing” (1953): modernism, literalism, postmodernism . translated by steven lindberg. berlin: hatje cantz, 2023 pp. 94 (fig. 12), 136, 138 betty parsons gallery, new york, paintings by bob rauschenberg , may 14–june 2, 1951",{"fieldData":817,"portalData":834,"recordId":835,"modId":836,"bibliographyItems":837,"exhibitionItems":897,"searchText":914},{"pk_ArtworkID":818,"Unique Impression ID":819,"Artist":9,"Title":820,"Display Date":580,"zc_YearFirst":49,"Medium":821,"Dimensions":822,"zf_WebPublished":22,"Series":15,"Reg Number Text":819,"fk_ArtworkSeriesID":15,"zc_htmlTitle":823,"Credit Line":824,"zc_htmlCreditLine":825,"CR_Inscriptions":826,"zc_htmlCRInscriptions":827,"TItle_Alternative":15,"zc_htmlTitleAlternative":15,"Studio":54,"fk_StudioID":55,"CR_Classification":19,"Public Notes":15,"CR_Provenance":828,"zc_SortRegNo":258,"zc_SortRegNo2":21,"zc_htmlCRPublicNotes":15,"zc_htmlCRProvenance":829,"zc_CR_examDate":830,"CR_followup":15,"zf_CR":22,"modificationTimestampAPI":831,"cr_sequence_number":832,"Search Year Start":49,"Search Year Start Circa":15,"Search Year End":49,"Search Year End Circa":15,"Year":580,"CR Number":833,"zf_CRpublished":22,"zf_nonextant":15},115,"50.006","Crucifixion and Reflection","Oil and newspaper on fiberboard","47 3\u002F4 × 51 1\u002F8 in. (121.3 × 129.8 cm)","\u003Cspan style=\"font-style:italic;\" >Crucifixion and Reflection\u003C\u002Fspan>","The Menil Collection, Houston (1984-50 DJ)","\u003Cspan style=\"\" >The Menil Collection, Houston (1984-50 DJ)\u003C\u002Fspan>","Inscribed, lower left: RAUSCHENBERG [sideways; incised and painted over]","\u003Cspan style=\"\" >Inscribed, lower left: \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"font-style:italic;\" >RAUSCHENBERG\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"\" > [sideways; incised and painted over]\u003C\u002Fspan>","[Sari Dienes, New York, deposit by the artist, ca. 1952]\rAndrew Crispo Gallery, New York, purchase, ca. 1977\rThe Menil Collection, Houston, purchase, 1984 (via Middendorf Gallery, Washington, D.C.)","\u003Cspan style=\"\" >[Sari Dienes, New York, deposit by the artist, ca. 1952]\u003Cbr\u002F>Andrew Crispo Gallery, New York, purchase, ca. 1977\u003Cbr\u002F>The Menil Collection, Houston, purchase, 1984 (via Middendorf Gallery, Washington, D.C.)\u003C\u002Fspan>","04\u002F01\u002F2022","07\u002F23\u002F2026 10:39:03",28,16,{},"18","574",[838,839,840,846,848,852,858,860,864,866,868,869,871,875,877,879,881,883,884,886,887,889,891,892,893,895],{"pk":65,"citation":66,"mentions":67,"year":49,"sort":68},{"pk":70,"citation":71,"mentions":602,"year":73,"sort":74},{"pk":841,"citation":842,"mentions":843,"year":844,"sort":845},1511,"\u003Cspan style=\"font-style:italic;\" >Twelve Americans: Masters of Collage\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"\" >. New York: Andrew Crispo Gallery, 1977. Exhibition catalogue\u003C\u002Fspan>","\u003Cspan style=\"\" >no. 136, n.p. (ill. [rotated])\u003C\u002Fspan>",1977,19770000,{"pk":76,"citation":77,"mentions":847,"year":79,"sort":80},"\u003Cspan style=\"\" >pp. 174, 175 (no. 126 [rotated])\u003C\u002Fspan>",{"pk":849,"citation":850,"mentions":851,"year":33,"sort":34},6150,"\u003Cspan style=\"\" >Rosenzweig, Phyllis. \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"font-style:italic;\" >The Fifties: Aspects of Painting in New York\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"\" >. Washington, D.C.: Hirshhorn Museum and Sculpture Garden; Smithsonian Institution Press, 1980. Exhibition catalogue\u003C\u002Fspan>","\u003Cspan style=\"\" >no. 15, p. 60 (ill. [rotated]) (not exhibited)\u003C\u002Fspan>",{"pk":853,"citation":854,"mentions":855,"year":856,"sort":857},6209,"\u003Cspan style=\"\" >Sokol, David M. \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"font-style:italic;\" >Solitude: Inner Visions in American Art\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"\" >. Evanston, Ill.: Terra Museum of American Art, 1982. Exhibition catalogue\u003C\u002Fspan>","\u003Cspan style=\"\" >p. 36 (no. 60 [rotated])\u003C\u002Fspan>",1982,19820000,{"pk":91,"citation":92,"mentions":859,"year":88,"sort":94},"\u003Cspan style=\"\" >pp. 126 (fig. 2 [rotated]), 126–27, 129, 131\u003C\u002Fspan>",{"pk":861,"citation":862,"mentions":863,"year":791,"sort":792},1139,"\u003Cspan style=\"font-style:italic;\" >The Menil Collection: A Selection from the Paleolithic to the Modern Era\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"\" >. New York: Harry N. Abrams, 1987\u003C\u002Fspan>","\u003Cspan style=\"\" >p. 272 (pl. 208) (not exhibited)\u003C\u002Fspan>",{"pk":102,"citation":103,"mentions":865,"year":105,"sort":106},"\u003Cspan style=\"\" >pp. 59–61, 70, 82–83, 97, 126, 249, 441, 488, n.p. (fig. 6)\u003C\u002Fspan>",{"pk":36,"citation":37,"mentions":867,"year":39,"sort":40},"\u003Cspan style=\"\" >pp. 6, 28–29, 44, 50, 51 (pl. 15)\u003C\u002Fspan>",{"pk":611,"citation":612,"mentions":613,"year":39,"sort":614},{"pk":110,"citation":111,"mentions":870,"year":113,"sort":114},"\u003Cspan style=\"\" >pp. 275–76, 468 (fig. 115)\u003C\u002Fspan>",{"pk":872,"citation":873,"mentions":15,"year":113,"sort":874},5089,"\u003Cspan style=\"\" >Wiegenstein, Roland H. “Ein Porträt des Künstlers als junger Mann.” \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"font-style:italic;\" >Frankfurter Rundschau \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"\" >(Frankfurt, Germany), July 18, 1992\u003C\u002Fspan>",19920718,{"pk":122,"citation":123,"mentions":876,"year":119,"sort":120},"\u003Cspan style=\"\" >pp. ix, 62–64, 71\u003C\u002Fspan>",{"pk":374,"citation":375,"mentions":878,"year":377,"sort":378},"\u003Cspan style=\"\" >no. 6, pp. 44, 50 (pl. 6)\u003C\u002Fspan>",{"pk":126,"citation":127,"mentions":880,"year":129,"sort":130},"\u003Cspan style=\"\" >pp. 11 (no. 2), 34, 39, 57\u003C\u002Fspan>",{"pk":660,"citation":661,"mentions":882,"year":409,"sort":663},"\u003Cspan style=\"\" >pp. 90–91, 93 (fig. 2)\u003C\u002Fspan>",{"pk":132,"citation":133,"mentions":134,"year":135,"sort":136},{"pk":428,"citation":429,"mentions":885,"year":431,"sort":432},"\u003Cspan style=\"\" >pp. 12 (ill.), 33, 51\u003C\u002Fspan>",{"pk":138,"citation":139,"mentions":140,"year":141,"sort":142},{"pk":680,"citation":681,"mentions":888,"year":141,"sort":142},"\u003Cspan style=\"\" >pp. 143, 144 (fig. 11)\u003C\u002Fspan>",{"pk":444,"citation":445,"mentions":890,"year":146,"sort":447},"\u003Cspan style=\"\" >pp. 10, 16 (no. 10)\u003C\u002Fspan>",{"pk":144,"citation":145,"mentions":15,"year":146,"sort":147},{"pk":688,"citation":689,"mentions":15,"year":146,"sort":147},{"pk":149,"citation":150,"mentions":894,"year":152,"sort":153},"\u003Cspan style=\"\" >pp. 70, 74 (ill.)\u003C\u002Fspan>",{"pk":465,"citation":466,"mentions":896,"year":468,"sort":469},"\u003Cspan style=\"\" >pp. 113 (fig. 44), 136, 236–37\u003C\u002Fspan>",[898,899,902,905,906,908,910,912],{"citation":156,"catalogue":15,"year":49},{"citation":900,"catalogue":901,"year":844},"\u003Cspan style=\"\" >Andrew Crispo Gallery, New York, \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"font-style:italic;\" >Twelve Americans: Masters of Collage\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"\" >, November 17–December 30, 1977\u003C\u002Fspan>","no. 136",{"citation":903,"catalogue":904,"year":856},"\u003Cspan style=\"\" >Terra Museum of American Art, Evanston, Ill., \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"font-style:italic;\" >Solitude: Inner Visions in American Art\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"\" >, September 25–December 30, 1982\u003C\u002Fspan>","(shown rotated)",{"citation":501,"catalogue":15,"year":119},{"citation":504,"catalogue":907,"year":129},"no. 6",{"citation":909,"catalogue":15,"year":431},"\u003Cspan style=\"\" >Menil Collection, Houston, \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"font-style:italic;\" >Chance Encounters: The Formation of the de Menils’ African Collection\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"\" >, May 26–September 10, 2006\u003C\u002Fspan>",{"citation":911,"catalogue":566,"year":146},"\u003Cspan style=\"\" >Menil Collection, Houston, \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"font-style:italic;\" >Byzantine Things in the World\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"\" >, May 3–August 18, 2013\u003C\u002Fspan>",{"citation":913,"catalogue":15,"year":468},"\u003Cspan style=\"\" >Menil Collection, Houston, \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"font-style:italic;\" >The Curatorial Imagination of Walter Hopps\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"\" >, March 24–August 13, 2023\u003C\u002Fspan>","16 crucifixion and reflection 1951 oil and newspaper on fiberboard 47 3\u002F4 × 51 1\u002F8 in. (121.3 × 129.8 cm) the menil collection, houston (1984-50 dj) 50.006 inscribed, lower left: rauschenberg [sideways; incised and painted over] [sari dienes, new york, deposit by the artist, ca. 1952] andrew crispo gallery, new york, purchase, ca. 1977 the menil collection, houston, purchase, 1984 (via middendorf gallery, washington, d.c.) 1951 1951 cole, mary. “fifty-seventh street in review: bob rauschenberg.” art digest 25, no. 17 (june 1, 1951) p. 18 robert rauschenberg . washington, d.c.: national collection of fine arts, smithsonian institution, 1976. exhibition catalogue p. 31 (not exhibited) twelve americans: masters of collage . new york: andrew crispo gallery, 1977. exhibition catalogue no. 136, n.p. (ill. [rotated]) sandler, irving. “rauschenberg and johns.” in the new york school: the painters and sculptors of the fifties , by irving sandler, pp. 174–95. new york: harper & row, 1978 pp. 174, 175 (no. 126 [rotated]) rosenzweig, phyllis. the fifties: aspects of painting in new york . washington, d.c.: hirshhorn museum and sculpture garden; smithsonian institution press, 1980. exhibition catalogue no. 15, p. 60 (ill. [rotated]) (not exhibited) sokol, david m. solitude: inner visions in american art . evanston, ill.: terra museum of american art, 1982. exhibition catalogue p. 36 (no. 60 [rotated]) feinstein, roni. “the unknown early robert rauschenberg: the betty parsons exhibition of 1951.” arts magazine (new york) 59, no. 5 (january 1985) pp. 126 (fig. 2 [rotated]), 126–27, 129, 131 the menil collection: a selection from the paleolithic to the modern era . new york: harry n. abrams, 1987 p. 272 (pl. 208) (not exhibited) feinstein, roni. “random order: the first fifteen years of robert rauschenberg’s art, 1949–1964.” phd diss., new york university, 1990. proquest (303859753) pp. 59–61, 70, 82–83, 97, 126, 249, 441, 488, n.p. (fig. 6) hopps, walter. robert rauschenberg: the early 1950s . houston: menil collection; houston fine art press, 1991. exhibition catalogue pp. 6, 28–29, 44, 50, 51 (pl. 15) lewis, jo ann. “rauschenberg, bright and early.” washington post , june 15, 1991 sec. c, p. 8 smith, mark l. “image and word in the prints of robert rauschenberg, 1951–1981.” phd diss., university of texas at austin, 1992. proquest (304034847) pp. 275–76, 468 (fig. 115) wiegenstein, roland h. “ein porträt des künstlers als junger mann.” frankfurter rundschau (frankfurt, germany), july 18, 1992 wainwright, lisa. “reading junk: thematic imagery in the art of robert rauschenberg from 1952 to 1964.” phd diss., university of illinois, urbana-champaign, 1993. proquest (304050074) pp. ix, 62–64, 71 hopps, walter, and susan davidson. robert rauschenberg: a retrospective . new york: solomon r. guggenheim foundation, 1997. exhibition catalogue no. 6, pp. 44, 50 (pl. 6) hunter, sam. robert rauschenberg . new york: rizzoli, 1999 pp. 11 (no. 2), 34, 39, 57 joseph, branden w. “white on white.” critical inquiry 27, no. 1 (autumn 2000) pp. 90–91, 93 (fig. 2) joseph, branden w. random order: robert rauschenberg and the neo-avant-garde . cambridge, mass.: mit press, 2003 p. 26 hunter, sam. robert rauschenberg: works, writings and interviews . barcelona: polígrafa, 2006 pp. 12 (ill.), 33, 51 richards, elizabeth. “rauschenberg’s religion: autobiography and spiritual reference in rauschenberg’s use of textiles.” southeastern college art conference review 16, no. 1 (2011) p. 43 delfiner, judith. double-barrelled gun: dada aux états-unis (1947–1957) . dijon: les presses du réel, 2011 pp. 143, 144 (fig. 11) craft, catherine.  robert rauschenberg . london: phaidon, 2013 pp. 10, 16 (no. 10) davidson, susan. “mother of god.” rauschenberg research project, san francisco museum of modern art, july 2013 roberts, sarah. “white painting [three panel].” rauschenberg research project, san francisco museum of modern art, july 2013 kotz, mary lynn. rauschenberg: art and life . 3rd ed. new york: harry n. abrams, 2018 pp. 70, 74 (ill.) stemmrich, gregor. robert rauschenberg’s “erased de kooning drawing” (1953): modernism, literalism, postmodernism . translated by steven lindberg. berlin: hatje cantz, 2023 pp. 113 (fig. 44), 136, 236–37 betty parsons gallery, new york, paintings by bob rauschenberg , may 14–june 2, 1951 andrew crispo gallery, new york, twelve americans: masters of collage , november 17–december 30, 1977 no. 136 terra museum of american art, evanston, ill., solitude: inner visions in american art , september 25–december 30, 1982 (shown rotated) corcoran gallery of art, washington, d.c., robert rauschenberg: the early 1950s , june 15–august 11, 1991. organized by menil collection, houston. traveled to menil collection, houston, september 27, 1991–january 5, 1992; museum of contemporary art chicago, february 8–april 19, 1992; san francisco museum of modern art, may 14–august 16, 1992; guggenheim museum soho, new york, october 24, 1992–january 24, 1993 solomon r. guggenheim museum, new york, robert rauschenberg: a retrospective , september 19, 1997–january 7, 1998 (also guggenheim museum soho, new york, september 19, 1997–january 4, 1998, and ace gallery, new york, september 19–november 9, 1997). traveled to menil collection, contemporary arts museum houston, and museum of fine arts, houston, february 13–may 17, 1998; museum ludwig, cologne (as robert rauschenberg: retrospektive ), june 27–october 11, 1998; museo guggenheim bilbao (as robert rauschenberg: retrospectiva ), november 21, 1998–march 7, 1999 no. 6 menil collection, houston, chance encounters: the formation of the de menils’ african collection , may 26–september 10, 2006 menil collection, houston, byzantine things in the world , may 3–august 18, 2013 (not in cat.) menil collection, houston, the curatorial imagination of walter hopps , march 24–august 13, 2023",{"fieldData":916,"portalData":932,"recordId":933,"modId":934,"bibliographyItems":935,"exhibitionItems":954,"searchText":961},{"pk_ArtworkID":917,"Unique Impression ID":918,"Artist":9,"Title":919,"Display Date":512,"zc_YearFirst":211,"Medium":920,"Dimensions":921,"zf_WebPublished":22,"Series":15,"Reg Number Text":918,"fk_ArtworkSeriesID":15,"zc_htmlTitle":922,"Credit Line":923,"zc_htmlCreditLine":924,"CR_Inscriptions":15,"zc_htmlCRInscriptions":15,"TItle_Alternative":15,"zc_htmlTitleAlternative":15,"Studio":925,"fk_StudioID":926,"CR_Classification":731,"Public Notes":15,"CR_Provenance":927,"zc_SortRegNo":258,"zc_SortRegNo2":21,"zc_htmlCRPublicNotes":15,"zc_htmlCRProvenance":928,"zc_CR_examDate":929,"CR_followup":15,"zf_CR":22,"modificationTimestampAPI":930,"cr_sequence_number":931,"Search Year Start":211,"Search Year Start Circa":15,"Search Year End":211,"Search Year End Circa":15,"Year":512,"CR Number":70,"zf_CRpublished":22,"zf_nonextant":15},116,"50.007","Greenhouse","Wire mesh, sticks, wire, twigs, glass orb, glass shards, and paint","54 × 13 3\u002F4 × 13 3\u002F4 in. (137.3 × 35 × 34.9 cm)","\u003Cspan style=\"font-style:italic;\" >Greenhouse\u003C\u002Fspan>","Robert Rauschenberg Foundation, New York","\u003Cspan style=\"\" >Robert Rauschenberg Foundation, New York\u003C\u002Fspan>","Outer Island",10003,"[Dallas Museum of Fine Arts, deposit by the artist, 1950]\rRobert Rauschenberg, by exchange, 1975\rRobert Rauschenberg Foundation, New York, bequest, 2008","\u003Cspan style=\"\" >[Dallas Museum of Fine Arts,\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"color: #002939;\" > deposit by the artist, \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"\" >1950]\u003Cbr\u002F>Robert Rauschenberg, by exchange, 1975\u003Cbr\u002F>Robert Rauschenberg Foundation, New York, bequest, 2008\u003C\u002Fspan>","5\u002F28\u002F2024","07\u002F28\u002F2026 10:30:02",12,{},"19","785",[936,938,944,949],{"pk":374,"citation":375,"mentions":937,"year":377,"sort":378},"\u003Cspan style=\"\" >no. 4, p. 48 (pl. 4)\u003C\u002Fspan>",{"pk":939,"citation":940,"mentions":941,"year":942,"sort":943},773,"\u003Cspan style=\"font-style:italic;\" >Robert Rauschenberg\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"\" >. New York: Gagosian Gallery, 2010. Exhibition catalogue\u003C\u002Fspan>","\u003Cspan style=\"\" >pp. 13, 42 (ill.), 43 (ill.), 45 (ill. [detail])\u003C\u002Fspan>",2010,20100000,{"pk":945,"citation":946,"mentions":947,"year":942,"sort":948},5501,"\u003Cspan style=\"\" >Cotter, Holland. “Fruitful Talent Who Made Art World Multiply.” \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"font-style:italic;\" >New York Times\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"\" >, November 27, 2010\u003C\u002Fspan>","\u003Cspan style=\"\" >p. 5 (ill. [install])\u003C\u002Fspan>",20101127,{"pk":950,"citation":951,"mentions":952,"year":141,"sort":953},5502,"\u003Cspan style=\"\" >Barnes, Steve. “Robert Rauschenberg: Gagosian.” \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"font-style:italic;\" >Artnews \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"\" >110, no. 1 (January 2011)\u003C\u002Fspan>","\u003Cspan style=\"\" >p. 107\u003C\u002Fspan>",20110100,[955,957,959],{"citation":504,"catalogue":956,"year":129},"no. 4",{"citation":958,"catalogue":15,"year":141},"\u003Cspan style=\"\" >Gagosian Gallery, New York, \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"font-style:italic;\" >Robert Rauschenberg\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"\" >, October 29, 2010–January 15, 2011\u003C\u002Fspan>",{"citation":960,"catalogue":15,"year":760},"\u003Cspan style=\"\" >Nasher Sculpture Center, Dallas, \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"font-style:italic;\" >Rauschenberg Sculpture\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"\" >, January 31–April 26, 2026\u003C\u002Fspan>","11 greenhouse 1950 wire mesh, sticks, wire, twigs, glass orb, glass shards, and paint 54 × 13 3\u002F4 × 13 3\u002F4 in. (137.3 × 35 × 34.9 cm) robert rauschenberg foundation, new york 50.007 [dallas museum of fine arts, deposit by the artist, 1950] robert rauschenberg, by exchange, 1975 robert rauschenberg foundation, new york, bequest, 2008 1950 1950 hopps, walter, and susan davidson. robert rauschenberg: a retrospective . new york: solomon r. guggenheim foundation, 1997. exhibition catalogue no. 4, p. 48 (pl. 4) robert rauschenberg . new york: gagosian gallery, 2010. exhibition catalogue pp. 13, 42 (ill.), 43 (ill.), 45 (ill. [detail]) cotter, holland. “fruitful talent who made art world multiply.” new york times , november 27, 2010 p. 5 (ill. [install]) barnes, steve. “robert rauschenberg: gagosian.” artnews 110, no. 1 (january 2011) p. 107 solomon r. guggenheim museum, new york, robert rauschenberg: a retrospective , september 19, 1997–january 7, 1998 (also guggenheim museum soho, new york, september 19, 1997–january 4, 1998, and ace gallery, new york, september 19–november 9, 1997). traveled to menil collection, contemporary arts museum houston, and museum of fine arts, houston, february 13–may 17, 1998; museum ludwig, cologne (as robert rauschenberg: retrospektive ), june 27–october 11, 1998; museo guggenheim bilbao (as robert rauschenberg: retrospectiva ), november 21, 1998–march 7, 1999 no. 4 gagosian gallery, new york, robert rauschenberg , october 29, 2010–january 15, 2011 nasher sculpture center, dallas, rauschenberg sculpture , january 31–april 26, 2026",{"fieldData":963,"portalData":975,"recordId":976,"modId":977,"bibliographyItems":978,"exhibitionItems":1031,"searchText":1033},{"pk_ArtworkID":964,"Unique Impression ID":965,"Artist":9,"Title":966,"Display Date":580,"zc_YearFirst":49,"Medium":967,"Dimensions":968,"zf_WebPublished":22,"Series":15,"Reg Number Text":965,"fk_ArtworkSeriesID":15,"zc_htmlTitle":969,"Credit Line":970,"zc_htmlCreditLine":971,"CR_Inscriptions":15,"zc_htmlCRInscriptions":15,"TItle_Alternative":15,"zc_htmlTitleAlternative":15,"Studio":54,"fk_StudioID":55,"CR_Classification":19,"Public Notes":15,"CR_Provenance":15,"zc_SortRegNo":972,"zc_SortRegNo2":21,"zc_htmlCRPublicNotes":15,"zc_htmlCRProvenance":15,"zc_CR_examDate":15,"CR_followup":15,"zf_CR":22,"modificationTimestampAPI":973,"cr_sequence_number":974,"Search Year Start":49,"Search Year Start Circa":15,"Search Year End":49,"Search Year End Circa":15,"Year":580,"CR Number":299,"zf_CRpublished":22,"zf_nonextant":22},118,"51.001","Should Love Come First","Oil, printed paper, and ink on canvas (?)","24 × 30 1\u002F8 in. (61 × 76.4 cm)","\u003Cspan style=\"font-style:italic;\" >Should Love Come First\u003C\u002Fspan>","Painted over by the artist to become Black Painting (no. 84)","\u003Cspan style=\"\" >Painted over by the artist to become \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"font-style:italic;\" >Black Painting\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"\" > (no. 84)\u003C\u002Fspan>",51,"07\u002F31\u002F2026 13:17:40",30,{},"21","486",[979,981,983,985,991,993,995,997,998,1003,1005,1007,1009,1010,1015,1017,1018,1024,1029],{"pk":70,"citation":71,"mentions":980,"year":73,"sort":74},"\u003Cspan style=\"\" >pp. 29 (ill.), 31 (not exhibited)\u003C\u002Fspan>",{"pk":30,"citation":31,"mentions":982,"year":33,"sort":34},"\u003Cspan style=\"\" >p. 55\u003C\u002Fspan>",{"pk":91,"citation":92,"mentions":984,"year":88,"sort":94},"\u003Cspan style=\"\" >pp. 128–29, 129 (fig. 8), 131\u003C\u002Fspan>",{"pk":986,"citation":987,"mentions":988,"year":989,"sort":990},1142,"\u003Cspan style=\"\" >Bernstock, Judith E. “A New Interpretation of Rauschenberg’s Imagery.” \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"font-style:italic;\" >Bruckmanns Pantheon: Internationale Jahreseitschrift für Kunst\u002FInternational Annual Art Journal\u002FRevue annuelle internationale d’art \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"\" >(Munich), no. 46 (1988)\u003C\u002Fspan>","\u003Cspan style=\"\" >p. 150, 150 (fig. 2)\u003C\u002Fspan>",1988,19880000,{"pk":102,"citation":103,"mentions":992,"year":105,"sort":106},"\u003Cspan style=\"\" >pp. 68–71, 75, 82, 187, 215, 230, 437, 488, n.p. (fig. 12)\u003C\u002Fspan>",{"pk":36,"citation":37,"mentions":994,"year":39,"sort":40},"\u003Cspan style=\"\" >pp. 13, 28–29, 31–32, 44, 54 (pl. 18), 55, 153, 169, 173 (not exhibited)\u003C\u002Fspan>",{"pk":122,"citation":123,"mentions":996,"year":119,"sort":120},"\u003Cspan style=\"\" >pp. ix, 90, 135, 175, 219\u003C\u002Fspan>",{"pk":384,"citation":385,"mentions":649,"year":377,"sort":387},{"pk":999,"citation":1000,"mentions":1001,"year":401,"sort":1002},5245,"\u003Cspan style=\"\" >Feinstein, Roni. “Rauschenberg: Solutions for a Small Planet.” \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"font-style:italic;\" >Art in America\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"\" > 86, no. 2 (February 1998)\u003C\u002Fspan>","\u003Cspan style=\"\" >pp. 70, 72\u003C\u002Fspan>",19980200,{"pk":656,"citation":657,"mentions":1004,"year":129,"sort":130},"\u003Cspan style=\"\" >pp. 20 (no. 1), 21, 55, 113\u003C\u002Fspan>",{"pk":667,"citation":668,"mentions":1006,"year":135,"sort":136},"\u003Cspan style=\"\" >p. 50\u003C\u002Fspan>",{"pk":418,"citation":419,"mentions":1008,"year":421,"sort":422},"\u003Cspan style=\"\" >pp. 202, 248 (ill.), 248–49 (not exhibited)\u003C\u002Fspan>",{"pk":424,"citation":425,"mentions":1006,"year":421,"sort":422},{"pk":1011,"citation":1012,"mentions":1013,"year":441,"sort":1014},4018,"\u003Cspan style=\"\" >Katz, Jonathan. “‘Committing the Perfect Crime’: Sexuality, Assemblage, and the Postmodern Turn in American Art.” \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"font-style:italic;\" >Art Journal\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"\" > 67, no. 1 (Spring 2008)\u003C\u002Fspan>","\u003Cspan style=\"\" >pp. 38 (ill.), 39–41, 43–44\u003C\u002Fspan>",20080300,{"pk":444,"citation":445,"mentions":1016,"year":146,"sort":447},"\u003Cspan style=\"\" >pp. 10, 17 (no. 11)\u003C\u002Fspan>",{"pk":144,"citation":145,"mentions":15,"year":146,"sort":147},{"pk":1019,"citation":1020,"mentions":1021,"year":1022,"sort":1023},2021,"\u003Cspan style=\"\" >Crow, Thomas. \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"font-style:italic;\" >The Long March of Pop: Art, Music, and Design, 1930–1995\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"\" >. New Haven, Conn.: Yale University Press, 2014\u003C\u002Fspan>","\u003Cspan style=\"\" >pp. 55–56, 56 (fig. 42), 63, 72\u003C\u002Fspan>",2014,20140000,{"pk":1025,"citation":1026,"mentions":1027,"year":573,"sort":1028},2271,"\u003Cspan style=\"\" >Hopps, Walter. “Robert Rauschenberg.” In \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"font-style:italic;\" >The Dream Colony: A Life in Art\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"\" >, by Walter Hopps pp. 237–55. New York: Bloomsbury, 2017\u003C\u002Fspan>","\u003Cspan style=\"\" >p. 244\u003C\u002Fspan>",20170000,{"pk":149,"citation":150,"mentions":1030,"year":152,"sort":153},"\u003Cspan style=\"\" >p. 71\u003C\u002Fspan>",[1032],{"citation":156,"catalogue":15,"year":49},"18 should love come first 1951 oil, printed paper, and ink on canvas (?) 24 × 30 1\u002F8 in. (61 × 76.4 cm) painted over by the artist to become black painting (no. 84) 51.001 1951 1951 robert rauschenberg . washington, d.c.: national collection of fine arts, smithsonian institution, 1976. exhibition catalogue pp. 29 (ill.), 31 (not exhibited) tomkins, calvin.  off the wall: robert rauschenberg and the art world of our time . garden city, n.y.: doubleday, 1980 p. 55 feinstein, roni. “the unknown early robert rauschenberg: the betty parsons exhibition of 1951.” arts magazine (new york) 59, no. 5 (january 1985) pp. 128–29, 129 (fig. 8), 131 bernstock, judith e. “a new interpretation of rauschenberg’s imagery.” bruckmanns pantheon: internationale jahreseitschrift für kunst\u002Finternational annual art journal\u002Frevue annuelle internationale d’art (munich), no. 46 (1988) p. 150, 150 (fig. 2) feinstein, roni. “random order: the first fifteen years of robert rauschenberg’s art, 1949–1964.” phd diss., new york university, 1990. proquest (303859753) pp. 68–71, 75, 82, 187, 215, 230, 437, 488, n.p. (fig. 12) hopps, walter. robert rauschenberg: the early 1950s . houston: menil collection; houston fine art press, 1991. exhibition catalogue pp. 13, 28–29, 31–32, 44, 54 (pl. 18), 55, 153, 169, 173 (not exhibited) wainwright, lisa. “reading junk: thematic imagery in the art of robert rauschenberg from 1952 to 1964.” phd diss., university of illinois, urbana-champaign, 1993. proquest (304050074) pp. ix, 90, 135, 175, 219 bois, yve-alain. “early lead.” artforum 36, no. 1 (september 1997) p. 97 feinstein, roni. “rauschenberg: solutions for a small planet.” art in america 86, no. 2 (february 1998) pp. 70, 72 jäger, joachim.  das zivilisierte bild: robert rauschenberg und seine combine-paintings der jahre 1960–1962 . klagenfurt, austria: ritter, 1999 pp. 20 (no. 1), 21, 55, 113 mattison, robert s.  robert rauschenberg: breaking boundaries . new haven, conn.: yale university press, 2003 p. 50 schimmel, paul. robert rauschenberg: combines . los angeles: museum of contemporary art, 2005. exhibition catalogue pp. 202, 248 (ill.), 248–49 (not exhibited) tomkins, calvin. off the wall: a portrait of robert rauschenberg . new york: picador, 2005 p. 50 katz, jonathan. “‘committing the perfect crime’: sexuality, assemblage, and the postmodern turn in american art.” art journal 67, no. 1 (spring 2008) pp. 38 (ill.), 39–41, 43–44 craft, catherine.  robert rauschenberg . london: phaidon, 2013 pp. 10, 17 (no. 11) davidson, susan. “mother of god.” rauschenberg research project, san francisco museum of modern art, july 2013 crow, thomas.  the long march of pop: art, music, and design, 1930–1995 . new haven, conn.: yale university press, 2014 pp. 55–56, 56 (fig. 42), 63, 72 hopps, walter. “robert rauschenberg.” in the dream colony: a life in art , by walter hopps pp. 237–55. new york: bloomsbury, 2017 p. 244 kotz, mary lynn. rauschenberg: art and life . 3rd ed. new york: harry n. abrams, 2018 p. 71 betty parsons gallery, new york, paintings by bob rauschenberg , may 14–june 2, 1951",{"fieldData":1035,"portalData":1054,"recordId":1055,"modId":1056,"bibliographyItems":1057,"exhibitionItems":1185,"searchText":1214},{"pk_ArtworkID":1036,"Unique Impression ID":1037,"Artist":9,"Title":1038,"Display Date":580,"zc_YearFirst":49,"Medium":1039,"Dimensions":1040,"zf_WebPublished":22,"Series":1041,"Reg Number Text":1037,"fk_ArtworkSeriesID":1042,"zc_htmlTitle":1043,"Credit Line":923,"zc_htmlCreditLine":924,"CR_Inscriptions":1044,"zc_htmlCRInscriptions":1045,"TItle_Alternative":15,"zc_htmlTitleAlternative":15,"Studio":1046,"fk_StudioID":1047,"CR_Classification":19,"Public Notes":15,"CR_Provenance":1048,"zc_SortRegNo":972,"zc_SortRegNo2":21,"zc_htmlCRPublicNotes":15,"zc_htmlCRProvenance":1049,"zc_CR_examDate":1050,"CR_followup":15,"zf_CR":22,"modificationTimestampAPI":1051,"cr_sequence_number":1052,"Search Year Start":49,"Search Year Start Circa":15,"Search Year End":49,"Search Year End Circa":15,"Year":580,"CR Number":1053,"zf_CRpublished":22,"zf_nonextant":15},119,"51.002","White Painting","House paint on canvas, seven panels","72 × 126 in. (182.9 × 320 cm)","White Paintings",228,"\u003Cspan style=\"font-style:italic;\" >White Painting\u003C\u002Fspan>","Inscribed on back of each panel, upper center: RAUSCHENBERG WHT PAINTINGS 1951 ONE OF 7 I [or] II [or] III [or] IV [or] V [or] VI [or] VII; on stretcher of each panel: [red fingerprint]","\u003Cspan style=\"\" >Inscribed on back of each panel, upper center: \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"font-style:italic;\" >RAUSCHENBERG WHT PAINTINGS 1951 ONE OF 7 I\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"\" > [or] \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"font-style:italic;\" >II\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"\" > [or] \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"font-style:italic;\" >III\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"\" > [or] \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"font-style:italic;\" >IV\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"\" > [or] \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"font-style:italic;\" >V\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"\" > [or] \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"font-style:italic;\" >VI\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"\" > [or] \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"font-style:italic;\" >VII\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"\" >; on stretcher of each panel: [red fingerprint]\u003C\u002Fspan>","Black Mountain College",10001,"[National Gallery of Art, Washington, D.C., long-term loan, 1985–97]\rRobert Rauschenberg Foundation, New York, bequest, 2008","\u003Cspan style=\"\" >[National Gallery of Art, Washington, D.C., long-term loan, 1985–97]\u003Cbr\u002F>Robert Rauschenberg Foundation, New York, bequest, 2008\u003C\u002Fspan>","12\u002F8\u002F2022","07\u002F28\u002F2026 10:30:26",54,36,{},"22","1214",[1058,1064,1068,1074,1075,1077,1079,1084,1090,1096,1098,1103,1108,1110,1112,1116,1118,1123,1125,1126,1130,1132,1134,1136,1138,1140,1144,1146,1152,1156,1158,1160,1164,1166,1167,1171,1175,1179,1181,1183],{"pk":1059,"citation":1060,"mentions":1061,"year":1062,"sort":1063},3953,"\u003Cspan style=\"\" >Crehan, Hubert. “The See Change: Raw Duck.” \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"font-style:italic;\" >Art Digest\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"\" > 27, no. 20 (September 15, 1953)\u003C\u002Fspan>","\u003Cspan style=\"\" >p. 25\u003C\u002Fspan>",1953,19530915,{"pk":1065,"citation":1066,"mentions":1067,"year":1062,"sort":1063},3954,"\u003Cspan style=\"\" >Ashton, Dore. “57th Street: Bob Rauschenberg.” \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"font-style:italic;\" >Art Digest\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"\" > 27, no. 20 (September 15, 1953)\u003C\u002Fspan>","\u003Cspan style=\"\" >p. 21\u003C\u002Fspan>",{"pk":1069,"citation":1070,"mentions":1071,"year":1072,"sort":1073},4333,"\u003Cspan style=\"\" >Cage, John. “On Robert Rauschenberg, Artist, and His Work.” \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"font-style:italic;\" >Metro\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"\" > (Milan), no. 2 (1961)\u003C\u002Fspan>","\u003Cspan style=\"\" >p. 36 (fig. 2)\u003C\u002Fspan>",1961,19610000,{"pk":24,"citation":269,"mentions":343,"year":271,"sort":272},{"pk":283,"citation":284,"mentions":1076,"year":271,"sort":286},"\u003Cspan style=\"\" >p. 11\u003C\u002Fspan>",{"pk":294,"citation":295,"mentions":1078,"year":291,"sort":297},"\u003Cspan style=\"\" >p. 39\u003C\u002Fspan>",{"pk":1080,"citation":1081,"mentions":1082,"year":291,"sort":1083},502,"\u003Cspan style=\"\" >Calas, Nicolas. “Robert Rauschenberg.” \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"font-style:italic;\" >Kulchur\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"\" > (New York) 4, no. 15 (Autumn 1964)\u003C\u002Fspan>","\u003Cspan style=\"\" >p. 16, as \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"font-style:italic;\" >Seven Whites\u003C\u002Fspan>",19640900,{"pk":1085,"citation":1086,"mentions":1087,"year":1088,"sort":1089},6091,"\u003Cspan style=\"\" >Kaprow, Allan. “Experimental Art.” \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"font-style:italic;\" >Artnews\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"\" > 65, no. 1 (March 1966)\u003C\u002Fspan>","\u003Cspan style=\"\" >p. 63 (ill. [install])\u003C\u002Fspan>",1966,19660300,{"pk":1091,"citation":1092,"mentions":1093,"year":1094,"sort":1095},6197,"\u003Cspan style=\"\" >Bochner, Mel. “The Serial Attitude.” \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"font-style:italic;\" >Artforum\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"\" > 6, no. 4 (December 1967)\u003C\u002Fspan>","\u003Cspan style=\"\" >p. 28, as \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"font-style:italic;\" >Seven White Panels\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"\" >, p. 29 (ill.), as \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"font-style:italic;\" >White Painting\u003C\u002Fspan>",1967,19671200,{"pk":305,"citation":306,"mentions":1097,"year":302,"sort":303},"\u003Cspan style=\"\" >no. 2, n.p. (ill.) (not exhibited)\u003C\u002Fspan>",{"pk":1099,"citation":1100,"mentions":1101,"year":302,"sort":1102},4523,"\u003Cspan style=\"\" >Glueck, Grace. “Ben Shahn Shines On.” \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"font-style:italic;\" >New York Times\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"\" >, October 13, 1968\u003C\u002Fspan>","\u003Cspan style=\"\" >sec. D, p. 39\u003C\u002Fspan>",19681013,{"pk":1104,"citation":1105,"mentions":1106,"year":302,"sort":1107},4524,"\u003Cspan style=\"\" >Pincus-Witten, Robert. “New York: Robert Rauschenberg, Castelli Gallery.” \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"font-style:italic;\" >Artforum\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"\" > 7, no. 4 (December 1968)\u003C\u002Fspan>","\u003Cspan style=\"\" >pp. 54 (ill. [install]), 55\u003C\u002Fspan>",19681200,{"pk":22,"citation":313,"mentions":1109,"year":315,"sort":316},"\u003Cspan style=\"\" >p. 5 (ill.)\u003C\u002Fspan>",{"pk":324,"citation":325,"mentions":1111,"year":327,"sort":328},"\u003Cspan style=\"\" >n.p. (pl. 2)\u003C\u002Fspan>",{"pk":1113,"citation":1114,"mentions":134,"year":844,"sort":1115},4757,"\u003Cspan style=\"\" >Olson, Roberta J. M. “A Retrospective: Castelli on Rauschenberg.” \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"font-style:italic;\" >SoHo Weekly News \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"\" >(New York), March 24, 1977\u003C\u002Fspan>",19770324,{"pk":76,"citation":77,"mentions":1117,"year":79,"sort":80},"\u003Cspan style=\"\" >p. 175 (no. 125)\u003C\u002Fspan>",{"pk":1119,"citation":1120,"mentions":1121,"year":344,"sort":1122},4104,"\u003Cspan style=\"\" >Ratcliff, Carter. “Mostly Monochrome.” \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"font-style:italic;\" >Art in America\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"\" > 69, no. 4 (April 1981)\u003C\u002Fspan>","\u003Cspan style=\"\" >p. 113 (ill.)\u003C\u002Fspan>",19810400,{"pk":355,"citation":356,"mentions":1124,"year":99,"sort":358},"\u003Cspan style=\"\" >n.p.\u003C\u002Fspan>",{"pk":96,"citation":97,"mentions":98,"year":99,"sort":100},{"pk":1127,"citation":1128,"mentions":1129,"year":989,"sort":990},2409,"\u003Cspan style=\"font-style:italic;\" >La couleur seule: L’expérience du monochrome\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"\" >. Lyon: Octobre des Arts, 1988. Exhibition catalogue\u003C\u002Fspan>","\u003Cspan style=\"\" >p. 43 (ill.) (not exhibited)\u003C\u002Fspan>",{"pk":102,"citation":103,"mentions":1131,"year":105,"sort":106},"\u003Cspan style=\"\" >p. 87, n.p. (fig. 21)\u003C\u002Fspan>",{"pk":36,"citation":37,"mentions":1133,"year":39,"sort":40},"\u003Cspan style=\"\" >pp. 80, 85 (pl. 35), 157 (fig. 47 [install]), 158, 165\u003C\u002Fspan>",{"pk":374,"citation":375,"mentions":1135,"year":377,"sort":378},"\u003Cspan style=\"\" >no. 17, p. 59 (pl. 17)\u003C\u002Fspan>",{"pk":126,"citation":127,"mentions":1137,"year":129,"sort":130},"\u003Cspan style=\"\" >p. 12 (no. 5)\u003C\u002Fspan>",{"pk":660,"citation":661,"mentions":1139,"year":409,"sort":663},"\u003Cspan style=\"\" >p. 109 (fig. 12)\u003C\u002Fspan>",{"pk":1141,"citation":1142,"mentions":1143,"year":415,"sort":416},1594,"\u003Cspan style=\"\" >Katz, Vincent, ed. \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"font-style:italic;\" >Black Mountain College: Experiment in Art\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"\" >. Cambridge, Mass.: MIT Press, 2002. Exhibition catalogue\u003C\u002Fspan>","\u003Cspan style=\"\" >p. 158 (ill.)\u003C\u002Fspan>",{"pk":132,"citation":133,"mentions":1145,"year":135,"sort":136},"\u003Cspan style=\"\" >p. 51 (ill.)\u003C\u002Fspan>",{"pk":1147,"citation":1148,"mentions":1149,"year":1150,"sort":1151},117,"\u003Cspan style=\"\" >Davidson, Susan, and David White. \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"font-style:italic;\" >Rauschenberg\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"\" >. Ferrara, Italy: Ferrara Arte, 2004. Exhibition catalogue\u003C\u002Fspan>","\u003Cspan style=\"\" >p. 80 (fig. 39)\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"font-style:italic;\" > \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"\" >(not exhibited)\u003C\u002Fspan>",2004,20040000,{"pk":1153,"citation":1154,"mentions":1155,"year":1150,"sort":1151},1587,"\u003Cspan style=\"\" >Dennison, Lisa, and Nancy Spector. \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"font-style:italic;\" >Singular Forms (Sometimes Repeated): Art from 1951 to the Present\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"\" >. New York: Solomon R. Guggenheim Foundation, 2004. Exhibition catalogue\u003C\u002Fspan>","\u003Cspan style=\"\" >p. 82 (ill.)\u003C\u002Fspan>",{"pk":428,"citation":429,"mentions":1157,"year":431,"sort":432},"\u003Cspan style=\"\" >p. 17 (ill.)\u003C\u002Fspan>",{"pk":434,"citation":435,"mentions":1159,"year":431,"sort":432},"\u003Cspan style=\"\" >p. 107 (fig. 12)\u003C\u002Fspan>",{"pk":1161,"citation":1162,"mentions":1163,"year":141,"sort":142},1356,"\u003Cspan style=\"\" >Davidson, Susan, and David White, eds. \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"font-style:italic;\" >Robert Rauschenberg: Photographs 1949–1962\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"\" >. New York: D.A.P.\u002FDistributed Art Publishers, 2011\u003C\u002Fspan>","\u003Cspan style=\"\" >pp. 24, 175 (pl. 81)\u003C\u002Fspan>",{"pk":444,"citation":445,"mentions":1165,"year":146,"sort":447},"\u003Cspan style=\"\" >p. 31 (no. 24)\u003C\u002Fspan>",{"pk":688,"citation":689,"mentions":15,"year":146,"sort":147},{"pk":1168,"citation":1169,"mentions":1170,"year":1022,"sort":1023},1883,"\u003Cspan style=\"\" >Nesin, Kate. \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"font-style:italic;\" >Cy Twombly’s Things\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"\" >. New Haven, Conn.: Yale University Press, 2014\u003C\u002Fspan>","\u003Cspan style=\"\" >p. 58 (fig. 13)\u003C\u002Fspan>",{"pk":1172,"citation":1173,"mentions":1174,"year":1022,"sort":1023},2249,"\u003Cspan style=\"\" >Stiles, Kristine, ed. \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"font-style:italic;\" >Rauschenberg: Collecting and Connecting\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"\" >. Durham, N.C.: Nasher Museum of Art at Duke University; New York: Robert Rauschenberg Foundation, 2014. Exhibition catalogue\u003C\u002Fspan>","\u003Cspan style=\"\" >pp. 14–15 (ill.)\u003C\u002Fspan>",{"pk":1176,"citation":1177,"mentions":1178,"year":561,"sort":562},2012,"\u003Cspan style=\"\" >Falconer, Morgan. \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"font-style:italic;\" >Painting Beyond Pollock\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"\" >. London: Phaidon, 2015\u003C\u002Fspan>","\u003Cspan style=\"\" >pp. 168–69 (ill.)\u003C\u002Fspan>",{"pk":450,"citation":451,"mentions":1180,"year":187,"sort":188},"\u003Cspan style=\"\" >p. 31 (fig. 23)\u003C\u002Fspan>",{"pk":454,"citation":455,"mentions":1182,"year":187,"sort":188},"\u003Cspan style=\"\" >pp. 51 (pl. 14), 88 (ill.)\u003C\u002Fspan>",{"pk":465,"citation":466,"mentions":1184,"year":468,"sort":469},"\u003Cspan style=\"\" >pp. 82, 89 (fig. 5), 93 (fig. 10 [install])\u003C\u002Fspan>",[1186,1188,1190,1192,1194,1197,1198,1200,1201,1203,1206,1208,1210,1212],{"citation":1187,"catalogue":15,"year":1062},"\u003Cspan style=\"\" >Stable Gallery, New York, \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"font-style:italic;\" >Rauschenberg: Paintings and Sculpture\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"\" >, September 15–October 3, 1953\u003C\u002Fspan>",{"citation":484,"catalogue":1189,"year":271},"no. 2",{"citation":1191,"catalogue":15,"year":302},"\u003Cspan style=\"\" >Finch College Museum of Art, New York, \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"font-style:italic;\" >Art in Series\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"\" >, November 22, 1967–January 7, 1968\u003C\u002Fspan>",{"citation":1193,"catalogue":15,"year":302},"\u003Cspan style=\"\" >Leo Castelli Gallery, New York, \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"font-style:italic;\" >White Paintings 1951\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"\" >, October 12–26, 1968\u003C\u002Fspan>",{"citation":1195,"catalogue":15,"year":1196},"\u003Cspan style=\"\" >Ace Gallery, Venice, Calif., \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"font-style:italic;\" >Rauschenberg White Paintings (1951)\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"\" >, April 10–30, 1973. Traveled to Ace Gallery, Vancouver, June 1–16, 1973\u003C\u002Fspan>",1973,{"citation":499,"catalogue":15,"year":99},{"citation":1199,"catalogue":15,"year":99},"\u003Cspan style=\"\" >National Gallery of Art, Washington, D.C., \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"font-style:italic;\" >Seven American Masters\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"\" >, July 4–November 15, 1986\u003C\u002Fspan>",{"citation":501,"catalogue":15,"year":119},{"citation":504,"catalogue":1202,"year":129},"no. 17",{"citation":1204,"catalogue":15,"year":1205},"\u003Cspan style=\"\" >Solomon R. Guggenheim Museum, New York, \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"font-style:italic;\" >The Global Guggenheim: Selections from the Extended Collection\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"\" >, February 9–April 22, 2001\u003C\u002Fspan>",2001,{"citation":1207,"catalogue":15,"year":135},"\u003Cspan style=\"\" >Museo Nacional Centro de Arte Reina Sofía, Madrid, \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"font-style:italic;\" >Black Mountain College: Una aventura americana \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"\" >(\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"font-style:italic;\" >Black Mountain College: Experiment in Art\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"\" >), October 28, 2002–January 13, 2003\u003C\u002Fspan>",{"citation":1209,"catalogue":15,"year":1150},"\u003Cspan style=\"\" >Solomon R. Guggenheim Museum, New York, \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"font-style:italic;\" >Singular Forms (Sometimes Repeated): Art from 1951 to the Present\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"\" >, March 5–May 19, 2004\u003C\u002Fspan>",{"citation":1211,"catalogue":15,"year":561},"\u003Cspan style=\"\" >Nasher Museum of Art at Duke University, Durham, N.C., \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"font-style:italic;\" >Rauschenberg: Collecting & Connecting\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"\" >, August 28, 2014–January 11, 2015\u003C\u002Fspan>",{"citation":507,"catalogue":1213,"year":152},"(not shown in San Francisco)","36 white painting 1951 house paint on canvas, seven panels 72 × 126 in. (182.9 × 320 cm) robert rauschenberg foundation, new york 51.002 inscribed on back of each panel, upper center: rauschenberg wht paintings 1951 one of 7 i [or] ii [or] iii [or] iv [or] v [or] vi [or] vii ; on stretcher of each panel: [red fingerprint] [national gallery of art, washington, d.c., long-term loan, 1985–97] robert rauschenberg foundation, new york, bequest, 2008 white paintings 1951 1951 crehan, hubert. “the see change: raw duck.” art digest 27, no. 20 (september 15, 1953) p. 25 ashton, dore. “57th street: bob rauschenberg.” art digest 27, no. 20 (september 15, 1953) p. 21 cage, john. “on robert rauschenberg, artist, and his work.” metro (milan), no. 2 (1961) p. 36 (fig. 2) solomon, alan r. robert rauschenberg . new york: jewish museum, 1963. exhibition catalogue no. 2, n.p. johnston, jill. “reviews and previews: robert rauschenberg.” artnews 62, no. 3 (may 1963) p. 11 tomkins, calvin. “profiles: moving out.” new yorker 40, no. 2 (february 29, 1964) p. 39 calas, nicolas. “robert rauschenberg.” kulchur (new york) 4, no. 15 (autumn 1964) p. 16, as seven whites kaprow, allan. “experimental art.” artnews 65, no. 1 (march 1966) p. 63 (ill. [install]) bochner, mel. “the serial attitude.” artforum 6, no. 4 (december 1967) p. 28, as seven white panels , p. 29 (ill.), as white painting robert rauschenberg: selections . fort worth, texas: fort worth art center museum, 1968. exhibition catalogue no. 2, n.p. (ill.) (not exhibited) glueck, grace. “ben shahn shines on.” new york times , october 13, 1968 sec. d, p. 39 pincus-witten, robert. “new york: robert rauschenberg, castelli gallery.” artforum 7, no. 4 (december 1968) pp. 54 (ill. [install]), 55 forge, andrew. rauschenberg . new york: harry n. abrams, [1969] p. 5 (ill.) forge, andrew. rauschenberg . new york: harry n. abrams, [1972] n.p. (pl. 2) olson, roberta j. m. “a retrospective: castelli on rauschenberg.” soho weekly news (new york), march 24, 1977 p. 26 sandler, irving. “rauschenberg and johns.” in the new york school: the painters and sculptors of the fifties , by irving sandler, pp. 174–95. new york: harper & row, 1978 p. 175 (no. 125) ratcliff, carter. “mostly monochrome.” art in america 69, no. 4 (april 1981) p. 113 (ill.) rauschenberg: the white and black paintings 1949–1952 . new york: larry gagosian gallery, 1986. exhibition catalogue n.p. feinstein, roni. “the early work of robert rauschenberg: the white paintings, the black paintings, and the elemental sculptures.” arts magazine (new york) 61, no. 1 (september 1986) p. 28 la couleur seule: l’expérience du monochrome . lyon: octobre des arts, 1988. exhibition catalogue p. 43 (ill.) (not exhibited) feinstein, roni. “random order: the first fifteen years of robert rauschenberg’s art, 1949–1964.” phd diss., new york university, 1990. proquest (303859753) p. 87, n.p. (fig. 21) hopps, walter. robert rauschenberg: the early 1950s . houston: menil collection; houston fine art press, 1991. exhibition catalogue pp. 80, 85 (pl. 35), 157 (fig. 47 [install]), 158, 165 hopps, walter, and susan davidson. robert rauschenberg: a retrospective . new york: solomon r. guggenheim foundation, 1997. exhibition catalogue no. 17, p. 59 (pl. 17) hunter, sam. robert rauschenberg . new york: rizzoli, 1999 p. 12 (no. 5) joseph, branden w. “white on white.” critical inquiry 27, no. 1 (autumn 2000) p. 109 (fig. 12) katz, vincent, ed. black mountain college: experiment in art . cambridge, mass.: mit press, 2002. exhibition catalogue p. 158 (ill.) joseph, branden w. random order: robert rauschenberg and the neo-avant-garde . cambridge, mass.: mit press, 2003 p. 51 (ill.) davidson, susan, and david white. rauschenberg . ferrara, italy: ferrara arte, 2004. exhibition catalogue p. 80 (fig. 39) (not exhibited) dennison, lisa, and nancy spector. singular forms (sometimes repeated): art from 1951 to the present . new york: solomon r. guggenheim foundation, 2004. exhibition catalogue p. 82 (ill.) hunter, sam. robert rauschenberg: works, writings and interviews . barcelona: polígrafa, 2006 p. 17 (ill.) pissarro, joachim.  cézanne\u002Fpissarro, johns\u002Frauschenberg: comparative studies on intersubjectivity in modern art . new york: cambridge university press, 2006 p. 107 (fig. 12) davidson, susan, and david white, eds.  robert rauschenberg: photographs 1949–1962 . new york: d.a.p.\u002Fdistributed art publishers, 2011 pp. 24, 175 (pl. 81) craft, catherine.  robert rauschenberg . london: phaidon, 2013 p. 31 (no. 24) roberts, sarah. “white painting [three panel].” rauschenberg research project, san francisco museum of modern art, july 2013 nesin, kate. cy twombly’s things . new haven, conn.: yale university press, 2014 p. 58 (fig. 13) stiles, kristine, ed. rauschenberg: collecting and connecting . durham, n.c.: nasher museum of art at duke university; new york: robert rauschenberg foundation, 2014. exhibition catalogue pp. 14–15 (ill.) falconer, morgan. painting beyond pollock . london: phaidon, 2015 pp. 168–69 (ill.) krčma, ed. robert rauschenberg . london: tate publishing, 2016 p. 31 (fig. 23) dickerman, leah, and achim borchardt-hume. robert rauschenberg . new york: museum of modern art; london: tate publishing, 2016. exhibition catalogue pp. 51 (pl. 14), 88 (ill.) stemmrich, gregor. robert rauschenberg’s “erased de kooning drawing” (1953): modernism, literalism, postmodernism . translated by steven lindberg. berlin: hatje cantz, 2023 pp. 82, 89 (fig. 5), 93 (fig. 10 [install]) stable gallery, new york, rauschenberg: paintings and sculpture , september 15–october 3, 1953 jewish museum, new york, robert rauschenberg , march 31–may 12, 1963 no. 2 finch college museum of art, new york, art in series , november 22, 1967–january 7, 1968 leo castelli gallery, new york, white paintings 1951 , october 12–26, 1968 ace gallery, venice, calif., rauschenberg white paintings (1951) , april 10–30, 1973. traveled to ace gallery, vancouver, june 1–16, 1973 larry gagosian gallery, new york, rauschenberg: the white and black paintings 1949–1952 , april 18–may 31, 1986 national gallery of art, washington, d.c., seven american masters , july 4–november 15, 1986 corcoran gallery of art, washington, d.c., robert rauschenberg: the early 1950s , june 15–august 11, 1991. organized by menil collection, houston. traveled to menil collection, houston, september 27, 1991–january 5, 1992; museum of contemporary art chicago, february 8–april 19, 1992; san francisco museum of modern art, may 14–august 16, 1992; guggenheim museum soho, new york, october 24, 1992–january 24, 1993 solomon r. guggenheim museum, new york, robert rauschenberg: a retrospective , september 19, 1997–january 7, 1998 (also guggenheim museum soho, new york, september 19, 1997–january 4, 1998, and ace gallery, new york, september 19–november 9, 1997). traveled to menil collection, contemporary arts museum houston, and museum of fine arts, houston, february 13–may 17, 1998; museum ludwig, cologne (as robert rauschenberg: retrospektive ), june 27–october 11, 1998; museo guggenheim bilbao (as robert rauschenberg: retrospectiva ), november 21, 1998–march 7, 1999 no. 17 solomon r. guggenheim museum, new york, the global guggenheim: selections from the extended collection , february 9–april 22, 2001 museo nacional centro de arte reina sofía, madrid, black mountain college: una aventura americana ( black mountain college: experiment in art ), october 28, 2002–january 13, 2003 solomon r. guggenheim museum, new york, singular forms (sometimes repeated): art from 1951 to the present , march 5–may 19, 2004 nasher museum of art at duke university, durham, n.c., rauschenberg: collecting & connecting , august 28, 2014–january 11, 2015 tate modern, london, robert rauschenberg , december 1, 2016–april 2, 2017. organized with museum of modern art, new york. traveled to museum of modern art, new york (as robert rauschenberg: among friends ), may 21–september 17, 2017; san francisco museum of modern art (as robert rauschenberg: erasing the rules ), november 18, 2017–march 25, 2018 (not shown in san francisco)",{"fieldData":1216,"portalData":1226,"recordId":1227,"modId":1228,"bibliographyItems":1229,"exhibitionItems":1285,"searchText":1316},{"pk_ArtworkID":1217,"Unique Impression ID":1218,"Artist":9,"Title":1038,"Display Date":580,"zc_YearFirst":49,"Medium":1219,"Dimensions":1220,"zf_WebPublished":22,"Series":1041,"Reg Number Text":1218,"fk_ArtworkSeriesID":1042,"zc_htmlTitle":1043,"Credit Line":923,"zc_htmlCreditLine":924,"CR_Inscriptions":1221,"zc_htmlCRInscriptions":1222,"TItle_Alternative":15,"zc_htmlTitleAlternative":15,"Studio":1046,"fk_StudioID":1047,"CR_Classification":19,"Public Notes":15,"CR_Provenance":1223,"zc_SortRegNo":972,"zc_SortRegNo2":21,"zc_htmlCRPublicNotes":15,"zc_htmlCRProvenance":1224,"zc_CR_examDate":1050,"CR_followup":15,"zf_CR":22,"modificationTimestampAPI":1225,"cr_sequence_number":258,"Search Year Start":49,"Search Year Start Circa":15,"Search Year End":49,"Search Year End Circa":15,"Year":580,"CR Number":58,"zf_CRpublished":22,"zf_nonextant":15},120,"51.003","House paint on canvas","48 × 48 in. (122 × 122 cm)","Inscribed on back, upper center: RAUSCHENBERG WHT PAINTINGS 1951 ONE 1; on stretcher: [red fingerprint]","\u003Cspan style=\"\" >Inscribed on back, upper center: \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"font-style:italic;\" >RAUSCHENBERG WHT PAINTINGS 1951 ONE 1\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"\" >; on stretcher: [red fingerprint]\u003C\u002Fspan>","Robert Rauschenberg Foundation, New York, bequest, 2008","\u003Cspan style=\"\" >Robert Rauschenberg Foundation, New York, bequest, 2008\u003C\u002Fspan>","07\u002F28\u002F2026 10:30:40",{},"23","813",[1230,1231,1232,1234,1235,1237,1238,1242,1248,1251,1253,1255,1257,1259,1263,1265,1269,1273,1278,1282,1283],{"pk":1099,"citation":1100,"mentions":1101,"year":302,"sort":1102},{"pk":1104,"citation":1105,"mentions":982,"year":302,"sort":1107},{"pk":70,"citation":71,"mentions":1233,"year":73,"sort":74},"\u003Cspan style=\"\" >no. 5, p. 66 (ill.)\u003C\u002Fspan>",{"pk":1113,"citation":1114,"mentions":134,"year":844,"sort":1115},{"pk":355,"citation":356,"mentions":1236,"year":99,"sort":358},"\u003Cspan style=\"\" >n.p. (pl. 1)\u003C\u002Fspan>",{"pk":96,"citation":97,"mentions":98,"year":99,"sort":100},{"pk":1239,"citation":1240,"mentions":1241,"year":791,"sort":792},1596,"\u003Cspan style=\"\" >Harris, Mary Emma.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"font-style:italic;\" > The Arts at Black Mountain College. \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"\" >Cambridge, Mass.: MIT Press, 1987\u003C\u002Fspan>","\u003Cspan style=\"\" >p. 230 (ill.)\u003C\u002Fspan>",{"pk":1243,"citation":1244,"mentions":1245,"year":1246,"sort":1247},434,"\u003Cspan style=\"font-style:italic;\" >ROCI: Rauschenberg Overseas Culture Interchange \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"\" >[USSR]. West Islip, N.Y.: Universal Limited Art Editions, 1989. Exhibition brochure\u003C\u002Fspan>","\u003Cspan style=\"\" >p. 7 (ill.)\u003C\u002Fspan>",1989,19890000,{"pk":1249,"citation":1250,"mentions":1245,"year":105,"sort":106},1629,"\u003Cspan style=\"font-style:italic;\" >ROCI: Rauschenberg Overseas Culture Interchange \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"\" >[Berlin]. West Islip, N.Y.: Universal Limited Art Editions, 1990. Exhibition brochure\u003C\u002Fspan>",{"pk":102,"citation":103,"mentions":1252,"year":105,"sort":106},"\u003Cspan style=\"\" >p. 87, n.p. (fig. 17)\u003C\u002Fspan>",{"pk":36,"citation":37,"mentions":1254,"year":39,"sort":40},"\u003Cspan style=\"\" >pp. 80, 81 (pl. 31), 154, 184\u003C\u002Fspan>",{"pk":374,"citation":375,"mentions":1256,"year":377,"sort":378},"\u003Cspan style=\"\" >no. 14, p. 56 (pl. 14)\u003C\u002Fspan>",{"pk":660,"citation":661,"mentions":1258,"year":409,"sort":663},"\u003Cspan style=\"\" >p. 93 (fig. 1)\u003C\u002Fspan>",{"pk":1260,"citation":1261,"mentions":1262,"year":415,"sort":416},6415,"\u003Cspan style=\"\" >Tupitsyn, Margarita. \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"font-style:italic;\" >Malevich and Film.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"\" > New Haven, Conn.: Yale University Press; Lisbon: Fundação Centro Cultural de Belém, 2002. Exhibition catalogue\u003C\u002Fspan>","\u003Cspan style=\"\" >pp. 100, 101 (fig. 145)\u003C\u002Fspan>",{"pk":132,"citation":133,"mentions":1264,"year":135,"sort":136},"\u003Cspan style=\"\" >p. 24 (ill.)\u003C\u002Fspan>",{"pk":1266,"citation":1267,"mentions":1268,"year":135,"sort":136},1559,"\u003Cspan style=\"\" >Molesworth, Helen, ed. \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"font-style:italic;\" >Work Ethic\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"\" >. Baltimore: Baltimore Museum of Art; University Park: Pennsylvania State University Press, 2003. Exhibition catalogue\u003C\u002Fspan>","\u003Cspan style=\"\" >p. 155 (ill.)\u003C\u002Fspan>",{"pk":1270,"citation":1271,"mentions":1272,"year":421,"sort":422},1575,"\u003Cspan style=\"font-style:italic;\" >Starting at Zero: Black Mountain College 1933–57\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"\" >. Bristol: Arnolfini; Cambridge, U.K.: Kettle’s Yard, 2005. Exhibition catalogue\u003C\u002Fspan>","\u003Cspan style=\"\" >pp. 101 (ill.), 115\u003C\u002Fspan>",{"pk":1274,"citation":1275,"mentions":1276,"year":431,"sort":1277},5750,"\u003Cspan style=\"\" >Gayford, Martin. “Starting at Zero: Black Mountain College 1933–57.” \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"font-style:italic;\" >Modern Painters\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"\" >, March 2006\u003C\u002Fspan>","\u003Cspan style=\"\" >p. 123\u003C\u002Fspan>",20060300,{"pk":1279,"citation":1280,"mentions":1281,"year":676,"sort":677},463,"\u003Cspan style=\"\" >Celant, Germano. \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"font-style:italic;\" >Manzoni\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"\" >. New York: Gagosian Gallery; Milan: Skira, 2009. Exhibition catalogue\u003C\u002Fspan>","\u003Cspan style=\"\" >no. 7, p. 57 (ill.)\u003C\u002Fspan>",{"pk":688,"citation":689,"mentions":15,"year":146,"sort":147},{"pk":454,"citation":455,"mentions":1284,"year":187,"sort":188},"\u003Cspan style=\"\" >p. 48 (pl. 9) (not exhibited)\u003C\u002Fspan>",[1286,1287,1288,1290,1291,1293,1295,1297,1298,1300,1303,1305,1307,1309,1311,1314],{"citation":1193,"catalogue":15,"year":302},{"citation":1195,"catalogue":15,"year":1196},{"citation":493,"catalogue":1289,"year":79},"no. 5",{"citation":499,"catalogue":15,"year":99},{"citation":1292,"catalogue":15,"year":791},"\u003Cspan style=\"\" >Edith C. Blum Art Institute, Bard College, Annandale-on-Hudson, N.Y., \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"font-style:italic;\" >The Arts at Black Mountain College, 1933–1957\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"\" >, April 11–July 5, 1987. Traveled to North Carolina Museum of Art, Raleigh, July 25–October 4, 1987; Grey Art Gallery, New York University, October 25–December 19, 1987\u003C\u002Fspan>",{"citation":1294,"catalogue":15,"year":1246},"\u003Cspan style=\"\" >Central House of Artists, Moscow, \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"font-style:italic;\" >ROCI: Rauschenberg Overseas Culture Interchange\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"\" >, February 2–March 5, 1989\u003C\u002Fspan>",{"citation":1296,"catalogue":15,"year":105},"\u003Cspan style=\"\" >Neue Berliner Galerie im Alten Museum, Berlin, \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"font-style:italic;\" >ROCI: Rauschenberg Overseas Culture Interchange\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"\" >, March 10–April 1, 1990\u003C\u002Fspan>",{"citation":501,"catalogue":15,"year":119},{"citation":1299,"catalogue":566,"year":119},"\u003Cspan style=\"\" >45th Venice Biennale,\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"font-style:italic;\" > Punti cardinale dell’arte \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"\" >(\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"font-style:italic;\" >Cardinal Points of Art\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"\" >), June 13–October 10, 1993\u003C\u002Fspan>",{"citation":1301,"catalogue":1302,"year":639},"\u003Cspan style=\"\" >Museum of Contemporary Art, Los Angeles, \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"font-style:italic;\" >Rolywholyover: A Circus,\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"\" > September 12–November 28, 1993. Traveled to Menil Collection, Houston, January 14–April 2, 1994; Guggenheim Museum SoHo, New York, April 23–July 31, 1994; Art Tower Mito, Japan, November 3, 1994–February 26, 1995; Philadelphia Museum of Art, June 4–July 30, 1995\u003C\u002Fspan>","(not in cat.; exhibition copy fabricated and shown per Rauschenberg’s instructions)",{"citation":504,"catalogue":1304,"year":129},"no. 14",{"citation":1306,"catalogue":15,"year":415},"\u003Cspan style=\"\" >Fundação Centro Cultural de Belém, Lisbon, \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"font-style:italic;\" >Malevich e o cinema \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"\" >(\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"font-style:italic;\" >Malevich and Film\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"\" >), May 17–August 18, 2002\u003C\u002Fspan>",{"citation":1308,"catalogue":15,"year":421},"\u003Cspan style=\"\" >Baltimore Museum of Art, \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"font-style:italic;\" >Work Ethic\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"\" >, October 12, 2003–January 4, 2004. Traveled to Des Moines Art Center, Iowa, May 15–August 1, 2004; Wexner Center for the Arts, Ohio State University, Columbus, September 18, 2004–January 2, 2005\u003C\u002Fspan>",{"citation":1310,"catalogue":15,"year":431},"\u003Cspan style=\"\" >Arnolfini, Bristol, \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"font-style:italic;\" >Starting at Zero: Black Mountain College 1933–57\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"\" >, November 5, 2005–January 15, 2006. Traveled to Kettle’s Yard, Cambridge, U.K., January 28–April 2, 2006\u003C\u002Fspan>",{"citation":1312,"catalogue":1313,"year":431},"\u003Cspan style=\"\" >Asheville Art Museum, N.C., \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"font-style:italic;\" >Black Mountain College: Experiments in Material and Form\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"\" >, August 18–December 31, 2006\u003C\u002Fspan>","(not in brochure)",{"citation":1315,"catalogue":707,"year":676},"\u003Cspan style=\"\" >Gagosian Gallery, New York, \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"font-style:italic;\" >Piero Manzoni: A Retrospective\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"\" >, January 24–March 21, 2009\u003C\u002Fspan>","32 white painting 1951 house paint on canvas 48 × 48 in. (122 × 122 cm) robert rauschenberg foundation, new york 51.003 inscribed on back, upper center: rauschenberg wht paintings 1951 one 1 ; on stretcher: [red fingerprint] robert rauschenberg foundation, new york, bequest, 2008 white paintings 1951 1951 glueck, grace. “ben shahn shines on.” new york times , october 13, 1968 sec. d, p. 39 pincus-witten, robert. “new york: robert rauschenberg, castelli gallery.” artforum 7, no. 4 (december 1968) p. 55 robert rauschenberg . washington, d.c.: national collection of fine arts, smithsonian institution, 1976. exhibition catalogue no. 5, p. 66 (ill.) olson, roberta j. m. “a retrospective: castelli on rauschenberg.” soho weekly news (new york), march 24, 1977 p. 26 rauschenberg: the white and black paintings 1949–1952 . new york: larry gagosian gallery, 1986. exhibition catalogue n.p. (pl. 1) feinstein, roni. “the early work of robert rauschenberg: the white paintings, the black paintings, and the elemental sculptures.” arts magazine (new york) 61, no. 1 (september 1986) p. 28 harris, mary emma. the arts at black mountain college. cambridge, mass.: mit press, 1987 p. 230 (ill.) roci: rauschenberg overseas culture interchange [ussr]. west islip, n.y.: universal limited art editions, 1989. exhibition brochure p. 7 (ill.) roci: rauschenberg overseas culture interchange [berlin]. west islip, n.y.: universal limited art editions, 1990. exhibition brochure p. 7 (ill.) feinstein, roni. “random order: the first fifteen years of robert rauschenberg’s art, 1949–1964.” phd diss., new york university, 1990. proquest (303859753) p. 87, n.p. (fig. 17) hopps, walter. robert rauschenberg: the early 1950s . houston: menil collection; houston fine art press, 1991. exhibition catalogue pp. 80, 81 (pl. 31), 154, 184 hopps, walter, and susan davidson. robert rauschenberg: a retrospective . new york: solomon r. guggenheim foundation, 1997. exhibition catalogue no. 14, p. 56 (pl. 14) joseph, branden w. “white on white.” critical inquiry 27, no. 1 (autumn 2000) p. 93 (fig. 1) tupitsyn, margarita. malevich and film. new haven, conn.: yale university press; lisbon: fundação centro cultural de belém, 2002. exhibition catalogue pp. 100, 101 (fig. 145) joseph, branden w. random order: robert rauschenberg and the neo-avant-garde . cambridge, mass.: mit press, 2003 p. 24 (ill.) molesworth, helen, ed. work ethic . baltimore: baltimore museum of art; university park: pennsylvania state university press, 2003. exhibition catalogue p. 155 (ill.) starting at zero: black mountain college 1933–57 . bristol: arnolfini; cambridge, u.k.: kettle’s yard, 2005. exhibition catalogue pp. 101 (ill.), 115 gayford, martin. “starting at zero: black mountain college 1933–57.”  modern painters , march 2006 p. 123 celant, germano. manzoni . new york: gagosian gallery; milan: skira, 2009. exhibition catalogue no. 7, p. 57 (ill.) roberts, sarah. “white painting [three panel].” rauschenberg research project, san francisco museum of modern art, july 2013 dickerman, leah, and achim borchardt-hume. robert rauschenberg . new york: museum of modern art; london: tate publishing, 2016. exhibition catalogue p. 48 (pl. 9) (not exhibited) leo castelli gallery, new york, white paintings 1951 , october 12–26, 1968 ace gallery, venice, calif., rauschenberg white paintings (1951) , april 10–30, 1973. traveled to ace gallery, vancouver, june 1–16, 1973 national collection of fine arts, smithsonian institution, washington, d.c., robert rauschenberg , october 30, 1976–january 2, 1977. traveled to museum of modern art, new york, march 25–may 17, 1977; san francisco museum of modern art, june 24–august 21, 1977; albright-knox art gallery, buffalo, n.y., september 25–october 30, 1977; art institute of chicago, december 3, 1977–january 15, 1978 no. 5 larry gagosian gallery, new york, rauschenberg: the white and black paintings 1949–1952 , april 18–may 31, 1986 edith c. blum art institute, bard college, annandale-on-hudson, n.y., the arts at black mountain college, 1933–1957 , april 11–july 5, 1987. traveled to north carolina museum of art, raleigh, july 25–october 4, 1987; grey art gallery, new york university, october 25–december 19, 1987 central house of artists, moscow, roci: rauschenberg overseas culture interchange , february 2–march 5, 1989 neue berliner galerie im alten museum, berlin, roci: rauschenberg overseas culture interchange , march 10–april 1, 1990 corcoran gallery of art, washington, d.c., robert rauschenberg: the early 1950s , june 15–august 11, 1991. organized by menil collection, houston. traveled to menil collection, houston, september 27, 1991–january 5, 1992; museum of contemporary art chicago, february 8–april 19, 1992; san francisco museum of modern art, may 14–august 16, 1992; guggenheim museum soho, new york, october 24, 1992–january 24, 1993 45th venice biennale, punti cardinale dell’arte ( cardinal points of art ), june 13–october 10, 1993 (not in cat.) museum of contemporary art, los angeles, rolywholyover: a circus, september 12–november 28, 1993. traveled to menil collection, houston, january 14–april 2, 1994; guggenheim museum soho, new york, april 23–july 31, 1994; art tower mito, japan, november 3, 1994–february 26, 1995; philadelphia museum of art, june 4–july 30, 1995 (not in cat.; exhibition copy fabricated and shown per rauschenberg’s instructions) solomon r. guggenheim museum, new york, robert rauschenberg: a retrospective , september 19, 1997–january 7, 1998 (also guggenheim museum soho, new york, september 19, 1997–january 4, 1998, and ace gallery, new york, september 19–november 9, 1997). traveled to menil collection, contemporary arts museum houston, and museum of fine arts, houston, february 13–may 17, 1998; museum ludwig, cologne (as robert rauschenberg: retrospektive ), june 27–october 11, 1998; museo guggenheim bilbao (as robert rauschenberg: retrospectiva ), november 21, 1998–march 7, 1999 no. 14 fundação centro cultural de belém, lisbon, malevich e o cinema ( malevich and film ), may 17–august 18, 2002 baltimore museum of art, work ethic , october 12, 2003–january 4, 2004. traveled to des moines art center, iowa, may 15–august 1, 2004; wexner center for the arts, ohio state university, columbus, september 18, 2004–january 2, 2005 arnolfini, bristol, starting at zero: black mountain college 1933–57 , november 5, 2005–january 15, 2006. traveled to kettle’s yard, cambridge, u.k., january 28–april 2, 2006 asheville art museum, n.c., black mountain college: experiments in material and form , august 18–december 31, 2006 (not in brochure) gagosian gallery, new york, piero manzoni: a retrospective , january 24–march 21, 2009 no. 7",{"fieldData":1318,"portalData":1327,"recordId":1328,"modId":1329,"bibliographyItems":1330,"exhibitionItems":1402,"searchText":1430},{"pk_ArtworkID":1319,"Unique Impression ID":1320,"Artist":9,"Title":1038,"Display Date":580,"zc_YearFirst":49,"Medium":1321,"Dimensions":1322,"zf_WebPublished":22,"Series":1041,"Reg Number Text":1320,"fk_ArtworkSeriesID":1042,"zc_htmlTitle":1043,"Credit Line":923,"zc_htmlCreditLine":924,"CR_Inscriptions":1323,"zc_htmlCRInscriptions":1324,"TItle_Alternative":15,"zc_htmlTitleAlternative":15,"Studio":1046,"fk_StudioID":1047,"CR_Classification":19,"Public Notes":15,"CR_Provenance":1223,"zc_SortRegNo":972,"zc_SortRegNo2":21,"zc_htmlCRPublicNotes":15,"zc_htmlCRProvenance":1224,"zc_CR_examDate":1050,"CR_followup":15,"zf_CR":22,"modificationTimestampAPI":1325,"cr_sequence_number":788,"Search Year Start":49,"Search Year Start Circa":15,"Search Year End":49,"Search Year End Circa":15,"Year":580,"CR Number":1326,"zf_CRpublished":22,"zf_nonextant":15},121,"51.004","House paint on canvas, four panels","72 × 72 in. (182.9 × 182.9 cm)","Inscribed on back of each panel, upper center: RAUSCHENBERG WHT PAINTINGS 1951 ONE OF 4 I [or] II [or] III [or] IV; on stretcher of each panel: [one or two red fingerprints]","\u003Cspan style=\"\" >Inscribed on back of each panel, upper center: \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"font-style:italic;\" >RAUSCHENBERG WHT PAINTINGS 1951 ONE OF 4 I\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"\" > [or] \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"font-style:italic;\" >II\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"\" > [or] \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"font-style:italic;\" >III\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"\" > [or] \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"font-style:italic;\" >IV\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"\" >; on stretcher of each panel: [one or two red fingerprints]\u003C\u002Fspan>","07\u002F28\u002F2026 10:30:48",35,{},"24","1040",[1331,1336,1337,1338,1342,1343,1348,1353,1354,1355,1357,1359,1361,1363,1365,1367,1369,1371,1373,1378,1380,1382,1384,1389,1390,1392,1396,1398,1400],{"pk":1332,"citation":1333,"mentions":1334,"year":291,"sort":1335},5544,"\u003Cspan style=\"\" >Judd, Donald. “Black, White and Gray.” \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"font-style:italic;\" >Arts Magazine\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"\" > (New York) 38, no. 6 (March 1964)\u003C\u002Fspan>","\u003Cspan style=\"\" >p. 37\u003C\u002Fspan>",19640300,{"pk":1099,"citation":1100,"mentions":1101,"year":302,"sort":1102},{"pk":1104,"citation":1105,"mentions":1106,"year":302,"sort":1107},{"pk":1339,"citation":1340,"mentions":1341,"year":844,"sort":845},6141,"\u003Cspan style=\"font-style:italic;\" >Less Is More: An Exhibition of Minimal Painting\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"\" >. New York: Sidney Janis Gallery, 1977. Exhibition catalogue\u003C\u002Fspan>","\u003Cspan style=\"\" >no. 12, n.p.\u003C\u002Fspan>",{"pk":1113,"citation":1114,"mentions":134,"year":844,"sort":1115},{"pk":1344,"citation":1345,"mentions":1346,"year":844,"sort":1347},4364,"\u003Cspan style=\"\" >Roth, Moira. “The Aesthetic of Indifference.” \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"font-style:italic;\" >Artforum\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"\" > 16, no. 3 (November 1977)\u003C\u002Fspan>","\u003Cspan style=\"\" >p. 46 (ill.)\u003C\u002Fspan>",19771100,{"pk":1349,"citation":1350,"mentions":1351,"year":79,"sort":1352},6110,"\u003Cspan style=\"\" >Masheck, Joseph. “Hard-Core Painting.” \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"font-style:italic;\" >Artforum\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"\" > 16, no. 8 (April 1978)\u003C\u002Fspan>","\u003Cspan style=\"\" >pp. 46 (ill.), 47, 51\u003C\u002Fspan>",19780400,{"pk":355,"citation":356,"mentions":1124,"year":99,"sort":358},{"pk":96,"citation":97,"mentions":98,"year":99,"sort":100},{"pk":1127,"citation":1128,"mentions":1356,"year":989,"sort":990},"\u003Cspan style=\"\" >no. 24, p. 130 (ill.)\u003C\u002Fspan>",{"pk":102,"citation":103,"mentions":1358,"year":105,"sort":106},"\u003Cspan style=\"\" >pp. 87, 213, n.p. (fig. 20)\u003C\u002Fspan>",{"pk":36,"citation":37,"mentions":1360,"year":39,"sort":40},"\u003Cspan style=\"\" >pp. 80, 84 (pl. 34)\u003C\u002Fspan>",{"pk":368,"citation":369,"mentions":1362,"year":119,"sort":120},"\u003Cspan style=\"\" >no. 3, p. 52 (pl. 3)\u003C\u002Fspan>",{"pk":116,"citation":117,"mentions":1364,"year":119,"sort":120},"\u003Cspan style=\"\" >n.p. (pl. 4), p. 94\u003C\u002Fspan>",{"pk":374,"citation":375,"mentions":1366,"year":377,"sort":378},"\u003Cspan style=\"\" >no. 16, p. 58 (pl. 16)\u003C\u002Fspan>",{"pk":656,"citation":657,"mentions":1368,"year":129,"sort":130},"\u003Cspan style=\"\" >p. 192 (no. 64)\u003C\u002Fspan>",{"pk":406,"citation":407,"mentions":1370,"year":409,"sort":410},"\u003Cspan style=\"\" >p. 8 (fig. 6)\u003C\u002Fspan>",{"pk":660,"citation":661,"mentions":1372,"year":409,"sort":663},"\u003Cspan style=\"\" >p. 95 (fig. 3)\u003C\u002Fspan>",{"pk":1374,"citation":1375,"mentions":1376,"year":1205,"sort":1377},6614,"\u003Cspan style=\"\" >Meyer, James. “Introduction to the ‘Minimal’ 1: ‘Black, White, and Gray.’” In \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"font-style:italic;\" >Minimalism: Art and Polemics in the Sixties\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"\" >, by James Meyer, pp. 76–81. New Haven, Conn.: Yale University Press, 2001\u003C\u002Fspan>","\u003Cspan style=\"\" >p. 76 (ill. [install])\u003C\u002Fspan>",20010000,{"pk":132,"citation":133,"mentions":1379,"year":135,"sort":136},"\u003Cspan style=\"\" >p. 28 (ill.)\u003C\u002Fspan>",{"pk":1147,"citation":1148,"mentions":1381,"year":1150,"sort":1151},"\u003Cspan style=\"\" >no. 1, p. 105 (ill.)\u003C\u002Fspan>",{"pk":1161,"citation":1162,"mentions":1383,"year":141,"sort":142},"\u003Cspan style=\"\" >pp. 24, 87 (pl. 25)\u003C\u002Fspan>",{"pk":1385,"citation":1386,"mentions":1387,"year":1176,"sort":1388},1740,"\u003Cspan style=\"\" >Basualdo, Carlos, and Erica F. Battle, eds.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"font-style:italic;\" > Dancing Around the Bride: Cage, Cunningham, Johns, Rauschenberg, and Duchamp\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"\" >. Philadelphia: Philadelphia Museum of Art, 2012. Exhibition catalogue\u003C\u002Fspan>","\u003Cspan style=\"\" >pp. 21, 382 (ill.) \u003C\u002Fspan>",20120000,{"pk":688,"citation":689,"mentions":15,"year":146,"sort":147},{"pk":558,"citation":559,"mentions":1391,"year":561,"sort":562},"\u003Cspan style=\"\" >pp. 299, 303 (ill.), 304 (not exhibited)\u003C\u002Fspan>",{"pk":1393,"citation":1394,"mentions":1395,"year":187,"sort":188},2117,"\u003Cspan style=\"\" >Baum, Kelly, Andrea Bayer, and Sheena Wagstaff. \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"font-style:italic;\" >Unfinished: Thoughts Left Visible\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"\" >. New York: Metropolitan Museum of Art, 2016. Exhibition catalogue\u003C\u002Fspan>","\u003Cspan style=\"\" >pp. 226 (pl. 169), 312\u003C\u002Fspan>",{"pk":454,"citation":455,"mentions":1397,"year":187,"sort":188},"\u003Cspan style=\"\" >p. 50 (pl. 13) (not exhibited)\u003C\u002Fspan>",{"pk":149,"citation":150,"mentions":1399,"year":152,"sort":153},"\u003Cspan style=\"\" >pp. 75 (ill.), 76\u003C\u002Fspan>",{"pk":465,"citation":466,"mentions":1401,"year":468,"sort":469},"\u003Cspan style=\"\" >pp. 80–82, 91 (fig. 7), 118\u003C\u002Fspan>",[1403,1405,1406,1407,1410,1411,1414,1415,1417,1418,1422,1424,1426,1428],{"citation":1404,"catalogue":15,"year":291},"\u003Cspan style=\"\" >Wadsworth Atheneum, Hartford, Conn., \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"font-style:italic;\" >Black, White and Grey\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"\" >, January 9–February 9, 1964\u003C\u002Fspan>",{"citation":1193,"catalogue":15,"year":302},{"citation":1195,"catalogue":15,"year":1196},{"citation":1408,"catalogue":1409,"year":844},"\u003Cspan style=\"\" >Sidney Janis Gallery, New York, \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"font-style:italic;\" >Less Is More\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"\" >, April 7–May 7, 1977\u003C\u002Fspan>","no. 12",{"citation":499,"catalogue":15,"year":99},{"citation":1412,"catalogue":1413,"year":989},"\u003Cspan style=\"\" >Musée Saint Pierre Art Contemporain, Lyon, \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"font-style:italic;\" >La couleur seule: L’expérience du monochrome\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"\" >, October 7–December 5, 1988\u003C\u002Fspan>","no. 24",{"citation":501,"catalogue":15,"year":119},{"citation":1416,"catalogue":15,"year":119},"\u003Cspan style=\"\" >Leo Castelli Gallery, New York, \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"font-style:italic;\" >Blind Color: Sophie Calle, Alan Charlton, Yves Klein, Piero Manzoni, Robert Rauschenberg, Ad Reinhardt, Gerhard Richter\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"\" >, February 13–March 13, 1993\u003C\u002Fspan>",{"citation":1299,"catalogue":566,"year":119},{"citation":1419,"catalogue":1420,"year":1421},"\u003Cspan style=\"\" >Hiroshima City Museum of Contemporary Art, \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"font-style:italic;\" >The 2nd Hiroshima Art Prize: Robert Rauschenberg\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"\" >, November 3, 1993–January 16, 1994\u003C\u002Fspan>","no. 3",1994,{"citation":504,"catalogue":1423,"year":129},"no. 16",{"citation":1425,"catalogue":485,"year":1150},"\u003Cspan style=\"\" >Palazzo dei Diamanti, Ferrara, Italy, \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"font-style:italic;\" >Rauschenberg\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"\" >, February 29–June 6, 2004\u003C\u002Fspan>",{"citation":1427,"catalogue":15,"year":146},"\u003Cspan style=\"\" >Philadelphia Museum of Art, \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"font-style:italic;\" >Dancing Around the Bride: Cage, Cunningham, Johns, Rauschenberg, and Duchamp\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"\" >, October 30, 2012–January 21, 2013. Traveled to Barbican Art Gallery, London (as \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"font-style:italic;\" >The Bride and the Bachelors: Duchamp with Cage, Cunningham, Rauschenberg and Johns\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"\" >), February 14–June 9, 2013\u003C\u002Fspan>",{"citation":1429,"catalogue":15,"year":187},"\u003Cspan style=\"\" >Met Breuer, New York, \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"font-style:italic;\" >Unfinished: Thoughts Left Visible\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"\" >, March 18–September 4, 2016\u003C\u002Fspan>","35 white painting 1951 house paint on canvas, four panels 72 × 72 in. (182.9 × 182.9 cm) robert rauschenberg foundation, new york 51.004 inscribed on back of each panel, upper center: rauschenberg wht paintings 1951 one of 4 i [or] ii [or] iii [or] iv ; on stretcher of each panel: [one or two red fingerprints] robert rauschenberg foundation, new york, bequest, 2008 white paintings 1951 1951 judd, donald. “black, white and gray.” arts magazine (new york) 38, no. 6 (march 1964) p. 37 glueck, grace. “ben shahn shines on.” new york times , october 13, 1968 sec. d, p. 39 pincus-witten, robert. “new york: robert rauschenberg, castelli gallery.” artforum 7, no. 4 (december 1968) pp. 54 (ill. [install]), 55 less is more: an exhibition of minimal painting . new york: sidney janis gallery, 1977. exhibition catalogue no. 12, n.p. olson, roberta j. m. “a retrospective: castelli on rauschenberg.” soho weekly news (new york), march 24, 1977 p. 26 roth, moira. “the aesthetic of indifference.” artforum 16, no. 3 (november 1977) p. 46 (ill.) masheck, joseph. “hard-core painting.” artforum 16, no. 8 (april 1978) pp. 46 (ill.), 47, 51 rauschenberg: the white and black paintings 1949–1952 . new york: larry gagosian gallery, 1986. exhibition catalogue n.p. feinstein, roni. “the early work of robert rauschenberg: the white paintings, the black paintings, and the elemental sculptures.” arts magazine (new york) 61, no. 1 (september 1986) p. 28 la couleur seule: l’expérience du monochrome . lyon: octobre des arts, 1988. exhibition catalogue no. 24, p. 130 (ill.) feinstein, roni. “random order: the first fifteen years of robert rauschenberg’s art, 1949–1964.” phd diss., new york university, 1990. proquest (303859753) pp. 87, 213, n.p. (fig. 20) hopps, walter. robert rauschenberg: the early 1950s . houston: menil collection; houston fine art press, 1991. exhibition catalogue pp. 80, 84 (pl. 34) robert rauschenberg: the 2nd hiroshima art prize . hiroshima: hiroshima city museum of contemporary art, 1993. exhibition catalogue no. 3, p. 52 (pl. 3) robert rauschenberg. tokyo: kodansha, 1993 n.p. (pl. 4), p. 94 hopps, walter, and susan davidson. robert rauschenberg: a retrospective . new york: solomon r. guggenheim foundation, 1997. exhibition catalogue no. 16, p. 58 (pl. 16) jäger, joachim.  das zivilisierte bild: robert rauschenberg und seine combine-paintings der jahre 1960–1962 . klagenfurt, austria: ritter, 1999 p. 192 (no. 64) steinberg, leo.  encounters with rauschenberg (a lavishly illustrated lecture) . houston: menil collection; chicago: university of chicago press, 2000 p. 8 (fig. 6) joseph, branden w. “white on white.” critical inquiry 27, no. 1 (autumn 2000) p. 95 (fig. 3) meyer, james. “introduction to the ‘minimal’ 1: ‘black, white, and gray.’” in minimalism: art and polemics in the sixties , by james meyer, pp. 76–81. new haven, conn.: yale university press, 2001 p. 76 (ill. [install]) joseph, branden w. random order: robert rauschenberg and the neo-avant-garde . cambridge, mass.: mit press, 2003 p. 28 (ill.) davidson, susan, and david white. rauschenberg . ferrara, italy: ferrara arte, 2004. exhibition catalogue no. 1, p. 105 (ill.) davidson, susan, and david white, eds.  robert rauschenberg: photographs 1949–1962 . new york: d.a.p.\u002Fdistributed art publishers, 2011 pp. 24, 87 (pl. 25) basualdo, carlos, and erica f. battle, eds. dancing around the bride: cage, cunningham, johns, rauschenberg, and duchamp . philadelphia: philadelphia museum of art, 2012. exhibition catalogue pp. 21, 382 (ill.) roberts, sarah. “white painting [three panel].” rauschenberg research project, san francisco museum of modern art, july 2013 molesworth, helen, with ruth erickson. leap before you look: black mountain college, 1933–1957 . boston: institute of contemporary art; new haven, conn.: yale university press, 2015. exhibition catalogue pp. 299, 303 (ill.), 304 (not exhibited) baum, kelly, andrea bayer, and sheena wagstaff. unfinished: thoughts left visible . new york: metropolitan museum of art, 2016. exhibition catalogue pp. 226 (pl. 169), 312 dickerman, leah, and achim borchardt-hume. robert rauschenberg . new york: museum of modern art; london: tate publishing, 2016. exhibition catalogue p. 50 (pl. 13) (not exhibited) kotz, mary lynn. rauschenberg: art and life . 3rd ed. new york: harry n. abrams, 2018 pp. 75 (ill.), 76 stemmrich, gregor. robert rauschenberg’s “erased de kooning drawing” (1953): modernism, literalism, postmodernism . translated by steven lindberg. berlin: hatje cantz, 2023 pp. 80–82, 91 (fig. 7), 118 wadsworth atheneum, hartford, conn., black, white and grey , january 9–february 9, 1964 leo castelli gallery, new york, white paintings 1951 , october 12–26, 1968 ace gallery, venice, calif., rauschenberg white paintings (1951) , april 10–30, 1973. traveled to ace gallery, vancouver, june 1–16, 1973 sidney janis gallery, new york, less is more , april 7–may 7, 1977 no. 12 larry gagosian gallery, new york, rauschenberg: the white and black paintings 1949–1952 , april 18–may 31, 1986 musée saint pierre art contemporain, lyon, la couleur seule: l’expérience du monochrome , october 7–december 5, 1988 no. 24 corcoran gallery of art, washington, d.c., robert rauschenberg: the early 1950s , june 15–august 11, 1991. organized by menil collection, houston. traveled to menil collection, houston, september 27, 1991–january 5, 1992; museum of contemporary art chicago, february 8–april 19, 1992; san francisco museum of modern art, may 14–august 16, 1992; guggenheim museum soho, new york, october 24, 1992–january 24, 1993 leo castelli gallery, new york, blind color: sophie calle, alan charlton, yves klein, piero manzoni, robert rauschenberg, ad reinhardt, gerhard richter , february 13–march 13, 1993 45th venice biennale, punti cardinale dell’arte ( cardinal points of art ), june 13–october 10, 1993 (not in cat.) hiroshima city museum of contemporary art, the 2nd hiroshima art prize: robert rauschenberg , november 3, 1993–january 16, 1994 no. 3 solomon r. guggenheim museum, new york, robert rauschenberg: a retrospective , september 19, 1997–january 7, 1998 (also guggenheim museum soho, new york, september 19, 1997–january 4, 1998, and ace gallery, new york, september 19–november 9, 1997). traveled to menil collection, contemporary arts museum houston, and museum of fine arts, houston, february 13–may 17, 1998; museum ludwig, cologne (as robert rauschenberg: retrospektive ), june 27–october 11, 1998; museo guggenheim bilbao (as robert rauschenberg: retrospectiva ), november 21, 1998–march 7, 1999 no. 16 palazzo dei diamanti, ferrara, italy, rauschenberg , february 29–june 6, 2004 no. 1 philadelphia museum of art, dancing around the bride: cage, cunningham, johns, rauschenberg, and duchamp , october 30, 2012–january 21, 2013. traveled to barbican art gallery, london (as the bride and the bachelors: duchamp with cage, cunningham, rauschenberg and johns ), february 14–june 9, 2013 met breuer, new york, unfinished: thoughts left visible , march 18–september 4, 2016",{"fieldData":1432,"portalData":1447,"recordId":1448,"modId":1449,"bibliographyItems":1450,"exhibitionItems":1541,"searchText":1577},{"pk_ArtworkID":1433,"Unique Impression ID":1434,"Artist":9,"Title":1038,"Display Date":580,"zc_YearFirst":49,"Medium":1435,"Dimensions":1436,"zf_WebPublished":22,"Series":1041,"Reg Number Text":1434,"fk_ArtworkSeriesID":1042,"zc_htmlTitle":1043,"Credit Line":1437,"zc_htmlCreditLine":1438,"CR_Inscriptions":1439,"zc_htmlCRInscriptions":1440,"TItle_Alternative":15,"zc_htmlTitleAlternative":15,"Studio":1046,"fk_StudioID":1047,"CR_Classification":19,"Public Notes":15,"CR_Provenance":1441,"zc_SortRegNo":972,"zc_SortRegNo2":21,"zc_htmlCRPublicNotes":15,"zc_htmlCRProvenance":1442,"zc_CR_examDate":1443,"CR_followup":15,"zf_CR":22,"modificationTimestampAPI":1444,"cr_sequence_number":1445,"Search Year Start":49,"Search Year Start Circa":15,"Search Year End":49,"Search Year End Circa":15,"Year":580,"CR Number":1446,"zf_CRpublished":22,"zf_nonextant":15},122,"51.005","House paint on canvas, three panels","72 × 108 in. (182.9 × 274.3 cm)","San Francisco Museum of Modern Art, Purchase through a gift of Phyllis C. Wattis (98.308.A-C)","\u003Cspan style=\"\" >San Francisco Museum of Modern Art, Purchase through a gift of Phyllis C. Wattis (98.308.A-C)\u003C\u002Fspan>","Inscribed on back of each panel, upper center: RAUSCHENBERG WHT PAINTING 1951 ONE OF 3 I [or] II [or] III; on stretcher of each panel: [red fingerprint]","\u003Cspan style=\"\" >Inscribed on back of each panel, upper center: \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"font-style:italic;\" >RAUSCHENBERG WHT PAINTING 1951 ONE OF 3 I \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"\" >[or] \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"font-style:italic;\" >II\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"\" > [or] \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"font-style:italic;\" >III\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"\" >; on stretcher of each panel: [red fingerprint]\u003C\u002Fspan>","San Francisco Museum of Modern Art, purchase, 1998 (via PaceWildenstein, New York)","\u003Cspan style=\"\" >San Francisco Museum of Modern Art, purchase, 1998 (via PaceWildenstein, New York)\u003C\u002Fspan>","04\u002F16\u002F2024","09\u002F29\u002F2026 12:32:53",52,34,{},"25","549",[1451,1452,1453,1457,1462,1464,1469,1470,1472,1477,1479,1480,1482,1486,1488,1490,1495,1497,1499,1501,1503,1505,1509,1513,1517,1522,1526,1528,1533,1537,1539],{"pk":1099,"citation":1100,"mentions":1101,"year":302,"sort":1102},{"pk":1104,"citation":1105,"mentions":982,"year":302,"sort":1107},{"pk":1454,"citation":1455,"mentions":1124,"year":321,"sort":1456},845,"\u003Cspan style=\"font-style:italic;\" >Against Order: Chance and Art\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"\" >. Philadelphia: Institute of Contemporary Art, University of Pennsylvania, 1970. Exhibition catalogue\u003C\u002Fspan>",19700000,{"pk":1458,"citation":1459,"mentions":1124,"year":1460,"sort":1461},6212,"\u003Cspan style=\"font-style:italic;\" >White on White: The White Monochrome in the 20th Century\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"\" >. Chicago: Museum of Contemporary Art Chicago, 1971. Exhibition catalogue\u003C\u002Fspan>",1971,19710000,{"pk":70,"citation":71,"mentions":1463,"year":73,"sort":74},"\u003Cspan style=\"\" >no. 6, pp. 2 (ill.), 66 (ill.)\u003C\u002Fspan>",{"pk":1465,"citation":1466,"mentions":1467,"year":844,"sort":1468},4756,"\u003Cspan style=\"\" >Stuckey, Charles F. “Reading Rauschenberg.” \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"font-style:italic;\" >Art in America\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"\" > 65, no. 2 (March–April 1977)\u003C\u002Fspan>","\u003Cspan style=\"\" >p. 79\u003C\u002Fspan>",19770300,{"pk":1113,"citation":1114,"mentions":134,"year":844,"sort":1115},{"pk":20,"citation":82,"mentions":1471,"year":33,"sort":34},"\u003Cspan style=\"\" >no. 1, p. 259 (ill.)\u003C\u002Fspan>",{"pk":1473,"citation":1474,"mentions":1475,"year":33,"sort":1476},564,"\u003Cspan style=\"\" >“Robert Rauschenberg.” Special issue, \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"font-style:italic;\" >Louisiana Revy \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"\" >(Humlebæk, Denmark)\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"font-style:italic;\" > \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"\" >21, no. 1 (September 1980)\u003C\u002Fspan>","\u003Cspan style=\"\" >no. 1, p. 43\u003C\u002Fspan>",19800900,{"pk":341,"citation":342,"mentions":1478,"year":344,"sort":345},"\u003Cspan style=\"\" >no. 4, n.p.\u003C\u002Fspan>",{"pk":355,"citation":356,"mentions":1111,"year":99,"sort":358},{"pk":96,"citation":97,"mentions":1481,"year":99,"sort":100},"\u003Cspan style=\"\" >pp. 28, 34 (ill.)\u003C\u002Fspan>",{"pk":1483,"citation":1484,"mentions":1485,"year":1246,"sort":1247},1536,"\u003Cspan style=\"\" >McKenna, George L. \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"font-style:italic;\" >Art by Chance: Fortuitous Impressions\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"\" >. Kansas City, Mo.: Nelson-Atkins Museum of Art, 1989. Exhibition catalogue\u003C\u002Fspan>","\u003Cspan style=\"\" >no. 279, pp. 51–52\u003C\u002Fspan>",{"pk":102,"citation":103,"mentions":1487,"year":105,"sort":106},"\u003Cspan style=\"\" >p. 87, n.p. (fig. 19)\u003C\u002Fspan>",{"pk":36,"citation":37,"mentions":1489,"year":39,"sort":40},"\u003Cspan style=\"\" >pp. 80, 83 (pl. 33), 87\u003C\u002Fspan>",{"pk":1491,"citation":1492,"mentions":1493,"year":113,"sort":1494},5092,"\u003Cspan style=\"\" >Tallmer, Jerry. “Getting Started in Black and White.” \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"font-style:italic;\" >New York Post\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"\" >, November 6, 1992\u003C\u002Fspan>","\u003Cspan style=\"\" >p. 42\u003C\u002Fspan>",19921106,{"pk":368,"citation":369,"mentions":1496,"year":119,"sort":120},"\u003Cspan style=\"\" >no. 4, p. 53 (pl. 4)\u003C\u002Fspan>",{"pk":122,"citation":123,"mentions":1498,"year":119,"sort":120},"\u003Cspan style=\"\" >pp. ix, 66–67\u003C\u002Fspan>",{"pk":374,"citation":375,"mentions":1500,"year":377,"sort":378},"\u003Cspan style=\"\" >no. 15, p. 57 (pl. 15)\u003C\u002Fspan>",{"pk":660,"citation":661,"mentions":1502,"year":409,"sort":663},"\u003Cspan style=\"\" >p. 120 (fig. 15)\u003C\u002Fspan>",{"pk":132,"citation":133,"mentions":1504,"year":135,"sort":136},"\u003Cspan style=\"\" >p. 70 (ill.)\u003C\u002Fspan>",{"pk":1506,"citation":1507,"mentions":1508,"year":441,"sort":442},6148,"\u003Cspan style=\"\" >Frieling, Rudolph, Boris Groys, Robert Atkins, and Lev Manovich. \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"font-style:italic;\" >The Art of Participation: 1950 to Now\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"\" >. San Francisco: San Francisco Museum of Modern Art, 2008. Exhibition catalogue\u003C\u002Fspan>","\u003Cspan style=\"\" >pp. 84, 84 (pl. 4), 206\u003C\u002Fspan>",{"pk":1510,"citation":1511,"mentions":1512,"year":676,"sort":677},469,"\u003Cspan style=\"\" >Robinson, Julia. \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"font-style:italic;\" >The Anarchy of Silence: John Cage and Experimental Art\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"\" >. Barcelona: Museu d’Art Contemporani de Barcelona, 2009. Exhibition catalogue\u003C\u002Fspan>","\u003Cspan style=\"\" >pp. 179 (ill.), 293\u003C\u002Fspan>",{"pk":1514,"citation":1515,"mentions":1516,"year":676,"sort":677},554,"\u003Cspan style=\"\" >Lanchner, Carolyn.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"font-style:italic;\" > Robert Rauschenberg\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"\" >. New York: Museum of Modern Art, 2009\u003C\u002Fspan>","\u003Cspan style=\"\" >p. 8 (fig. 2)\u003C\u002Fspan>",{"pk":1518,"citation":1519,"mentions":1520,"year":942,"sort":1521},790,"\u003Cspan style=\"\" >Folland, Tom. “Robert Rauschenberg’s Queer Modernism: The Early Combines and Decoration.” \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"font-style:italic;\" >Art Bulletin\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"\" > 92, no. 4 (December 2010)\u003C\u002Fspan>","\u003Cspan style=\"\" >p. 353, 353 (fig. 6)\u003C\u002Fspan>",20101200,{"pk":1523,"citation":1524,"mentions":1525,"year":1176,"sort":1388},6146,"\u003Cspan style=\"\" >Beil, Ralf, and Peter Kraut, eds. \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"font-style:italic;\" >A House Full of Music: Strategies in Music and Art\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"\" >. Darmstadt, Germany: Institut Mathildenhöhe; Ostfildern, Germany: Hatje Cantz, 2012. Exhibition catalogue\u003C\u002Fspan>","\u003Cspan style=\"\" >pp. 121 (ill.), 400\u003C\u002Fspan>",{"pk":688,"citation":689,"mentions":1527,"year":146,"sort":147},"\u003Cspan style=\"\" >(fig. 1)\u003C\u002Fspan>",{"pk":1529,"citation":1530,"mentions":1531,"year":1022,"sort":1532},4141,"\u003Cspan style=\"\" >Hellstein, Valerie. “The Cage-iness of Abstract Expressionism.” \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"font-style:italic;\" >American Art\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"\" > 28, no. 1 (Spring 2014)\u003C\u002Fspan>","\u003Cspan style=\"\" >p. 58 (ill.)\u003C\u002Fspan>",20140300,{"pk":1534,"citation":1535,"mentions":1536,"year":561,"sort":562},2058,"\u003Cspan style=\"\" >Malz, Isabelle.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"font-style:italic;\" > The Problem of God\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"\" >. Bielefeld, Germany: Kerber, 2015. Exhibition catalogue\u003C\u002Fspan>","\u003Cspan style=\"\" >no. 11, pp. 68–69 (ill.), 71\u003C\u002Fspan>",{"pk":454,"citation":455,"mentions":1538,"year":187,"sort":188},"\u003Cspan style=\"\" >p. 49 (pl. 11)\u003C\u002Fspan>",{"pk":149,"citation":150,"mentions":1540,"year":152,"sort":153},"\u003Cspan style=\"\" >pp. 288–99\u003C\u002Fspan>",[1542,1543,1545,1547,1548,1549,1550,1551,1553,1556,1557,1558,1559,1561,1563,1564,1566,1568,1570,1572,1575],{"citation":1193,"catalogue":15,"year":302},{"citation":1544,"catalogue":15,"year":321},"\u003Cspan style=\"\" >Institute of Contemporary Art, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"font-style:italic;\" >Against Order: Chance and Art\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"\" >, November 14–December 22, 1970\u003C\u002Fspan>",{"citation":1546,"catalogue":15,"year":327},"\u003Cspan style=\"\" >Museum of Contemporary Art Chicago, \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"font-style:italic;\" >White on White: The White Monochrome in the 20th Century\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"\" >, December 18, 1971–January 30, 1972\u003C\u002Fspan>",{"citation":1195,"catalogue":15,"year":1196},{"citation":493,"catalogue":907,"year":79},{"citation":496,"catalogue":485,"year":344},{"citation":499,"catalogue":15,"year":99},{"citation":1552,"catalogue":15,"year":791},"\u003Cspan style=\"\" >BlumHelman, New York, \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"font-style:italic;\" >White\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"\" >, January 7–31, 1987\u003C\u002Fspan>",{"citation":1554,"catalogue":1555,"year":1246},"\u003Cspan style=\"\" >Nelson-Atkins Museum of Art, Kansas City, Mo., \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"font-style:italic;\" >Art by Chance: Fortuitous Impressions\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"\" >, July 22–September 3, 1989\u003C\u002Fspan>","no. 279",{"citation":501,"catalogue":15,"year":119},{"citation":1299,"catalogue":566,"year":119},{"citation":1419,"catalogue":956,"year":1421},{"citation":504,"catalogue":1560,"year":129},"no. 15 (shown in Cologne and Bilbao only)",{"citation":1562,"catalogue":15,"year":415},"\u003Cspan style=\"\" >San Francisco Museum of Modern Art, \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"font-style:italic;\" >Points of Departure II: Connecting with Contemporary Art\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"\" >, November 17, 2001–June 9, 2002\u003C\u002Fspan>",{"citation":709,"catalogue":15,"year":135},{"citation":1565,"catalogue":15,"year":676},"\u003Cspan style=\"\" >San Francisco Museum of Modern Art, \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"font-style:italic;\" >The Art of Participation: 1950 to Now\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"\" >, November 8, 2008–February 8, 2009\u003C\u002Fspan>",{"citation":1567,"catalogue":15,"year":942},"\u003Cspan style=\"\" >Museu d’Art Contemporani de Barcelona, \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"font-style:italic;\" >L’anarquia del silenci: John Cage i l’art experimental \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"\" >(\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"font-style:italic;\" >La anarquía del silencio: John Cage y el arte experimental\u002FThe Anarchy of Silence: John Cage and Experimental Art\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"\" >), October 23, 2009–January 10, 2010\u003C\u002Fspan>",{"citation":711,"catalogue":1569,"year":141},"(not in cat.; installed late)",{"citation":1571,"catalogue":15,"year":1176},"\u003Cspan style=\"\" >Mathildenhöhe Darmstadt, Germany, \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"font-style:italic;\" >A House Full of Music: Strategien in Musik und Kunst \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"\" >(\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"font-style:italic;\" >A House Full of Music: Strategies in Music and Art\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"\" >), May 13–September 9, 2012\u003C\u002Fspan>",{"citation":1573,"catalogue":1574,"year":187},"\u003Cspan style=\"\" >K21, Kunstsammlung Nordrhein-Westfalen, Düsseldorf, \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"font-style:italic;\" >The Problem of God\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"\" >, September 26, 2015–January 24, 2016\u003C\u002Fspan>","no. 11",{"citation":507,"catalogue":1576,"year":152},"(shown in San Francisco only)","34 white painting 1951 house paint on canvas, three panels 72 × 108 in. (182.9 × 274.3 cm) san francisco museum of modern art, purchase through a gift of phyllis c. wattis (98.308.a-c) 51.005 inscribed on back of each panel, upper center: rauschenberg wht painting 1951 one of 3 i [or] ii [or] iii ; on stretcher of each panel: [red fingerprint] san francisco museum of modern art, purchase, 1998 (via pacewildenstein, new york) white paintings 1951 1951 glueck, grace. “ben shahn shines on.” new york times , october 13, 1968 sec. d, p. 39 pincus-witten, robert. “new york: robert rauschenberg, castelli gallery.” artforum 7, no. 4 (december 1968) p. 55 against order: chance and art . philadelphia: institute of contemporary art, university of pennsylvania, 1970. exhibition catalogue n.p. white on white: the white monochrome in the 20th century . chicago: museum of contemporary art chicago, 1971. exhibition catalogue n.p. robert rauschenberg . washington, d.c.: national collection of fine arts, smithsonian institution, 1976. exhibition catalogue no. 6, pp. 2 (ill.), 66 (ill.) stuckey, charles f. “reading rauschenberg.” art in america 65, no. 2 (march–april 1977) p. 79 olson, roberta j. m. “a retrospective: castelli on rauschenberg.” soho weekly news (new york), march 24, 1977 p. 26 robert rauschenberg: werke 1950–1980 . berlin: staatliche kunsthalle berlin, 1980. exhibition catalogue no. 1, p. 259 (ill.) “robert rauschenberg.” special issue, louisiana revy (humlebæk, denmark) 21, no. 1 (september 1980) no. 1, p. 43 robert rauschenberg . london: tate gallery, 1981. exhibition brochure no. 4, n.p. rauschenberg: the white and black paintings 1949–1952 . new york: larry gagosian gallery, 1986. exhibition catalogue n.p. (pl. 2) feinstein, roni. “the early work of robert rauschenberg: the white paintings, the black paintings, and the elemental sculptures.” arts magazine (new york) 61, no. 1 (september 1986) pp. 28, 34 (ill.) mckenna, george l. art by chance: fortuitous impressions . kansas city, mo.: nelson-atkins museum of art, 1989. exhibition catalogue no. 279, pp. 51–52 feinstein, roni. “random order: the first fifteen years of robert rauschenberg’s art, 1949–1964.” phd diss., new york university, 1990. proquest (303859753) p. 87, n.p. (fig. 19) hopps, walter. robert rauschenberg: the early 1950s . houston: menil collection; houston fine art press, 1991. exhibition catalogue pp. 80, 83 (pl. 33), 87 tallmer, jerry. “getting started in black and white.” new york post , november 6, 1992 p. 42 robert rauschenberg: the 2nd hiroshima art prize . hiroshima: hiroshima city museum of contemporary art, 1993. exhibition catalogue no. 4, p. 53 (pl. 4) wainwright, lisa. “reading junk: thematic imagery in the art of robert rauschenberg from 1952 to 1964.” phd diss., university of illinois, urbana-champaign, 1993. proquest (304050074) pp. ix, 66–67 hopps, walter, and susan davidson. robert rauschenberg: a retrospective . new york: solomon r. guggenheim foundation, 1997. exhibition catalogue no. 15, p. 57 (pl. 15) joseph, branden w. “white on white.” critical inquiry 27, no. 1 (autumn 2000) p. 120 (fig. 15) joseph, branden w. random order: robert rauschenberg and the neo-avant-garde . cambridge, mass.: mit press, 2003 p. 70 (ill.) frieling, rudolph, boris groys, robert atkins, and lev manovich. the art of participation: 1950 to now . san francisco: san francisco museum of modern art, 2008. exhibition catalogue pp. 84, 84 (pl. 4), 206 robinson, julia. the anarchy of silence: john cage and experimental art . barcelona: museu d’art contemporani de barcelona, 2009. exhibition catalogue pp. 179 (ill.), 293 lanchner, carolyn. robert rauschenberg . new york: museum of modern art, 2009 p. 8 (fig. 2) folland, tom. “robert rauschenberg’s queer modernism: the early combines and decoration.” art bulletin 92, no. 4 (december 2010) p. 353, 353 (fig. 6) beil, ralf, and peter kraut, eds. a house full of music: strategies in music and art . darmstadt, germany: institut mathildenhöhe; ostfildern, germany: hatje cantz, 2012. exhibition catalogue pp. 121 (ill.), 400 roberts, sarah. “white painting [three panel].” rauschenberg research project, san francisco museum of modern art, july 2013 (fig. 1) hellstein, valerie. “the cage-iness of abstract expressionism.” american art 28, no. 1 (spring 2014) p. 58 (ill.) malz, isabelle. the problem of god . bielefeld, germany: kerber, 2015. exhibition catalogue no. 11, pp. 68–69 (ill.), 71 dickerman, leah, and achim borchardt-hume. robert rauschenberg . new york: museum of modern art; london: tate publishing, 2016. exhibition catalogue p. 49 (pl. 11) kotz, mary lynn. rauschenberg: art and life . 3rd ed. new york: harry n. abrams, 2018 pp. 288–99 leo castelli gallery, new york, white paintings 1951 , october 12–26, 1968 institute of contemporary art, university of pennsylvania, philadelphia, against order: chance and art , november 14–december 22, 1970 museum of contemporary art chicago, white on white: the white monochrome in the 20th century , december 18, 1971–january 30, 1972 ace gallery, venice, calif., rauschenberg white paintings (1951) , april 10–30, 1973. traveled to ace gallery, vancouver, june 1–16, 1973 national collection of fine arts, smithsonian institution, washington, d.c., robert rauschenberg , october 30, 1976–january 2, 1977. traveled to museum of modern art, new york, march 25–may 17, 1977; san francisco museum of modern art, june 24–august 21, 1977; albright-knox art gallery, buffalo, n.y., september 25–october 30, 1977; art institute of chicago, december 3, 1977–january 15, 1978 no. 6 staatliche kunsthalle berlin, robert rauschenberg: werke 1950–1980 , march 25–may 4, 1980. traveled to städtische kunsthalle düsseldorf and kunstverein für die rheinlande und westfalen, düsseldorf (as robert rauschenberg ), june 7–july 13, 1980; louisiana museum of modern art, humlebæk, denmark (as robert rauschenberg ), september 20–november 23, 1980; städelsches kunstinstitut und städtische galerie, frankfurt, december 4, 1980–january 18, 1981; städtische galerie im lenbachhaus, munich, february 4–april 5, 1981; tate gallery, london (as robert rauschenberg ), april 29–june 14, 1981 no. 1 larry gagosian gallery, new york, rauschenberg: the white and black paintings 1949–1952 , april 18–may 31, 1986 blumhelman, new york, white , january 7–31, 1987 nelson-atkins museum of art, kansas city, mo., art by chance: fortuitous impressions , july 22–september 3, 1989 no. 279 corcoran gallery of art, washington, d.c., robert rauschenberg: the early 1950s , june 15–august 11, 1991. organized by menil collection, houston. traveled to menil collection, houston, september 27, 1991–january 5, 1992; museum of contemporary art chicago, february 8–april 19, 1992; san francisco museum of modern art, may 14–august 16, 1992; guggenheim museum soho, new york, october 24, 1992–january 24, 1993 45th venice biennale, punti cardinale dell’arte ( cardinal points of art ), june 13–october 10, 1993 (not in cat.) hiroshima city museum of contemporary art, the 2nd hiroshima art prize: robert rauschenberg , november 3, 1993–january 16, 1994 no. 4 solomon r. guggenheim museum, new york, robert rauschenberg: a retrospective , september 19, 1997–january 7, 1998 (also guggenheim museum soho, new york, september 19, 1997–january 4, 1998, and ace gallery, new york, september 19–november 9, 1997). traveled to menil collection, contemporary arts museum houston, and museum of fine arts, houston, february 13–may 17, 1998; museum ludwig, cologne (as robert rauschenberg: retrospektive ), june 27–october 11, 1998; museo guggenheim bilbao (as robert rauschenberg: retrospectiva ), november 21, 1998–march 7, 1999 no. 15 (shown in cologne and bilbao only) san francisco museum of modern art, points of departure ii: connecting with contemporary art , november 17, 2001–june 9, 2002 san francisco museum of modern art, treasures of modern art: the legacy of phyllis wattis at sfmoma , january 30–june 24, 2003 san francisco museum of modern art, the art of participation: 1950 to now , november 8, 2008–february 8, 2009 museu d’art contemporani de barcelona, l’anarquia del silenci: john cage i l’art experimental ( la anarquía del silencio: john cage y el arte experimental\u002Fthe anarchy of silence: john cage and experimental art ), october 23, 2009–january 10, 2010 san francisco museum of modern art, 75 years of looking forward: the anniversary show , december 19, 2009–january 16, 2011 (not in cat.; installed late) mathildenhöhe darmstadt, germany, a house full of music: strategien in musik und kunst ( a house full of music: strategies in music and art ), may 13–september 9, 2012 k21, kunstsammlung nordrhein-westfalen, düsseldorf, the problem of god , september 26, 2015–january 24, 2016 no. 11 tate modern, london, robert rauschenberg , december 1, 2016–april 2, 2017. organized with museum of modern art, new york. traveled to museum of modern art, new york (as robert rauschenberg: among friends ), may 21–september 17, 2017; san francisco museum of modern art (as robert rauschenberg: erasing the rules ), november 18, 2017–march 25, 2018 (shown in san francisco only)",{"fieldData":1579,"portalData":1587,"recordId":1588,"modId":1589,"bibliographyItems":1590,"exhibitionItems":1645,"searchText":1681},{"pk_ArtworkID":1580,"Unique Impression ID":1581,"Artist":9,"Title":1038,"Display Date":580,"zc_YearFirst":49,"Medium":1582,"Dimensions":1583,"zf_WebPublished":22,"Series":1041,"Reg Number Text":1581,"fk_ArtworkSeriesID":1042,"zc_htmlTitle":1043,"Credit Line":923,"zc_htmlCreditLine":924,"CR_Inscriptions":1584,"zc_htmlCRInscriptions":1585,"TItle_Alternative":15,"zc_htmlTitleAlternative":15,"Studio":1046,"fk_StudioID":1047,"CR_Classification":19,"Public Notes":15,"CR_Provenance":1223,"zc_SortRegNo":972,"zc_SortRegNo2":21,"zc_htmlCRPublicNotes":15,"zc_htmlCRProvenance":1224,"zc_CR_examDate":1050,"CR_followup":15,"zf_CR":22,"modificationTimestampAPI":1586,"cr_sequence_number":972,"Search Year Start":49,"Search Year Start Circa":15,"Search Year End":49,"Search Year End Circa":15,"Year":580,"CR Number":324,"zf_CRpublished":22,"zf_nonextant":15},123,"51.006","House paint on canvas, two panels","72 × 96 in. (182.9 × 243.9 cm)","Inscribed on back of each panel, upper center: RAUSCHENBERG WHT PAINTING 1951 ONE OF 2 I [or] II; on stretcher of each panel: [red fingerprint]","\u003Cspan style=\"\" >Inscribed on back of each panel, upper center: \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"font-style:italic;\" >RAUSCHENBERG WHT PAINTING 1951 ONE OF 2 I \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"\" >[or]\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"font-style:italic;\" > II\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"\" >; on stretcher of each panel: [red fingerprint]\u003C\u002Fspan>","07\u002F28\u002F2026 10:30:56",{},"26","1066",[1591,1592,1598,1599,1600,1601,1603,1604,1606,1608,1610,1612,1617,1621,1625,1627,1630,1634,1636,1637,1641,1643],{"pk":1059,"citation":1060,"mentions":1061,"year":1062,"sort":1063},{"pk":1593,"citation":1594,"mentions":1595,"year":1596,"sort":1597},2436,"\u003Cspan style=\"font-style:italic;\" >Den inre och den yttre rymden: En utställning rörande en universell konst.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"\" > Stockholm: Moderna Museet, 1965. Exhibition catalogue\u003C\u002Fspan>","\u003Cspan style=\"\" >no. 268, n.p.\u003C\u002Fspan>",1965,19650000,{"pk":1099,"citation":1100,"mentions":1101,"year":302,"sort":1102},{"pk":1104,"citation":1105,"mentions":982,"year":302,"sort":1107},{"pk":1113,"citation":1114,"mentions":134,"year":844,"sort":1115},{"pk":85,"citation":86,"mentions":1602,"year":88,"sort":89},"\u003Cspan style=\"\" >no. 1, n.p. (ill.)\u003C\u002Fspan>",{"pk":355,"citation":356,"mentions":1124,"year":99,"sort":358},{"pk":96,"citation":97,"mentions":1605,"year":99,"sort":100},"\u003Cspan style=\"\" >pp. 28, 29 (ill. [install])\u003C\u002Fspan>",{"pk":102,"citation":103,"mentions":1607,"year":105,"sort":106},"\u003Cspan style=\"\" >p. 87, n.p. (fig. 18)\u003C\u002Fspan>",{"pk":36,"citation":37,"mentions":1609,"year":39,"sort":40},"\u003Cspan style=\"\" >pp. 80, 82 (pl. 32), 158, 165, 189 (ill. [install])\u003C\u002Fspan>",{"pk":368,"citation":369,"mentions":1611,"year":119,"sort":120},"\u003Cspan style=\"\" >no. 5, p. 54 (pl. 5)\u003C\u002Fspan>",{"pk":1613,"citation":1614,"mentions":1615,"year":644,"sort":1616},2828,"\u003Cspan style=\"\" >Rosenthal, Mark. \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"font-style:italic;\" >Abstraction in the Twentieth Century: Total Risk, Freedom, Discipline\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"\" >. New York: Solomon R. Guggenheim Foundation, 1996. Exhibition catalogue\u003C\u002Fspan>","\u003Cspan style=\"\" >pp. 150, 151 (fig. 153), 282 (ill.)\u003C\u002Fspan>",19960000,{"pk":1618,"citation":1619,"mentions":1620,"year":409,"sort":410},1578,"\u003Cspan style=\"\" >Nacking, Åsa, and Bo Nilsson, eds. \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"font-style:italic;\" >Oskuldens århundrade: Den vita monokromens historia\u002FCentury of Innocence: The History of the White Monochrome\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"\" >. Malmö, Sweden: Rooseum Center for Contemporary Art; Stockholm: Liljevalchs Konsthall, 2000. Exhibition catalogue\u003C\u002Fspan>","\u003Cspan style=\"\" >p. 145 (ill.)\u003C\u002Fspan>",{"pk":1622,"citation":1623,"mentions":1624,"year":1150,"sort":1151},158,"\u003Cspan style=\"font-style:italic;\" >Sons et lumières: Une histoire du son dans l’art du XX\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 6px;font-style:italic;vertical-align: text-top;\" >e \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"font-style:italic;\" >siècle\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"\" >. Paris: Centre Pompidou, 2004. Exhibition catalogue\u003C\u002Fspan>","\u003Cspan style=\"\" >pp. 267 (ill.), 370\u003C\u002Fspan>",{"pk":939,"citation":940,"mentions":1626,"year":942,"sort":943},"\u003Cspan style=\"\" >pp. 51–52 (ill.)\u003C\u002Fspan>",{"pk":1628,"citation":1629,"mentions":1346,"year":1176,"sort":1388},1718,"\u003Cspan style=\"\" >Kamps, Toby, and Steve Seid. \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"font-style:italic;\" >Silence\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"\" >. Houston: Menil Collection; Berkeley: University of California, Berkeley Art Museum and Pacific Film Archive, 2012. Exhibition catalogue\u003C\u002Fspan>",{"pk":1631,"citation":1632,"mentions":1633,"year":146,"sort":447},1828,"\u003Cspan style=\"font-style:italic;\" >The Show Is Over\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"\" >. London: Gagosian Gallery, 2013. Exhibition catalogue\u003C\u002Fspan>","\u003Cspan style=\"\" >pp. 104 (ill.), 105 (ill. [install])\u003C\u002Fspan>",{"pk":444,"citation":445,"mentions":1635,"year":146,"sort":447},"\u003Cspan style=\"\" >p. 22 (ill. [install])\u003C\u002Fspan>",{"pk":688,"citation":689,"mentions":15,"year":146,"sort":147},{"pk":1638,"citation":1639,"mentions":1640,"year":187,"sort":188},2218,"\u003Cspan style=\"\" >Enwezor, Okwui, Katy Siegel, and Ulrich Wilmes, eds. \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"font-style:italic;\" >Postwar: Art Between the Pacific and the Atlantic, 1945–1965\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"\" >. Munich: Haus der Kunst; Prestel, 2016. Exhibition catalogue\u003C\u002Fspan>","\u003Cspan style=\"\" >pp. 196–97 (pl. 35), 822\u003C\u002Fspan>",{"pk":454,"citation":455,"mentions":1642,"year":187,"sort":188},"\u003Cspan style=\"\" >p. 48 (pl. 10)\u003C\u002Fspan>",{"pk":471,"citation":472,"mentions":1644,"year":474,"sort":475},"\u003Cspan style=\"\" >pp. 19 (ill.), 39, 321\u003C\u002Fspan>",[1646,1647,1650,1651,1652,1653,1656,1658,1659,1660,1661,1662,1663,1664,1666,1668,1670,1672,1673,1675,1677,1679,1680],{"citation":1187,"catalogue":15,"year":1062},{"citation":1648,"catalogue":1649,"year":1088},"\u003Cspan style=\"\" >Moderna Museet, Stockholm, \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"font-style:italic;\" >Den inre och den yttre rymden: En utställning rörande en universell konst \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"\" >(\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"font-style:italic;\" >The Inner and Outer Space: An Exhibition Devoted to Universal Art\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"\" >), December 26, 1965–February 13, 1966\u003C\u002Fspan>","no. 268",{"citation":1193,"catalogue":15,"year":302},{"citation":491,"catalogue":566,"year":315},{"citation":1195,"catalogue":15,"year":1196},{"citation":1654,"catalogue":15,"year":1655},"\u003Cspan style=\"\" >Leo Castelli Gallery, New York, \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"font-style:italic;\" >Black and White: Ellsworth Kelly, Robert Rauschenberg, Ad Reinhardt, Richard Serra, Frank Stella\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"\" >, June 7–September 20, 1975\u003C\u002Fspan>",1975,{"citation":1657,"catalogue":485,"year":88},"\u003Cspan style=\"\" >Fundación Juan March, Madrid, \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"font-style:italic;\" >Rauschenberg\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"\" >, February 8–March 24, 1985. Traveled to Fundació Joan Miró, Barcelona, March 28–May 19, 1985\u003C\u002Fspan>",{"citation":499,"catalogue":15,"year":99},{"citation":1294,"catalogue":1313,"year":1246},{"citation":1296,"catalogue":1313,"year":105},{"citation":501,"catalogue":15,"year":119},{"citation":1299,"catalogue":566,"year":119},{"citation":1419,"catalogue":1289,"year":1421},{"citation":1665,"catalogue":15,"year":644},"\u003Cspan style=\"\" >Solomon R. Guggenheim Museum, New York, \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"font-style:italic;\" >Abstraction in the Twentieth Century: Total Risk, Freedom, Discipline\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"\" >, February 9–May 12, 1996\u003C\u002Fspan>",{"citation":1667,"catalogue":566,"year":401},"\u003Cspan style=\"\" >24th Bienal de São Paulo, October 3–December 13, 1998\u003C\u002Fspan>",{"citation":1669,"catalogue":15,"year":1205},"\u003Cspan style=\"\" >Rooseum Center for Contemporary Art, Malmö, Sweden, \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"font-style:italic;\" >Oskuldens århundrade: Den vita monokromens historia \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"\" >(\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"font-style:italic;\" >Century of Innocence: The History of the White Monochrome\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"\" >), September 16–December 17, 2000. Traveled to Liljevalchs Konsthall, Stockholm, January 27–March 25, 2001\u003C\u002Fspan>",{"citation":1671,"catalogue":15,"year":421},"\u003Cspan style=\"\" >Centre National d’Art et de Culture Georges Pompidou, Paris, \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"font-style:italic;\" >Sons et lumières: Une histoire du son dans l’art du XX\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 6px;font-style:italic;vertical-align: text-top;\" >e\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"font-style:italic;\" > siècle\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"\" >, September 22, 2004–January 3, 2005\u003C\u002Fspan>",{"citation":958,"catalogue":15,"year":141},{"citation":1674,"catalogue":15,"year":146},"\u003Cspan style=\"\" >Menil Collection, Houston, \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"font-style:italic;\" >Silence\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"\" >, July 27–October 21, 2012. Traveled to University of California, Berkeley Art Museum and Pacific Film Archive, January 30–April 28, 2013\u003C\u002Fspan>",{"citation":1676,"catalogue":15,"year":146},"\u003Cspan style=\"\" >Gagosian Gallery, London, \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"font-style:italic;\" >The Show Is Over\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"\" >, October 15–November 30, 2013\u003C\u002Fspan>",{"citation":1678,"catalogue":15,"year":573},"\u003Cspan style=\"\" >Haus der Kunst, Munich, \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"font-style:italic;\" >Postwar: Kunst zwischen Pazifik und Atlantik, 1945–1965 \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"\" >(\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"font-style:italic;\" >Postwar: Art Between the Pacific and the Atlantic, 1945–1965\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"\" >), October 14, 2016–March 26, 2017\u003C\u002Fspan>",{"citation":507,"catalogue":502,"year":152},{"citation":759,"catalogue":15,"year":760},"33 white painting 1951 house paint on canvas, two panels 72 × 96 in. (182.9 × 243.9 cm) robert rauschenberg foundation, new york 51.006 inscribed on back of each panel, upper center: rauschenberg wht painting 1951 one of 2 i [or] ii ; on stretcher of each panel: [red fingerprint] robert rauschenberg foundation, new york, bequest, 2008 white paintings 1951 1951 crehan, hubert. “the see change: raw duck.” art digest 27, no. 20 (september 15, 1953) p. 25 den inre och den yttre rymden: en utställning rörande en universell konst. stockholm: moderna museet, 1965. exhibition catalogue no. 268, n.p. glueck, grace. “ben shahn shines on.” new york times , october 13, 1968 sec. d, p. 39 pincus-witten, robert. “new york: robert rauschenberg, castelli gallery.” artforum 7, no. 4 (december 1968) p. 55 olson, roberta j. m. “a retrospective: castelli on rauschenberg.” soho weekly news (new york), march 24, 1977 p. 26 rauschenberg . madrid: fundación juan march, 1985. exhibition catalogue no. 1, n.p. (ill.) rauschenberg: the white and black paintings 1949–1952 . new york: larry gagosian gallery, 1986. exhibition catalogue n.p. feinstein, roni. “the early work of robert rauschenberg: the white paintings, the black paintings, and the elemental sculptures.” arts magazine (new york) 61, no. 1 (september 1986) pp. 28, 29 (ill. [install]) feinstein, roni. “random order: the first fifteen years of robert rauschenberg’s art, 1949–1964.” phd diss., new york university, 1990. proquest (303859753) p. 87, n.p. (fig. 18) hopps, walter. robert rauschenberg: the early 1950s . houston: menil collection; houston fine art press, 1991. exhibition catalogue pp. 80, 82 (pl. 32), 158, 165, 189 (ill. [install]) robert rauschenberg: the 2nd hiroshima art prize . hiroshima: hiroshima city museum of contemporary art, 1993. exhibition catalogue no. 5, p. 54 (pl. 5) rosenthal, mark. abstraction in the twentieth century: total risk, freedom, discipline . new york: solomon r. guggenheim foundation, 1996. exhibition catalogue pp. 150, 151 (fig. 153), 282 (ill.) nacking, åsa, and bo nilsson, eds. oskuldens århundrade: den vita monokromens historia\u002Fcentury of innocence: the history of the white monochrome . malmö, sweden: rooseum center for contemporary art; stockholm: liljevalchs konsthall, 2000. exhibition catalogue p. 145 (ill.) sons et lumières: une histoire du son dans l’art du xx e siècle . paris: centre pompidou, 2004. exhibition catalogue pp. 267 (ill.), 370 robert rauschenberg . new york: gagosian gallery, 2010. exhibition catalogue pp. 51–52 (ill.) kamps, toby, and steve seid. silence . houston: menil collection; berkeley: university of california, berkeley art museum and pacific film archive, 2012. exhibition catalogue p. 46 (ill.) the show is over . london: gagosian gallery, 2013. exhibition catalogue pp. 104 (ill.), 105 (ill. [install]) craft, catherine.  robert rauschenberg . london: phaidon, 2013 p. 22 (ill. [install]) roberts, sarah. “white painting [three panel].” rauschenberg research project, san francisco museum of modern art, july 2013 enwezor, okwui, katy siegel, and ulrich wilmes, eds. postwar: art between the pacific and the atlantic, 1945–1965 . munich: haus der kunst; prestel, 2016. exhibition catalogue pp. 196–97 (pl. 35), 822 dickerman, leah, and achim borchardt-hume. robert rauschenberg . new york: museum of modern art; london: tate publishing, 2016. exhibition catalogue p. 48 (pl. 10) dziewior, yilmaz, and achim hochdörfer, with arthur fink, eds. five friends: john cage, merce cunningham, jasper johns, robert rauschenberg, cy twombly. munich: museum brandhorst; cologne: museum ludwig, 2025. exhibition catalogue pp. 19 (ill.), 39, 321 stable gallery, new york, rauschenberg: paintings and sculpture , september 15–october 3, 1953 moderna museet, stockholm, den inre och den yttre rymden: en utställning rörande en universell konst ( the inner and outer space: an exhibition devoted to universal art ), december 26, 1965–february 13, 1966 no. 268 leo castelli gallery, new york, white paintings 1951 , october 12–26, 1968 fort worth art center museum, texas, robert rauschenberg: selections , january 5–february 2, 1969 (not in cat.) ace gallery, venice, calif., rauschenberg white paintings (1951) , april 10–30, 1973. traveled to ace gallery, vancouver, june 1–16, 1973 leo castelli gallery, new york, black and white: ellsworth kelly, robert rauschenberg, ad reinhardt, richard serra, frank stella , june 7–september 20, 1975 fundación juan march, madrid, rauschenberg , february 8–march 24, 1985. traveled to fundació joan miró, barcelona, march 28–may 19, 1985 no. 1 larry gagosian gallery, new york, rauschenberg: the white and black paintings 1949–1952 , april 18–may 31, 1986 central house of artists, moscow, roci: rauschenberg overseas culture interchange , february 2–march 5, 1989 (not in brochure) neue berliner galerie im alten museum, berlin, roci: rauschenberg overseas culture interchange , march 10–april 1, 1990 (not in brochure) corcoran gallery of art, washington, d.c., robert rauschenberg: the early 1950s , june 15–august 11, 1991. organized by menil collection, houston. traveled to menil collection, houston, september 27, 1991–january 5, 1992; museum of contemporary art chicago, february 8–april 19, 1992; san francisco museum of modern art, may 14–august 16, 1992; guggenheim museum soho, new york, october 24, 1992–january 24, 1993 45th venice biennale, punti cardinale dell’arte ( cardinal points of art ), june 13–october 10, 1993 (not in cat.) hiroshima city museum of contemporary art, the 2nd hiroshima art prize: robert rauschenberg , november 3, 1993–january 16, 1994 no. 5 solomon r. guggenheim museum, new york, abstraction in the twentieth century: total risk, freedom, discipline , february 9–may 12, 1996 24th bienal de são paulo, october 3–december 13, 1998 (not in cat.) rooseum center for contemporary art, malmö, sweden, oskuldens århundrade: den vita monokromens historia ( century of innocence: the history of the white monochrome ), september 16–december 17, 2000. traveled to liljevalchs konsthall, stockholm, january 27–march 25, 2001 centre national d’art et de culture georges pompidou, paris, sons et lumières: une histoire du son dans l’art du xx e siècle , september 22, 2004–january 3, 2005 gagosian gallery, new york, robert rauschenberg , october 29, 2010–january 15, 2011 menil collection, houston, silence , july 27–october 21, 2012. traveled to university of california, berkeley art museum and pacific film archive, january 30–april 28, 2013 gagosian gallery, london, the show is over , october 15–november 30, 2013 haus der kunst, munich, postwar: kunst zwischen pazifik und atlantik, 1945–1965 ( postwar: art between the pacific and the atlantic, 1945–1965 ), october 14, 2016–march 26, 2017 tate modern, london, robert rauschenberg , december 1, 2016–april 2, 2017. organized with museum of modern art, new york. traveled to museum of modern art, new york (as robert rauschenberg: among friends ), may 21–september 17, 2017; san francisco museum of modern art (as robert rauschenberg: erasing the rules ), november 18, 2017–march 25, 2018 (shown in new york only) museum brandhorst, munich, fünf freunde: john cage, merce cunningham, jasper johns, robert rauschenberg, cy twombly ( five friends: john cage, merce cunningham, jasper johns, robert rauschenberg, cy twombly ), april 10–august 17, 2025. traveled to museum ludwig, cologne, october 3, 2025–january 11, 2026",{"fieldData":1683,"portalData":1691,"recordId":1692,"modId":1693,"bibliographyItems":1694,"exhibitionItems":1718,"searchText":1720},{"pk_ArtworkID":1684,"Unique Impression ID":1685,"Artist":9,"Title":1686,"Display Date":48,"zc_YearFirst":49,"Medium":1687,"Dimensions":14,"zf_WebPublished":22,"Series":15,"Reg Number Text":1685,"fk_ArtworkSeriesID":15,"zc_htmlTitle":1688,"Credit Line":52,"zc_htmlCreditLine":53,"CR_Inscriptions":15,"zc_htmlCRInscriptions":15,"TItle_Alternative":15,"zc_htmlTitleAlternative":15,"Studio":54,"fk_StudioID":55,"CR_Classification":19,"Public Notes":15,"CR_Provenance":15,"zc_SortRegNo":972,"zc_SortRegNo2":21,"zc_htmlCRPublicNotes":15,"zc_htmlCRProvenance":15,"zc_CR_examDate":15,"CR_followup":15,"zf_CR":22,"modificationTimestampAPI":1689,"cr_sequence_number":324,"Search Year Start":49,"Search Year Start Circa":22,"Search Year End":49,"Search Year End Circa":22,"Year":48,"CR Number":1690,"zf_CRpublished":22,"zf_nonextant":22},125,"51.008","Stone, Stone, Stone","Oil, printed paper, plastic, mirror, and hair on canvas (?)","\u003Cspan style=\"font-style:italic;\" >Stone, Stone, Stone\u003C\u002Fspan>","06\u002F01\u002F2026 12:43:19",21,{},"28","421",[1695,1701,1702,1704,1706,1708,1710,1712,1717],{"pk":1696,"citation":1697,"mentions":1698,"year":1699,"sort":1700},4450,"\u003Cspan style=\"\" >Hess, Thomas B. “U.S. Painting: Some Recent Directions.” \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"font-style:italic;\" >25th Artnews Annual\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"\" >, 1956\u003C\u002Fspan>","\u003Cspan style=\"\" >p. 86 (ill.)\u003C\u002Fspan>",1956,19560000,{"pk":70,"citation":71,"mentions":602,"year":73,"sort":74},{"pk":91,"citation":92,"mentions":1703,"year":88,"sort":94},"\u003Cspan style=\"\" >pp. 128 (fig. 6), 128–29, 131\u003C\u002Fspan>",{"pk":102,"citation":103,"mentions":1705,"year":105,"sort":106},"\u003Cspan style=\"\" >pp. 65–67, 70, 82, 224, n.p. (fig. 10)\u003C\u002Fspan>",{"pk":36,"citation":37,"mentions":1707,"year":39,"sort":40},"\u003Cspan style=\"\" >pp. 28, 30, 44, 52 (pl. 16) (not exhibited)\u003C\u002Fspan>",{"pk":122,"citation":123,"mentions":1709,"year":119,"sort":120},"\u003Cspan style=\"\" >pp. ix, 65–66, 136\u003C\u002Fspan>",{"pk":132,"citation":133,"mentions":1711,"year":135,"sort":136},"\u003Cspan style=\"\" >pp. 42, 300\u003C\u002Fspan>",{"pk":1713,"citation":1714,"mentions":1715,"year":1176,"sort":1716},4241,"\u003Cspan style=\"\" >Craft, Catherine. “In Need of Repair: The Early Exhibition History of Robert Rauschenberg’s Combines.”\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"font-style:italic;\" > Burlington Magazine\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"\" > 154, no. 1308 (March 2012)\u003C\u002Fspan>","\u003Cspan style=\"\" >pp. 191, 194 (fig. 24), 196\u003C\u002Fspan>",20120300,{"pk":144,"citation":145,"mentions":15,"year":146,"sort":147},[1719],{"citation":156,"catalogue":15,"year":49},"21 stone, stone, stone ca. 1951 oil, printed paper, plastic, mirror, and hair on canvas (?) dimensions unknown presumed destroyed 51.008 1951 1951 hess, thomas b. “u.s. painting: some recent directions.” 25th artnews annual , 1956 p. 86 (ill.) robert rauschenberg . washington, d.c.: national collection of fine arts, smithsonian institution, 1976. exhibition catalogue p. 31 (not exhibited) feinstein, roni. “the unknown early robert rauschenberg: the betty parsons exhibition of 1951.” arts magazine (new york) 59, no. 5 (january 1985) pp. 128 (fig. 6), 128–29, 131 feinstein, roni. “random order: the first fifteen years of robert rauschenberg’s art, 1949–1964.” phd diss., new york university, 1990. proquest (303859753) pp. 65–67, 70, 82, 224, n.p. (fig. 10) hopps, walter. robert rauschenberg: the early 1950s . houston: menil collection; houston fine art press, 1991. exhibition catalogue pp. 28, 30, 44, 52 (pl. 16) (not exhibited) wainwright, lisa. “reading junk: thematic imagery in the art of robert rauschenberg from 1952 to 1964.” phd diss., university of illinois, urbana-champaign, 1993. proquest (304050074) pp. ix, 65–66, 136 joseph, branden w. random order: robert rauschenberg and the neo-avant-garde . cambridge, mass.: mit press, 2003 pp. 42, 300 craft, catherine. “in need of repair: the early exhibition history of robert rauschenberg’s combines.” burlington magazine 154, no. 1308 (march 2012) pp. 191, 194 (fig. 24), 196 davidson, susan. “mother of god.” rauschenberg research project, san francisco museum of modern art, july 2013 betty parsons gallery, new york, paintings by bob rauschenberg , may 14–june 2, 1951",{"fieldData":1722,"portalData":1736,"recordId":1737,"modId":181,"bibliographyItems":1738,"exhibitionItems":1757,"searchText":1760},{"pk_ArtworkID":1723,"Unique Impression ID":1724,"Artist":9,"Title":197,"Display Date":48,"zc_YearFirst":49,"Medium":1725,"Dimensions":1726,"zf_WebPublished":22,"Series":15,"Reg Number Text":1724,"fk_ArtworkSeriesID":15,"zc_htmlTitle":201,"Credit Line":1727,"zc_htmlCreditLine":1728,"CR_Inscriptions":15,"zc_htmlCRInscriptions":15,"TItle_Alternative":1729,"zc_htmlTitleAlternative":1730,"Studio":54,"fk_StudioID":55,"CR_Classification":19,"Public Notes":15,"CR_Provenance":1731,"zc_SortRegNo":972,"zc_SortRegNo2":21,"zc_htmlCRPublicNotes":15,"zc_htmlCRProvenance":1732,"zc_CR_examDate":1733,"CR_followup":15,"zf_CR":22,"modificationTimestampAPI":1734,"cr_sequence_number":1326,"Search Year Start":49,"Search Year Start Circa":22,"Search Year End":49,"Search Year End Circa":22,"Year":48,"CR Number":1735,"zf_CRpublished":22,"zf_nonextant":15},126,"51.010","House paint, enamel, crepe paper, newspaper, and mirror on canvas","29 7\u002F8 × 41 in. (76 × 104.2 cm)","Private collection","\u003Cspan style=\"\" >Private collection\u003C\u002Fspan>","Composition","\u003Cspan style=\"font-style:italic;\" >Composition\u003C\u002Fspan>","G. David Thompson, Pittsburgh, by 1960\rGalerie Beyeler, Basel, purchase, ca. 1960\r[probably Harold] Diamond, New York, purchase, November 28, 1962\rAnne and William C. Janss, Palm Desert, Calif., purchase, ca. 1962 (via Ferus Gallery, Los Angeles)\rIra and Lori Young, Vancouver, purchase, 1981 (via James Corcoran Gallery, Los Angeles)\rPrivate collection, purchase, 1984 (via Middendorf Gallery, Washington, D.C.)","\u003Cspan style=\"\" >G. David Thompson, Pittsburgh, by 1960\u003Cbr\u002F>Galerie Beyeler, Basel, purchase, ca. 1960\u003Cbr\u002F>[probably Harold] Diamond, New York, purchase, November 28, 1962\u003Cbr\u002F>Anne and William C. Janss, Palm Desert, Calif., purchase, ca. 1962 (via Ferus Gallery, Los Angeles)\u003Cbr\u002F>Ira and Lori Young, Vancouver, purchase, 1981 (via James Corcoran Gallery, Los Angeles)\u003Cbr\u002F>Private collection, purchase, 1984 (via Middendorf Gallery, Washington, D.C.)\u003C\u002Fspan>","09\u002F12\u002F2023","07\u002F23\u002F2026 17:30:30",22,{},"29",[1739,1743,1747,1749,1751,1753,1755],{"pk":1740,"citation":1741,"mentions":1742,"year":1072,"sort":1073},6064,"\u003Cspan style=\"font-style:italic;\" >One Hundred Paintings from the G. David Thompson Collection\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"\" >. New York: Solomon R. Guggenheim Foundation, 1961. Exhibition catalogue\u003C\u002Fspan>","\u003Cspan style=\"\" >n.p., as \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"font-style:italic;\" >Composition\u003C\u002Fspan>",{"pk":1744,"citation":1745,"mentions":1746,"year":1072,"sort":1073},4256,"\u003Cspan style=\"\" >Fahlström, Öyvind. “En gata full av presenter.” \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"font-style:italic;\" >Konstrevy\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"\" > (Stockholm) 37, nos. 5–6 (1961)\u003C\u002Fspan>","\u003Cspan style=\"\" >p. 180\u003C\u002Fspan>",{"pk":91,"citation":92,"mentions":1748,"year":88,"sort":94},"\u003Cspan style=\"\" >pp. 128, 131 (fig. 7), as \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"font-style:italic;\" >Composition I\u003C\u002Fspan>",{"pk":96,"citation":97,"mentions":1750,"year":99,"sort":100},"\u003Cspan style=\"\" >p. 36, as \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"font-style:italic;\" >Composition 1\u003C\u002Fspan>",{"pk":102,"citation":103,"mentions":1752,"year":105,"sort":106},"\u003Cspan style=\"\" >pp. 59, 67–68, 82, 110, n.p. (figs. 11, 11a [detail]), as \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"font-style:italic;\" >Composition 1\u003C\u002Fspan>",{"pk":36,"citation":37,"mentions":1754,"year":39,"sort":40},"\u003Cspan style=\"\" >pp. 30, 53 (pl. 17) (not exhibited)\u003C\u002Fspan>",{"pk":122,"citation":123,"mentions":1756,"year":119,"sort":120},"\u003Cspan style=\"\" >pp. xvi, 172–73\u003C\u002Fspan>",[1758],{"citation":1759,"catalogue":15,"year":1072},"\u003Cspan style=\"\" >Kunsthaus Zürich, \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"font-style:italic;\" >Thompson Collection\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"\" >, October 15–November 27, 1960. Traveled to Kunstmuseum Düsseldorf (as \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"font-style:italic;\" >Sammlung\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"font-style:italic;letter-spacing: -2px;\" > \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"font-style:italic;\" >G.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"font-style:italic;letter-spacing: -2px;\" > \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"font-style:italic;\" >David\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"font-style:italic;letter-spacing: -2px;\" > \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"font-style:italic;\" >Thompson,\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"font-style:italic;letter-spacing: -2px;\" > \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"font-style:italic;\" >Pittsburgh\u002FUSA\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"\" >), December 14, 1960–January 29, 1961; Haags Gemeentemuseum, The Hague (as \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"font-style:italic;\" >Collectie Thompson uit Pittsburgh\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"\" >), February 17–April 9, 1961; Solomon R. Guggenheim Museum, New York (as \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"font-style:italic;\" >One Hundred Paintings from the G. David Thompson Collection\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"\" >), May 25–August 27, 1961; Galleria Civica d’Arte Moderna, Turin, Italy (as \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"font-style:italic;\" >Collezione G. David Thompson, Pittsburgh, USA\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"\" >), October 16–December 15, 1961\u003C\u002Fspan>","22 untitled ca. 1951 house paint, enamel, crepe paper, newspaper, and mirror on canvas 29 7\u002F8 × 41 in. (76 × 104.2 cm) private collection 51.010 composition g. david thompson, pittsburgh, by 1960 galerie beyeler, basel, purchase, ca. 1960 [probably harold] diamond, new york, purchase, november 28, 1962 anne and william c. janss, palm desert, calif., purchase, ca. 1962 (via ferus gallery, los angeles) ira and lori young, vancouver, purchase, 1981 (via james corcoran gallery, los angeles) private collection, purchase, 1984 (via middendorf gallery, washington, d.c.) 1951 1951 one hundred paintings from the g. david thompson collection . new york: solomon r. guggenheim foundation, 1961. exhibition catalogue n.p., as composition fahlström, öyvind. “en gata full av presenter.” konstrevy (stockholm) 37, nos. 5–6 (1961) p. 180 feinstein, roni. “the unknown early robert rauschenberg: the betty parsons exhibition of 1951.” arts magazine (new york) 59, no. 5 (january 1985) pp. 128, 131 (fig. 7), as composition i feinstein, roni. “the early work of robert rauschenberg: the white paintings, the black paintings, and the elemental sculptures.” arts magazine (new york) 61, no. 1 (september 1986) p. 36, as composition 1 feinstein, roni. “random order: the first fifteen years of robert rauschenberg’s art, 1949–1964.” phd diss., new york university, 1990. proquest (303859753) pp. 59, 67–68, 82, 110, n.p. (figs. 11, 11a [detail]), as composition 1 hopps, walter. robert rauschenberg: the early 1950s . houston: menil collection; houston fine art press, 1991. exhibition catalogue pp. 30, 53 (pl. 17) (not exhibited) wainwright, lisa. “reading junk: thematic imagery in the art of robert rauschenberg from 1952 to 1964.” phd diss., university of illinois, urbana-champaign, 1993. proquest (304050074) pp. xvi, 172–73 kunsthaus zürich, thompson collection , october 15–november 27, 1960. traveled to kunstmuseum düsseldorf (as sammlung g. david thompson, pittsburgh\u002Fusa ), december 14, 1960–january 29, 1961; haags gemeentemuseum, the hague (as collectie thompson uit pittsburgh ), february 17–april 9, 1961; solomon r. guggenheim museum, new york (as one hundred paintings from the g. david thompson collection ), may 25–august 27, 1961; galleria civica d’arte moderna, turin, italy (as collezione g. david thompson, pittsburgh, usa ), october 16–december 15, 1961",{"fieldData":1762,"portalData":1777,"recordId":1778,"modId":1779,"bibliographyItems":1780,"exhibitionItems":1790,"searchText":1797},{"pk_ArtworkID":1763,"Unique Impression ID":1764,"Artist":9,"Title":1765,"Display Date":580,"zc_YearFirst":49,"Medium":223,"Dimensions":1766,"zf_WebPublished":22,"Series":1767,"Reg Number Text":1764,"fk_ArtworkSeriesID":1768,"zc_htmlTitle":1769,"Credit Line":1770,"zc_htmlCreditLine":1771,"CR_Inscriptions":15,"zc_htmlCRInscriptions":15,"TItle_Alternative":15,"zc_htmlTitleAlternative":15,"Studio":1046,"fk_StudioID":1047,"CR_Classification":19,"Public Notes":15,"CR_Provenance":1772,"zc_SortRegNo":972,"zc_SortRegNo2":21,"zc_htmlCRPublicNotes":15,"zc_htmlCRProvenance":1773,"zc_CR_examDate":1774,"CR_followup":15,"zf_CR":22,"modificationTimestampAPI":1775,"cr_sequence_number":1776,"Search Year Start":49,"Search Year Start Circa":15,"Search Year End":49,"Search Year End Circa":15,"Year":580,"CR Number":832,"zf_CRpublished":22,"zf_nonextant":15},127,"51.012","Untitled (Night Blooming)","87 7\u002F8 × 25 3\u002F4 in. (223.1 × 65.5 cm)","Night Bloomings",229,"\u003Cspan style=\"font-style:italic;\" >Untitled\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"\" > (\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"font-style:italic;\" >Night Blooming\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"\" >)\u003C\u002Fspan>","Private collection, California","\u003Cspan style=\"\" >Private collection, California\u003C\u002Fspan>","( . . . )\rPeder Bonnier, New York, purchase, ca. 1980\rThomas Ammann Fine Art, Zurich, purchase, by 1981\r[Sotheby’s, New York, October 31, 1984, lot 51, bought in]\rLarry Gagosian Gallery, New York, purchase, 1987\rPrivate collection, Calif., purchase, 1987","\u003Cspan style=\"\" >( . . . )\u003Cbr\u002F>Peder Bonnier, New York, purchase, ca. 1980\u003Cbr\u002F>Thomas Ammann Fine Art, Zurich, purchase, by 1981\u003Cbr\u002F>[Sotheby’s, New York, October 31, 1984, lot 51, bought in]\u003Cbr\u002F>Larry Gagosian Gallery, New York, purchase, 1987\u003Cbr\u002F>Private collection, Calif., purchase, 1987\u003C\u002Fspan>","06\u002F11\u002F2024","09\u002F25\u002F2026 17:24:32",45,{},"30","570",[1781,1783,1784,1786],{"pk":36,"citation":37,"mentions":1782,"year":39,"sort":40},"\u003Cspan style=\"\" >pp. 32, 63, 64, 77 (pl. 28)\u003C\u002Fspan>",{"pk":553,"citation":554,"mentions":555,"year":113,"sort":556},{"pk":122,"citation":123,"mentions":1785,"year":119,"sort":120},"\u003Cspan style=\"\" >p. xix\u003C\u002Fspan>",{"pk":1787,"citation":1788,"mentions":1789,"year":431,"sort":432},850,"\u003Cspan style=\"\" >Rosenthal, Stephanie. \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"font-style:italic;\" >Black Paintings\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"\" >. Translated by Büro Sieveking. Munich: Haus der Kunst; Ostfildern, Germany: Hatje Cantz, 2006. Exhibition catalogue\u003C\u002Fspan>","\u003Cspan style=\"\" >no. 1, pp. 27, 111 (pl. 1)\u003C\u002Fspan>",[1791,1792,1795],{"citation":501,"catalogue":15,"year":119},{"citation":1793,"catalogue":485,"year":1794},"\u003Cspan style=\"\" >Haus der Kunst, Munich, \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"font-style:italic;\" >Black Paintings: Robert Rauschenberg, Ad Reinhardt, Mark Rothko, Frank Stella\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"\" >, September 15, 2006–January 14, 2007\u003C\u002Fspan>",2007,{"citation":572,"catalogue":1796,"year":573},"(not in cat.; shown in Los Angeles only)","28 untitled ( night blooming ) 1951 oil on canvas 87 7\u002F8 × 25 3\u002F4 in. (223.1 × 65.5 cm) private collection, california 51.012 ( . . . ) peder bonnier, new york, purchase, ca. 1980 thomas ammann fine art, zurich, purchase, by 1981 [sotheby’s, new york, october 31, 1984, lot 51, bought in] larry gagosian gallery, new york, purchase, 1987 private collection, calif., purchase, 1987 night bloomings 1951 1951 hopps, walter. robert rauschenberg: the early 1950s . houston: menil collection; houston fine art press, 1991. exhibition catalogue pp. 32, 63, 64, 77 (pl. 28) bonetti, david. “rauschenberg: ’50s fervor at sfmoma.” san francisco examiner , may 14, 1992 sec. b, p. 6 wainwright, lisa. “reading junk: thematic imagery in the art of robert rauschenberg from 1952 to 1964.” phd diss., university of illinois, urbana-champaign, 1993. proquest (304050074) p. xix rosenthal, stephanie. black paintings . translated by büro sieveking. munich: haus der kunst; ostfildern, germany: hatje cantz, 2006. exhibition catalogue no. 1, pp. 27, 111 (pl. 1) corcoran gallery of art, washington, d.c., robert rauschenberg: the early 1950s , june 15–august 11, 1991. organized by menil collection, houston. traveled to menil collection, houston, september 27, 1991–january 5, 1992; museum of contemporary art chicago, february 8–april 19, 1992; san francisco museum of modern art, may 14–august 16, 1992; guggenheim museum soho, new york, october 24, 1992–january 24, 1993 haus der kunst, munich, black paintings: robert rauschenberg, ad reinhardt, mark rothko, frank stella , september 15, 2006–january 14, 2007 no. 1 institute of contemporary art, boston, leap before you look: black mountain college, 1933–1957 , october 10, 2015–january 24, 2016. traveled to hammer museum, university of california, los angeles, february 21–may 15, 2016; wexner center for the arts, ohio state university, columbus, september 17, 2016–january 1, 2017 (not in cat.; shown in los angeles only)",{"fieldData":1799,"portalData":1813,"recordId":1814,"modId":1815,"bibliographyItems":1816,"exhibitionItems":1833,"searchText":1845},{"pk_ArtworkID":1800,"Unique Impression ID":1801,"Artist":9,"Title":1765,"Display Date":580,"zc_YearFirst":49,"Medium":1802,"Dimensions":1803,"zf_WebPublished":22,"Series":1767,"Reg Number Text":1801,"fk_ArtworkSeriesID":1768,"zc_htmlTitle":1769,"Credit Line":1804,"zc_htmlCreditLine":1805,"CR_Inscriptions":15,"zc_htmlCRInscriptions":15,"TItle_Alternative":1806,"zc_htmlTitleAlternative":1807,"Studio":1046,"fk_StudioID":1047,"CR_Classification":19,"Public Notes":15,"CR_Provenance":1808,"zc_SortRegNo":972,"zc_SortRegNo2":21,"zc_htmlCRPublicNotes":15,"zc_htmlCRProvenance":1809,"zc_CR_examDate":1810,"CR_followup":15,"zf_CR":22,"modificationTimestampAPI":1811,"cr_sequence_number":1812,"Search Year Start":49,"Search Year Start Circa":15,"Search Year End":49,"Search Year End Circa":15,"Year":580,"CR Number":974,"zf_CRpublished":22,"zf_nonextant":15},128,"51.013","Oil, bitumen, and gravel on canvas","62 1\u002F4 × 31 1\u002F2 in. (158.1 × 80 cm)","The Menil Collection, Houston (1984-21 DJ)","\u003Cspan style=\"\" >The Menil Collection, Houston (1984-21 DJ)\u003C\u002Fspan>","No. 10–1951","\u003Cspan style=\"font-style:italic;\" >No. 10–1951\u003C\u002Fspan>","( . . . )\r[Sotheby’s, New York, May 9, 1984, lot 61]\rThe Menil Collection, Houston, purchase at above, 1984","\u003Cspan style=\"\" >( . . . )\u003Cbr\u002F>[Sotheby’s, New York, May 9, 1984, lot 61]\u003Cbr\u002F>The Menil Collection, Houston, purchase at above, 1984\u003C\u002Fspan>","2\u002F15\u002F2024","09\u002F25\u002F2026 17:25:01",47,{},"31","542",[1817,1819,1821,1823,1827,1829,1831],{"pk":861,"citation":862,"mentions":1818,"year":791,"sort":792},"\u003Cspan style=\"\" >p. 273 (pl. 209)\u003C\u002Fspan>",{"pk":36,"citation":37,"mentions":1820,"year":39,"sort":40},"\u003Cspan style=\"\" >pp. 6, 32, 63–64, 79 (pl. 30)\u003C\u002Fspan>",{"pk":374,"citation":375,"mentions":1822,"year":377,"sort":378},"\u003Cspan style=\"\" >no. 8, pp. 44, 52 (pl. 8)\u003C\u002Fspan>",{"pk":1824,"citation":1825,"mentions":1826,"year":409,"sort":663},1806,"\u003Cspan style=\"\" >Belcove, Julie L. “Old Master.” \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"font-style:italic;\" >W\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"\" > (New York) 29, no. 9 (September 2000)\u003C\u002Fspan>","\u003Cspan style=\"\" >p. 507\u003C\u002Fspan>",{"pk":1787,"citation":1788,"mentions":1828,"year":431,"sort":432},"\u003Cspan style=\"\" >no. 3, pp. 27, 113 (pl. 3) (not exhibited)\u003C\u002Fspan>",{"pk":558,"citation":559,"mentions":1830,"year":561,"sort":562},"\u003Cspan style=\"\" >p. 307 (ill.)\u003C\u002Fspan>",{"pk":465,"citation":466,"mentions":1832,"year":468,"sort":469},"\u003Cspan style=\"\" >p. 96 (fig. 15)\u003C\u002Fspan>",[1834,1837,1839,1840,1841,1843,1844],{"citation":1835,"catalogue":15,"year":1836},"\u003Cspan style=\"\" >Betty Parsons Gallery, New York, \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"font-style:italic;\" >Gallery Group 1951–52\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"\" >, May 12–June 14, 1952\u003C\u002Fspan>",1952,{"citation":1838,"catalogue":15,"year":989},"\u003Cspan style=\"\" >Menil Collection, Houston, \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"font-style:italic;\" >The Menil Collection\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"\" >, June 7, 1987–October 24, 1988\u003C\u002Fspan>",{"citation":501,"catalogue":15,"year":119},{"citation":1301,"catalogue":566,"year":639},{"citation":504,"catalogue":1842,"year":129},"no. 8",{"citation":572,"catalogue":15,"year":573},{"citation":913,"catalogue":15,"year":468},"30 untitled ( night blooming ) 1951 oil, bitumen, and gravel on canvas 62 1\u002F4 × 31 1\u002F2 in. (158.1 × 80 cm) the menil collection, houston (1984-21 dj) 51.013 no. 10–1951 ( . . . ) [sotheby’s, new york, may 9, 1984, lot 61] the menil collection, houston, purchase at above, 1984 night bloomings 1951 1951 the menil collection: a selection from the paleolithic to the modern era . new york: harry n. abrams, 1987 p. 273 (pl. 209) hopps, walter. robert rauschenberg: the early 1950s . houston: menil collection; houston fine art press, 1991. exhibition catalogue pp. 6, 32, 63–64, 79 (pl. 30) hopps, walter, and susan davidson. robert rauschenberg: a retrospective . new york: solomon r. guggenheim foundation, 1997. exhibition catalogue no. 8, pp. 44, 52 (pl. 8) belcove, julie l. “old master.” w (new york) 29, no. 9 (september 2000) p. 507 rosenthal, stephanie. black paintings . translated by büro sieveking. munich: haus der kunst; ostfildern, germany: hatje cantz, 2006. exhibition catalogue no. 3, pp. 27, 113 (pl. 3) (not exhibited) molesworth, helen, with ruth erickson. leap before you look: black mountain college, 1933–1957 . boston: institute of contemporary art; new haven, conn.: yale university press, 2015. exhibition catalogue p. 307 (ill.) stemmrich, gregor. robert rauschenberg’s “erased de kooning drawing” (1953): modernism, literalism, postmodernism . translated by steven lindberg. berlin: hatje cantz, 2023 p. 96 (fig. 15) betty parsons gallery, new york, gallery group 1951–52 , may 12–june 14, 1952 menil collection, houston, the menil collection , june 7, 1987–october 24, 1988 corcoran gallery of art, washington, d.c., robert rauschenberg: the early 1950s , june 15–august 11, 1991. organized by menil collection, houston. traveled to menil collection, houston, september 27, 1991–january 5, 1992; museum of contemporary art chicago, february 8–april 19, 1992; san francisco museum of modern art, may 14–august 16, 1992; guggenheim museum soho, new york, october 24, 1992–january 24, 1993 museum of contemporary art, los angeles, rolywholyover: a circus, september 12–november 28, 1993. traveled to menil collection, houston, january 14–april 2, 1994; guggenheim museum soho, new york, april 23–july 31, 1994; art tower mito, japan, november 3, 1994–february 26, 1995; philadelphia museum of art, june 4–july 30, 1995 (not in cat.) solomon r. guggenheim museum, new york, robert rauschenberg: a retrospective , september 19, 1997–january 7, 1998 (also guggenheim museum soho, new york, september 19, 1997–january 4, 1998, and ace gallery, new york, september 19–november 9, 1997). traveled to menil collection, contemporary arts museum houston, and museum of fine arts, houston, february 13–may 17, 1998; museum ludwig, cologne (as robert rauschenberg: retrospektive ), june 27–october 11, 1998; museo guggenheim bilbao (as robert rauschenberg: retrospectiva ), november 21, 1998–march 7, 1999 no. 8 institute of contemporary art, boston, leap before you look: black mountain college, 1933–1957 , october 10, 2015–january 24, 2016. traveled to hammer museum, university of california, los angeles, february 21–may 15, 2016; wexner center for the arts, ohio state university, columbus, september 17, 2016–january 1, 2017 menil collection, houston, the curatorial imagination of walter hopps , march 24–august 13, 2023",{"fieldData":1847,"portalData":1863,"recordId":1864,"modId":1865,"bibliographyItems":1866,"exhibitionItems":1892,"searchText":1894},{"pk_ArtworkID":1848,"Unique Impression ID":1849,"Artist":9,"Title":1850,"Display Date":580,"zc_YearFirst":49,"Medium":1851,"Dimensions":1852,"zf_WebPublished":15,"Series":15,"Reg Number Text":1849,"fk_ArtworkSeriesID":15,"zc_htmlTitle":1853,"Credit Line":1854,"zc_htmlCreditLine":1855,"CR_Inscriptions":1856,"zc_htmlCRInscriptions":1857,"TItle_Alternative":15,"zc_htmlTitleAlternative":15,"Studio":54,"fk_StudioID":55,"CR_Classification":19,"Public Notes":1856,"CR_Provenance":1858,"zc_SortRegNo":972,"zc_SortRegNo2":21,"zc_htmlCRPublicNotes":1857,"zc_htmlCRProvenance":1859,"zc_CR_examDate":15,"CR_followup":15,"zf_CR":22,"modificationTimestampAPI":1860,"cr_sequence_number":1861,"Search Year Start":49,"Search Year Start Circa":15,"Search Year End":49,"Search Year End Circa":15,"Year":580,"CR Number":1862,"zf_CRpublished":22,"zf_nonextant":22},129,"51.014","No. 1–1951","Paint and printed paper on canvas (?)","22 × 28 in. (55.9 × 71.1 cm)","\u003Cspan style=\"font-style:italic;\" >No. 1–1951\u003C\u002Fspan>","Painted over by the artist to become Black Painting (no. 83)","\u003Cspan style=\"\" >Painted over by the artist to become \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"font-style:italic;\" >Black Painting\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"\" > (no. 83)\u003C\u002Fspan>","No known surviving photograph of the work","\u003Cspan style=\"\" >No known surviving photograph of the work\u003C\u002Fspan>","John Cage, New York, gift of the artist, 1951\rPainted over by the artist, 1953","\u003Cspan style=\"\" >John Cage, New York, gift of the artist, 1951\u003Cbr\u002F>Painted over by the artist, 1953\u003C\u002Fspan>","10\u002F21\u002F2026 13:48:05",27,15,{},"32","408",[1867,1868,1870,1871,1873,1875,1877,1879,1881,1883,1884,1886,1887,1889,1890],{"pk":65,"citation":66,"mentions":67,"year":49,"sort":68},{"pk":294,"citation":295,"mentions":1869,"year":291,"sort":297},"\u003Cspan style=\"\" >p. 60\u003C\u002Fspan>",{"pk":30,"citation":31,"mentions":276,"year":33,"sort":34},{"pk":91,"citation":92,"mentions":1872,"year":88,"sort":94},"\u003Cspan style=\"\" >p. 129\u003C\u002Fspan>",{"pk":102,"citation":103,"mentions":1874,"year":105,"sort":106},"\u003Cspan style=\"\" >pp. 59, 72–73, 82, as \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"font-style:italic;\" >Composition 1\u003C\u002Fspan>",{"pk":36,"citation":37,"mentions":1876,"year":39,"sort":40},"\u003Cspan style=\"\" >pp. 28, 153, 172, 226 (not exhibited)\u003C\u002Fspan>",{"pk":110,"citation":111,"mentions":1878,"year":113,"sort":114},"\u003Cspan style=\"\" >p. 183\u003C\u002Fspan>",{"pk":374,"citation":375,"mentions":1880,"year":377,"sort":378},"\u003Cspan style=\"\" >p. 551 (not exhibited)\u003C\u002Fspan>",{"pk":1147,"citation":1148,"mentions":1882,"year":1150,"sort":1151},"\u003Cspan style=\"\" >p. 212 (not exhibited)\u003C\u002Fspan>",{"pk":424,"citation":425,"mentions":599,"year":421,"sort":422},{"pk":428,"citation":429,"mentions":1885,"year":431,"sort":432},"\u003Cspan style=\"\" >p. 156\u003C\u002Fspan>",{"pk":144,"citation":145,"mentions":15,"year":146,"sort":147},{"pk":454,"citation":455,"mentions":1888,"year":187,"sort":188},"\u003Cspan style=\"\" >pp. 37, 39, 396 (not exhibited)\u003C\u002Fspan>",{"pk":149,"citation":150,"mentions":1030,"year":152,"sort":153},{"pk":471,"citation":472,"mentions":1891,"year":474,"sort":475},"\u003Cspan style=\"\" >pp. 34, 50 (not exhibited)\u003C\u002Fspan>",[1893],{"citation":156,"catalogue":15,"year":49},"15 no. 1–1951 1951 paint and printed paper on canvas (?) 22 × 28 in. (55.9 × 71.1 cm) painted over by the artist to become black painting (no. 83) 51.014 no known surviving photograph of the work john cage, new york, gift of the artist, 1951 painted over by the artist, 1953 1951 1951 cole, mary. “fifty-seventh street in review: bob rauschenberg.” art digest 25, no. 17 (june 1, 1951) p. 18 tomkins, calvin. “profiles: moving out.” new yorker 40, no. 2 (february 29, 1964) p. 60 tomkins, calvin.  off the wall: robert rauschenberg and the art world of our time . garden city, n.y.: doubleday, 1980 p. 65 feinstein, roni. “the unknown early robert rauschenberg: the betty parsons exhibition of 1951.” arts magazine (new york) 59, no. 5 (january 1985) p. 129 feinstein, roni. “random order: the first fifteen years of robert rauschenberg’s art, 1949–1964.” phd diss., new york university, 1990. proquest (303859753) pp. 59, 72–73, 82, as composition 1 hopps, walter. robert rauschenberg: the early 1950s . houston: menil collection; houston fine art press, 1991. exhibition catalogue pp. 28, 153, 172, 226 (not exhibited) smith, mark l. “image and word in the prints of robert rauschenberg, 1951–1981.” phd diss., university of texas at austin, 1992. proquest (304034847) p. 183 hopps, walter, and susan davidson. robert rauschenberg: a retrospective . new york: solomon r. guggenheim foundation, 1997. exhibition catalogue p. 551 (not exhibited) davidson, susan, and david white. rauschenberg . ferrara, italy: ferrara arte, 2004. exhibition catalogue p. 212 (not exhibited) tomkins, calvin. off the wall: a portrait of robert rauschenberg . new york: picador, 2005 p. 59 hunter, sam. robert rauschenberg: works, writings and interviews . barcelona: polígrafa, 2006 p. 156 davidson, susan. “mother of god.” rauschenberg research project, san francisco museum of modern art, july 2013 dickerman, leah, and achim borchardt-hume. robert rauschenberg . new york: museum of modern art; london: tate publishing, 2016. exhibition catalogue pp. 37, 39, 396 (not exhibited) kotz, mary lynn. rauschenberg: art and life . 3rd ed. new york: harry n. abrams, 2018 p. 71 dziewior, yilmaz, and achim hochdörfer, with arthur fink, eds. five friends: john cage, merce cunningham, jasper johns, robert rauschenberg, cy twombly. munich: museum brandhorst; cologne: museum ludwig, 2025. exhibition catalogue pp. 34, 50 (not exhibited) betty parsons gallery, new york, paintings by bob rauschenberg , may 14–june 2, 1951",{"fieldData":1896,"portalData":1906,"recordId":1907,"modId":1908,"bibliographyItems":1909,"exhibitionItems":1937,"searchText":1952},{"pk_ArtworkID":1897,"Unique Impression ID":1898,"Artist":9,"Title":1765,"Display Date":580,"zc_YearFirst":49,"Medium":1899,"Dimensions":1900,"zf_WebPublished":22,"Series":1767,"Reg Number Text":1898,"fk_ArtworkSeriesID":1768,"zc_htmlTitle":1769,"Credit Line":923,"zc_htmlCreditLine":924,"CR_Inscriptions":1901,"zc_htmlCRInscriptions":1902,"TItle_Alternative":15,"zc_htmlTitleAlternative":15,"Studio":1046,"fk_StudioID":1047,"CR_Classification":19,"Public Notes":15,"CR_Provenance":1903,"zc_SortRegNo":972,"zc_SortRegNo2":21,"zc_htmlCRPublicNotes":15,"zc_htmlCRProvenance":1904,"zc_CR_examDate":929,"CR_followup":15,"zf_CR":22,"modificationTimestampAPI":1905,"cr_sequence_number":85,"Search Year Start":49,"Search Year Start Circa":15,"Search Year End":49,"Search Year End Circa":15,"Year":580,"CR Number":590,"zf_CRpublished":22,"zf_nonextant":15},131,"51.016","Oil, bitumen, gravel, and insects on canvas","82 7\u002F8 × 38 7\u002F8 in. (210.5 × 98.8 cm)","Inscribed on back, upper center: prayer \u002F challice [sideways]","\u003Cspan style=\"\" >Inscribed on back, upper center: \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"font-style:italic;\" >prayer\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"\" > \u002F \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"font-style:italic;\" >challice\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"\" > [sideways]\u003C\u002Fspan>","[Knox Martin, New York, deposit by the artist, ca. 1951]\rRobert Rauschenberg, purchase, by 1980\rRobert Rauschenberg Foundation, New York, bequest, 2008","\u003Cspan style=\"\" >[Knox Martin, New York, deposit by the artist, ca. 1951]\u003Cbr\u002F>Robert Rauschenberg, purchase, by 1980\u003Cbr\u002F>Robert Rauschenberg Foundation, New York, bequest, 2008\u003C\u002Fspan>","09\u002F25\u002F2026 17:24:51",{},"34","1118",[1910,1912,1914,1916,1917,1919,1923,1925,1927,1929,1931,1933,1935],{"pk":102,"citation":103,"mentions":1911,"year":105,"sort":106},"\u003Cspan style=\"\" >p. 50, n.p. (fig. 3)\u003C\u002Fspan>",{"pk":36,"citation":37,"mentions":1913,"year":39,"sort":40},"\u003Cspan style=\"\" >pp. 32, 63–64, 78 (pl. 29)\u003C\u002Fspan>",{"pk":116,"citation":117,"mentions":1915,"year":119,"sort":120},"\u003Cspan style=\"\" >n.p. (pl. 3), p. 93\u003C\u002Fspan>",{"pk":122,"citation":123,"mentions":1785,"year":119,"sort":120},{"pk":374,"citation":375,"mentions":1918,"year":377,"sort":378},"\u003Cspan style=\"\" >no. 9, pp. 44, 53 (pl. 9)\u003C\u002Fspan>",{"pk":1920,"citation":1921,"mentions":1922,"year":409,"sort":410},1004,"\u003Cspan style=\"\" >Költzsch, Georg-W., and Margarita Tupitsyn, eds. \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"font-style:italic;\" >Bauhaus: Dessau, Chicago, New York\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"\" >. Cologne: DuMont, 2000. Exhibition catalogue\u003C\u002Fspan>","\u003Cspan style=\"\" >no. 45, p. 112 (ill.)\u003C\u002Fspan>",{"pk":1141,"citation":1142,"mentions":1924,"year":415,"sort":416},"\u003Cspan style=\"\" >pp. 156, 157 (ill.)\u003C\u002Fspan>",{"pk":1787,"citation":1788,"mentions":1926,"year":431,"sort":432},"\u003Cspan style=\"\" >no. 2, pp. 27, 112 (pl. 2)\u003C\u002Fspan>",{"pk":1161,"citation":1162,"mentions":1928,"year":141,"sort":142},"\u003Cspan style=\"\" >p. 22 (fig. 14)\u003C\u002Fspan>",{"pk":444,"citation":445,"mentions":1930,"year":146,"sort":447},"\u003Cspan style=\"\" >p. 30 (no. 23)\u003C\u002Fspan>",{"pk":144,"citation":145,"mentions":1932,"year":146,"sort":147},"\u003Cspan style=\"\" >(fig. 6)\u003C\u002Fspan>",{"pk":454,"citation":455,"mentions":1934,"year":187,"sort":188},"\u003Cspan style=\"\" >pp. 19, 34, 46 (pl. 7), 93\u003C\u002Fspan>",{"pk":471,"citation":472,"mentions":1936,"year":474,"sort":475},"\u003Cspan style=\"\" >pp. 84 (ill.), 321\u003C\u002Fspan>",[1938,1939,1941,1944,1945,1946,1948,1949,1950,1951],{"citation":501,"catalogue":15,"year":119},{"citation":504,"catalogue":1940,"year":129},"no. 9",{"citation":1942,"catalogue":1943,"year":409},"\u003Cspan style=\"\" >Museum Folkwang, Essen, Germany, \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"font-style:italic;\" >Bauhaus: Dessau, Chicago, New York\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"\" >, August 12–November 12, 2000\u003C\u002Fspan>","no. 45",{"citation":1204,"catalogue":15,"year":1205},{"citation":1207,"catalogue":15,"year":135},{"citation":1947,"catalogue":1313,"year":431},"\u003Cspan style=\"\" >Asheville Art Museum, N.C., \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"font-style:italic;\" >Black Mountain College: Its Time and Place\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"\" >, April 7–August 6, 2006\u003C\u002Fspan>",{"citation":1793,"catalogue":1189,"year":1794},{"citation":1211,"catalogue":566,"year":561},{"citation":507,"catalogue":715,"year":152},{"citation":759,"catalogue":15,"year":760},"29 untitled ( night blooming ) 1951 oil, bitumen, gravel, and insects on canvas 82 7\u002F8 × 38 7\u002F8 in. (210.5 × 98.8 cm) robert rauschenberg foundation, new york 51.016 inscribed on back, upper center: prayer \u002F challice [sideways] [knox martin, new york, deposit by the artist, ca. 1951] robert rauschenberg, purchase, by 1980 robert rauschenberg foundation, new york, bequest, 2008 night bloomings 1951 1951 feinstein, roni. “random order: the first fifteen years of robert rauschenberg’s art, 1949–1964.” phd diss., new york university, 1990. proquest (303859753) p. 50, n.p. (fig. 3) hopps, walter. robert rauschenberg: the early 1950s . houston: menil collection; houston fine art press, 1991. exhibition catalogue pp. 32, 63–64, 78 (pl. 29) robert rauschenberg. tokyo: kodansha, 1993 n.p. (pl. 3), p. 93 wainwright, lisa. “reading junk: thematic imagery in the art of robert rauschenberg from 1952 to 1964.” phd diss., university of illinois, urbana-champaign, 1993. proquest (304050074) p. xix hopps, walter, and susan davidson. robert rauschenberg: a retrospective . new york: solomon r. guggenheim foundation, 1997. exhibition catalogue no. 9, pp. 44, 53 (pl. 9) költzsch, georg-w., and margarita tupitsyn, eds. bauhaus: dessau, chicago, new york . cologne: dumont, 2000. exhibition catalogue no. 45, p. 112 (ill.) katz, vincent, ed. black mountain college: experiment in art . cambridge, mass.: mit press, 2002. exhibition catalogue pp. 156, 157 (ill.) rosenthal, stephanie. black paintings . translated by büro sieveking. munich: haus der kunst; ostfildern, germany: hatje cantz, 2006. exhibition catalogue no. 2, pp. 27, 112 (pl. 2) davidson, susan, and david white, eds.  robert rauschenberg: photographs 1949–1962 . new york: d.a.p.\u002Fdistributed art publishers, 2011 p. 22 (fig. 14) craft, catherine.  robert rauschenberg . london: phaidon, 2013 p. 30 (no. 23) davidson, susan. “mother of god.” rauschenberg research project, san francisco museum of modern art, july 2013 (fig. 6) dickerman, leah, and achim borchardt-hume. robert rauschenberg . new york: museum of modern art; london: tate publishing, 2016. exhibition catalogue pp. 19, 34, 46 (pl. 7), 93 dziewior, yilmaz, and achim hochdörfer, with arthur fink, eds. five friends: john cage, merce cunningham, jasper johns, robert rauschenberg, cy twombly. munich: museum brandhorst; cologne: museum ludwig, 2025. exhibition catalogue pp. 84 (ill.), 321 corcoran gallery of art, washington, d.c., robert rauschenberg: the early 1950s , june 15–august 11, 1991. organized by menil collection, houston. traveled to menil collection, houston, september 27, 1991–january 5, 1992; museum of contemporary art chicago, february 8–april 19, 1992; san francisco museum of modern art, may 14–august 16, 1992; guggenheim museum soho, new york, october 24, 1992–january 24, 1993 solomon r. guggenheim museum, new york, robert rauschenberg: a retrospective , september 19, 1997–january 7, 1998 (also guggenheim museum soho, new york, september 19, 1997–january 4, 1998, and ace gallery, new york, september 19–november 9, 1997). traveled to menil collection, contemporary arts museum houston, and museum of fine arts, houston, february 13–may 17, 1998; museum ludwig, cologne (as robert rauschenberg: retrospektive ), june 27–october 11, 1998; museo guggenheim bilbao (as robert rauschenberg: retrospectiva ), november 21, 1998–march 7, 1999 no. 9 museum folkwang, essen, germany, bauhaus: dessau, chicago, new york , august 12–november 12, 2000 no. 45 solomon r. guggenheim museum, new york, the global guggenheim: selections from the extended collection , february 9–april 22, 2001 museo nacional centro de arte reina sofía, madrid, black mountain college: una aventura americana ( black mountain college: experiment in art ), october 28, 2002–january 13, 2003 asheville art museum, n.c., black mountain college: its time and place , april 7–august 6, 2006 (not in brochure) haus der kunst, munich, black paintings: robert rauschenberg, ad reinhardt, mark rothko, frank stella , september 15, 2006–january 14, 2007 no. 2 nasher museum of art at duke university, durham, n.c., rauschenberg: collecting & connecting , august 28, 2014–january 11, 2015 (not in cat.) tate modern, london, robert rauschenberg , december 1, 2016–april 2, 2017. organized with museum of modern art, new york. traveled to museum of modern art, new york (as robert rauschenberg: among friends ), may 21–september 17, 2017; san francisco museum of modern art (as robert rauschenberg: erasing the rules ), november 18, 2017–march 25, 2018 (not shown in london) museum brandhorst, munich, fünf freunde: john cage, merce cunningham, jasper johns, robert rauschenberg, cy twombly ( five friends: john cage, merce cunningham, jasper johns, robert rauschenberg, cy twombly ), april 10–august 17, 2025. traveled to museum ludwig, cologne, october 3, 2025–january 11, 2026",{"fieldData":1954,"portalData":1970,"recordId":1971,"modId":1972,"bibliographyItems":1973,"exhibitionItems":2007,"searchText":2023},{"pk_ArtworkID":1955,"Unique Impression ID":1956,"Artist":9,"Title":1957,"Display Date":1958,"zc_YearFirst":1062,"Medium":1959,"Dimensions":1960,"zf_WebPublished":22,"Series":1961,"Reg Number Text":1956,"fk_ArtworkSeriesID":1962,"zc_htmlTitle":1963,"Credit Line":923,"zc_htmlCreditLine":924,"CR_Inscriptions":15,"zc_htmlCRInscriptions":15,"TItle_Alternative":197,"zc_htmlTitleAlternative":201,"Studio":15,"fk_StudioID":15,"CR_Classification":19,"Public Notes":15,"CR_Provenance":1964,"zc_SortRegNo":972,"zc_SortRegNo2":21,"zc_htmlCRPublicNotes":15,"zc_htmlCRProvenance":1965,"zc_CR_examDate":1966,"CR_followup":15,"zf_CR":22,"modificationTimestampAPI":1967,"cr_sequence_number":1968,"Search Year Start":1062,"Search Year Start Circa":22,"Search Year End":15,"Search Year End Circa":15,"Year":1958,"CR Number":1969,"zf_CRpublished":22,"zf_nonextant":15},132,"51.017","Black Painting","ca. 1953 (remade 1986)","Gesso on canvas, three panels","72 1\u002F4 × 108 1\u002F2 in. (183.4 × 275.7 cm)","Black Paintings",230,"\u003Cspan style=\"font-style:italic;\" >Black Painting\u003C\u002Fspan>","David Tudor, New York, purchase from the artist, ca. 1953\rRobert Rauschenberg, purchase, March 21, 1964\rRobert Rauschenberg Foundation, New York, bequest, 2008","\u003Cspan style=\"\" >David Tudor, New York, purchase from the artist, ca. 1953\u003Cbr\u002F>Robert Rauschenberg, purchase, March 21, 1964\u003Cbr\u002F>Robert Rauschenberg Foundation, New York, bequest, 2008\u003C\u002Fspan>","5\u002F31\u002F2023","07\u002F30\u002F2026 14:57:49",141,86,{},"35","895",[1974,1976,1977,1978,1980,1982,1984,1985,1987,1991,1995,1997,1999,2001,2005],{"pk":24,"citation":269,"mentions":1975,"year":271,"sort":272},"\u003Cspan style=\"\" >no. 5, n.p. (ill.)\u003C\u002Fspan>",{"pk":283,"citation":284,"mentions":1076,"year":271,"sort":286},{"pk":294,"citation":295,"mentions":1078,"year":291,"sort":297},{"pk":355,"citation":356,"mentions":1979,"year":99,"sort":358},"\u003Cspan style=\"\" >n.p. (pl. 4)\u003C\u002Fspan>",{"pk":1127,"citation":1128,"mentions":1981,"year":989,"sort":990},"\u003Cspan style=\"\" >no. 23, p. 131 (ill.)\u003C\u002Fspan>",{"pk":36,"citation":37,"mentions":1983,"year":39,"sort":40},"\u003Cspan style=\"\" >pp. 63, 66, 87 (pl. 37), 154, 184, 190 (pl. 117 [install]), as \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"font-style:italic;\" >Untitled \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"\" >[matte black triptych]\u003C\u002Fspan>",{"pk":1491,"citation":1492,"mentions":1493,"year":113,"sort":1494},{"pk":368,"citation":369,"mentions":1986,"year":119,"sort":120},"\u003Cspan style=\"\" >no. 6, p. 55 (pl. 6), as \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"font-style:italic;\" >Untitled \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"\" >[matte black triptych]\u003C\u002Fspan>",{"pk":1988,"citation":1989,"mentions":1990,"year":119,"sort":120},4037,"\u003Cspan style=\"\" >Celant, Germano, ed. \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"font-style:italic;\" >Roma–New York, 1948–1964: An Art Exploration.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"\" > Milan: Charta, 1993. Exhibition catalogue\u003C\u002Fspan>","\u003Cspan style=\"\" >p. 21, as \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"font-style:italic;\" >Untitled\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"\" > [matte black triptych] (not exhibited)\u003C\u002Fspan>",{"pk":1992,"citation":1993,"mentions":1994,"year":639,"sort":640},6431,"\u003Cspan style=\"font-style:italic;\" >La Biennale di Venezia, 46. esposizione internazionale d’arte: Identity and Alterity, Figures of the Body 1895\u002F1995.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"\" > Venice:\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"font-style:italic;\" > \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"\" >Marsilio, 1995. Exhibition catalogue\u003C\u002Fspan>","\u003Cspan style=\"\" >no. VI. 28, p. 384 (ill.), as \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"font-style:italic;\" >Untitled\u003C\u002Fspan>",{"pk":1787,"citation":1788,"mentions":1996,"year":431,"sort":432},"\u003Cspan style=\"\" >no. 4, pp. 27, 115 (pl. 4), as\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"font-style:italic;\" > Untitled (matte black triptych)\u003C\u002Fspan>",{"pk":438,"citation":439,"mentions":1998,"year":441,"sort":442},"\u003Cspan style=\"\" >p. 361 (fig. 13), as \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"font-style:italic;\" >Untitled (Black Paintings)\u003C\u002Fspan>",{"pk":939,"citation":940,"mentions":2000,"year":942,"sort":943},"\u003Cspan style=\"\" >pp. 53–54 (ill.), as \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"font-style:italic;\" >Untitled (matte black triptych)\u003C\u002Fspan>",{"pk":2002,"citation":2003,"mentions":2004,"year":1176,"sort":1388},1753,"\u003Cspan style=\"\" >Schimmel, Paul, ed. \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"font-style:italic;\" >Destroy the Picture: Painting the Void, 1949–1962\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"\" >. Los Angeles: Museum of Contemporary Art, 2012. Exhibition catalogue\u003C\u002Fspan>","\u003Cspan style=\"\" >pp. 112–13 (ill.), as \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"font-style:italic;\" >Untitled\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"\" > (not exhibited)\u003C\u002Fspan>",{"pk":688,"citation":689,"mentions":2006,"year":146,"sort":147},"\u003Cspan style=\"\" >(fig. 2), as \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"font-style:italic;\" >Untitled\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"\" > [matte black triptych]\u003C\u002Fspan>",[2008,2009,2010,2011,2013,2014,2016,2017,2020,2021,2022],{"citation":1187,"catalogue":15,"year":1062},{"citation":484,"catalogue":1289,"year":271},{"citation":499,"catalogue":15,"year":99},{"citation":1412,"catalogue":2012,"year":989},"no. 23",{"citation":501,"catalogue":15,"year":119},{"citation":2015,"catalogue":478,"year":1421},"\u003Cspan style=\"\" >Guggenheim Museum SoHo, New York, \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"font-style:italic;\" >Singular Dimensions in Painting\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"\" >, May 26, 1993–January 4, 1994\u003C\u002Fspan>",{"citation":1419,"catalogue":907,"year":1421},{"citation":2018,"catalogue":2019,"year":639},"\u003Cspan style=\"\" >46th Venice Biennale, \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"font-style:italic;\" >Identità e alterità: Figure del corpo 1895–1995 \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"\" >(\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"font-style:italic;\" >Identity and Alterity: Figures of the Body 1895–1995\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"\" >), June 10–October 14, 1995\u003C\u002Fspan>","no. VI. 28",{"citation":1793,"catalogue":956,"year":1794},{"citation":958,"catalogue":15,"year":141},{"citation":1211,"catalogue":566,"year":561},"86 black painting ca. 1953 (remade 1986) gesso on canvas, three panels 72 1\u002F4 × 108 1\u002F2 in. (183.4 × 275.7 cm) robert rauschenberg foundation, new york 51.017 untitled david tudor, new york, purchase from the artist, ca. 1953 robert rauschenberg, purchase, march 21, 1964 robert rauschenberg foundation, new york, bequest, 2008 black paintings 1953 solomon, alan r. robert rauschenberg . new york: jewish museum, 1963. exhibition catalogue no. 5, n.p. (ill.) johnston, jill. “reviews and previews: robert rauschenberg.” artnews 62, no. 3 (may 1963) p. 11 tomkins, calvin. “profiles: moving out.” new yorker 40, no. 2 (february 29, 1964) p. 39 rauschenberg: the white and black paintings 1949–1952 . new york: larry gagosian gallery, 1986. exhibition catalogue n.p. (pl. 4) la couleur seule: l’expérience du monochrome . lyon: octobre des arts, 1988. exhibition catalogue no. 23, p. 131 (ill.) hopps, walter. robert rauschenberg: the early 1950s . houston: menil collection; houston fine art press, 1991. exhibition catalogue pp. 63, 66, 87 (pl. 37), 154, 184, 190 (pl. 117 [install]), as untitled [matte black triptych] tallmer, jerry. “getting started in black and white.” new york post , november 6, 1992 p. 42 robert rauschenberg: the 2nd hiroshima art prize . hiroshima: hiroshima city museum of contemporary art, 1993. exhibition catalogue no. 6, p. 55 (pl. 6), as untitled [matte black triptych] celant, germano, ed. roma–new york, 1948–1964: an art exploration. milan: charta, 1993. exhibition catalogue p. 21, as untitled [matte black triptych] (not exhibited) la biennale di venezia, 46. esposizione internazionale d’arte: identity and alterity, figures of the body 1895\u002F1995. venice: marsilio, 1995. exhibition catalogue no. vi. 28, p. 384 (ill.), as untitled rosenthal, stephanie. black paintings . translated by büro sieveking. munich: haus der kunst; ostfildern, germany: hatje cantz, 2006. exhibition catalogue no. 4, pp. 27, 115 (pl. 4), as untitled (matte black triptych) robinson, julia. “from abstraction to model: in the event of george brecht and the conceptual turn in the art of the 1960s.” phd diss., princeton university, n.j., 2008 p. 361 (fig. 13), as untitled (black paintings) robert rauschenberg . new york: gagosian gallery, 2010. exhibition catalogue pp. 53–54 (ill.), as untitled (matte black triptych) schimmel, paul, ed. destroy the picture: painting the void, 1949–1962 . los angeles: museum of contemporary art, 2012. exhibition catalogue pp. 112–13 (ill.), as untitled (not exhibited) roberts, sarah. “white painting [three panel].” rauschenberg research project, san francisco museum of modern art, july 2013 (fig. 2), as untitled [matte black triptych] stable gallery, new york, rauschenberg: paintings and sculpture , september 15–october 3, 1953 jewish museum, new york, robert rauschenberg , march 31–may 12, 1963 no. 5 larry gagosian gallery, new york, rauschenberg: the white and black paintings 1949–1952 , april 18–may 31, 1986 musée saint pierre art contemporain, lyon, la couleur seule: l’expérience du monochrome , october 7–december 5, 1988 no. 23 corcoran gallery of art, washington, d.c., robert rauschenberg: the early 1950s , june 15–august 11, 1991. organized by menil collection, houston. traveled to menil collection, houston, september 27, 1991–january 5, 1992; museum of contemporary art chicago, february 8–april 19, 1992; san francisco museum of modern art, may 14–august 16, 1992; guggenheim museum soho, new york, october 24, 1992–january 24, 1993 guggenheim museum soho, new york, singular dimensions in painting , may 26, 1993–january 4, 1994 (withdrawn early) hiroshima city museum of contemporary art, the 2nd hiroshima art prize: robert rauschenberg , november 3, 1993–january 16, 1994 no. 6 46th venice biennale, identità e alterità: figure del corpo 1895–1995 ( identity and alterity: figures of the body 1895–1995 ), june 10–october 14, 1995 no. vi. 28 haus der kunst, munich, black paintings: robert rauschenberg, ad reinhardt, mark rothko, frank stella , september 15, 2006–january 14, 2007 no. 4 gagosian gallery, new york, robert rauschenberg , october 29, 2010–january 15, 2011 nasher museum of art at duke university, durham, n.c., rauschenberg: collecting & connecting , august 28, 2014–january 11, 2015 (not in cat.)",{"fieldData":2025,"portalData":2039,"recordId":2040,"modId":2041,"bibliographyItems":2042,"exhibitionItems":2084,"searchText":2105},{"pk_ArtworkID":2026,"Unique Impression ID":2027,"Artist":9,"Title":1957,"Display Date":2028,"zc_YearFirst":1062,"Medium":2029,"Dimensions":2030,"zf_WebPublished":22,"Series":1961,"Reg Number Text":2027,"fk_ArtworkSeriesID":1962,"zc_htmlTitle":1963,"Credit Line":2031,"zc_htmlCreditLine":2032,"CR_Inscriptions":2033,"zc_htmlCRInscriptions":2034,"TItle_Alternative":197,"zc_htmlTitleAlternative":201,"Studio":2035,"fk_StudioID":2036,"CR_Classification":19,"Public Notes":15,"CR_Provenance":1441,"zc_SortRegNo":972,"zc_SortRegNo2":21,"zc_htmlCRPublicNotes":15,"zc_htmlCRProvenance":1442,"zc_CR_examDate":1443,"CR_followup":15,"zf_CR":22,"modificationTimestampAPI":2037,"cr_sequence_number":2038,"Search Year Start":1062,"Search Year Start Circa":22,"Search Year End":1062,"Search Year End Circa":22,"Year":2028,"CR Number":766,"zf_CRpublished":22,"zf_nonextant":15},133,"51.018","ca. 1953–54","Enamel and newspaper on canvas","71 3\u002F4 × 52 3\u002F4 in. (182.2 × 134 cm)","San Francisco Museum of Modern Art, Purchase through a gift of Phyllis C. Wattis (98.306)","\u003Cspan style=\"\" >San Francisco Museum of Modern Art, Purchase through a gift of Phyllis C. Wattis (98.306)\u003C\u002Fspan>","Inscribed on upper-right stretcher brace: TOP \u002F RAUSCHENBERG \u002F 61-FULTON ST. \u002F N.Y.C. \u002F NO TITLE; on lower-right stretcher brace: TOP \u002F RAUSCHENBERG \u002F 61-FULTON ST \u002F NYC \u002F NO TITLE [upside down]; on lower-left stretcher brace: TOP [upside down]","\u003Cspan style=\"\" >Inscribed on upper-right stretcher brace: \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"font-style:italic;text-decoration:line-through ;\" >TOP\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"font-style:italic;\" > \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"\" >\u002F\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"font-style:italic;\" > RAUSCHENBERG \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"\" >\u002F \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"font-style:italic;\" >61-FULTON ST. \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"\" >\u002F \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"font-style:italic;\" >N.Y.C. \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"\" >\u002F\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"font-style:italic;\" > \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"font-style:italic;text-decoration:line-through ;\" >NO TITLE\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"\" >; on lower-right stretcher brace: \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"font-style:italic;text-decoration:line-through ;\" >TOP\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"font-style:italic;\" > \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"\" >\u002F \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"font-style:italic;\" >RAUSCHENBERG \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"\" >\u002F \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"font-style:italic;\" >61-FULTON ST \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"\" >\u002F \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"font-style:italic;\" >NYC \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"\" >\u002F\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"font-style:italic;\" > NO TITLE\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"\" > [upside down]; on lower-left stretcher brace: \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"font-style:italic;\" >TOP\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"\" > [upside down]\u003C\u002Fspan>","61 Fulton Street",10006,"09\u002F29\u002F2026 12:38:43",220,{},"36","527",[2043,2045,2047,2049,2051,2053,2055,2057,2059,2061,2063,2065,2069,2074,2076,2080,2082],{"pk":305,"citation":306,"mentions":2044,"year":302,"sort":303},"\u003Cspan style=\"\" >no. 3, n.p. (ill.) (likely not exhibited)\u003C\u002Fspan>",{"pk":70,"citation":71,"mentions":2046,"year":73,"sort":74},"\u003Cspan style=\"\" >no. 7, p. 67 (ill.)\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"font-style:italic;\" > \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"\" >(not exhibited)\u003C\u002Fspan>",{"pk":355,"citation":356,"mentions":2048,"year":99,"sort":358},"\u003Cspan style=\"\" >n.p. (pl. 6)\u003C\u002Fspan>",{"pk":96,"citation":97,"mentions":2050,"year":99,"sort":100},"\u003Cspan style=\"\" >cover (ill.), p. 32\u003C\u002Fspan>",{"pk":102,"citation":103,"mentions":2052,"year":105,"sort":106},"\u003Cspan style=\"\" >p. 103, n.p. (fig. 22)\u003C\u002Fspan>",{"pk":36,"citation":37,"mentions":2054,"year":39,"sort":40},"\u003Cspan style=\"\" >pp. 63, 67, 89 (pl. 38), as\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"font-style:italic;\" > Untitled\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"\" > [glossy black painting]\u003C\u002Fspan>",{"pk":116,"citation":117,"mentions":2056,"year":119,"sort":120},"\u003Cspan style=\"\" >n.p. (pl. 6), p. 94\u003C\u002Fspan>",{"pk":374,"citation":375,"mentions":2058,"year":377,"sort":378},"\u003Cspan style=\"\" >no. 19, pp. 33, 44, 62 (pl. 19), as \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"font-style:italic;\" >Untitled\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"\" > [glossy black painting]\u003C\u002Fspan>",{"pk":132,"citation":133,"mentions":2060,"year":135,"sort":136},"\u003Cspan style=\"\" >p. 83 (ill.), as \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"font-style:italic;\" >Untitled\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"\" > [glossy black painting]\u003C\u002Fspan>",{"pk":1787,"citation":1788,"mentions":2062,"year":431,"sort":432},"\u003Cspan style=\"\" >no. 5, pp. 27, 117 (pl. 5), as \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"font-style:italic;\" >Untitled (glossy black painting)\u003C\u002Fspan>",{"pk":673,"citation":674,"mentions":2064,"year":676,"sort":677},"\u003Cspan style=\"\" >p. 146, as \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"font-style:italic;\" >Untitled\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"\" > [glossy black painting]\u003C\u002Fspan>",{"pk":2066,"citation":2067,"mentions":2068,"year":942,"sort":943},732,"\u003Cspan style=\"\" >Glimcher, Arne. \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"font-style:italic;\" >50 Years at Pace\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"\" >. New York: Pace Gallery, 2010. Exhibition catalogue\u003C\u002Fspan>","\u003Cspan style=\"\" >p. 156 (no. 90), as \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"font-style:italic;\" >Untitled (Glossy Black Painting)\u003C\u002Fspan>",{"pk":2070,"citation":2071,"mentions":2072,"year":141,"sort":2073},4078,"\u003Cspan style=\"\" >Boaden, James. “Black Painting (with Asheville Citizen).” \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"font-style:italic;\" >Art History\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"\" > 34, no. 1 (February 2011)\u003C\u002Fspan>","\u003Cspan style=\"\" >p. 175, as \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"font-style:italic;\" >Untitled Black Painting\u003C\u002Fspan>",20110200,{"pk":2002,"citation":2003,"mentions":2075,"year":1176,"sort":1388},"\u003Cspan style=\"\" >p. 228 (ill.), as \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"font-style:italic;\" >Untitled\u003C\u002Fspan>",{"pk":2077,"citation":2078,"mentions":2079,"year":146,"sort":147},4167,"\u003Cspan style=\"\" >Haskell, Caitlin. “Untitled [glossy black painting].” Rauschenberg Research Project, San Francisco Museum of Modern Art, July 2013\u003C\u002Fspan>","\u003Cspan style=\"\" >(figs. 1, 5–7), as \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"font-style:italic;\" >Untitled\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"\" > [glossy black painting]\u003C\u002Fspan>",{"pk":454,"citation":455,"mentions":2081,"year":187,"sort":188},"\u003Cspan style=\"\" >p. 106 (pl. 66), as \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"font-style:italic;\" >Untitled (Black Painting)\u003C\u002Fspan>",{"pk":149,"citation":150,"mentions":2083,"year":152,"sort":153},"\u003Cspan style=\"\" >pp. 76, 77 (ill.), as \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"font-style:italic;\" >Untitled (glossy black painting)\u003C\u002Fspan>",[2085,2088,2089,2090,2091,2092,2093,2094,2096,2097,2098,2099,2101,2102,2104],{"citation":2086,"catalogue":15,"year":2087},"\u003Cspan style=\"\" >Givens Hall Gallery, Washington University in St. Louis, group show, February 7–25, 1955\u003C\u002Fspan>",1955,{"citation":1654,"catalogue":15,"year":1655},{"citation":499,"catalogue":15,"year":99},{"citation":1294,"catalogue":1313,"year":1246},{"citation":1296,"catalogue":1313,"year":105},{"citation":501,"catalogue":15,"year":119},{"citation":2015,"catalogue":15,"year":1421},{"citation":504,"catalogue":2095,"year":129},"no. 19",{"citation":1562,"catalogue":15,"year":415},{"citation":709,"catalogue":15,"year":135},{"citation":1793,"catalogue":1289,"year":1794},{"citation":2100,"catalogue":15,"year":942},"\u003Cspan style=\"\" >Pace Gallery, New York, \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"font-style:italic;\" >50 Years at Pace\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"\" >, September 17–October 23, 2010\u003C\u002Fspan>",{"citation":711,"catalogue":478,"year":141},{"citation":2103,"catalogue":15,"year":146},"\u003Cspan style=\"\" >Museum of Contemporary Art, Los Angeles, \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"font-style:italic;\" >Destroy the Picture: Painting the Void, 1949–1962\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"\" >, October 6, 2012–January 14, 2013. Traveled to Museum of Contemporary Art Chicago, February 16–June 2, 2013\u003C\u002Fspan>",{"citation":507,"catalogue":1576,"year":152},"114 black painting ca. 1953–54 enamel and newspaper on canvas 71 3\u002F4 × 52 3\u002F4 in. (182.2 × 134 cm) san francisco museum of modern art, purchase through a gift of phyllis c. wattis (98.306) 51.018 inscribed on upper-right stretcher brace: top \u002F rauschenberg \u002F 61-fulton st. \u002F n.y.c. \u002F no title ; on lower-right stretcher brace: top \u002F rauschenberg \u002F 61-fulton st \u002F nyc \u002F no title [upside down]; on lower-left stretcher brace: top [upside down] untitled san francisco museum of modern art, purchase, 1998 (via pacewildenstein, new york) black paintings 1953 1953 robert rauschenberg: selections . fort worth, texas: fort worth art center museum, 1968. exhibition catalogue no. 3, n.p. (ill.) (likely not exhibited) robert rauschenberg . washington, d.c.: national collection of fine arts, smithsonian institution, 1976. exhibition catalogue no. 7, p. 67 (ill.) (not exhibited) rauschenberg: the white and black paintings 1949–1952 . new york: larry gagosian gallery, 1986. exhibition catalogue n.p. (pl. 6) feinstein, roni. “the early work of robert rauschenberg: the white paintings, the black paintings, and the elemental sculptures.” arts magazine (new york) 61, no. 1 (september 1986) cover (ill.), p. 32 feinstein, roni. “random order: the first fifteen years of robert rauschenberg’s art, 1949–1964.” phd diss., new york university, 1990. proquest (303859753) p. 103, n.p. (fig. 22) hopps, walter. robert rauschenberg: the early 1950s . houston: menil collection; houston fine art press, 1991. exhibition catalogue pp. 63, 67, 89 (pl. 38), as untitled [glossy black painting] robert rauschenberg. tokyo: kodansha, 1993 n.p. (pl. 6), p. 94 hopps, walter, and susan davidson. robert rauschenberg: a retrospective . new york: solomon r. guggenheim foundation, 1997. exhibition catalogue no. 19, pp. 33, 44, 62 (pl. 19), as untitled [glossy black painting] joseph, branden w. random order: robert rauschenberg and the neo-avant-garde . cambridge, mass.: mit press, 2003 p. 83 (ill.), as untitled [glossy black painting] rosenthal, stephanie. black paintings . translated by büro sieveking. munich: haus der kunst; ostfildern, germany: hatje cantz, 2006. exhibition catalogue no. 5, pp. 27, 117 (pl. 5), as untitled (glossy black painting) bishop, janet, corey keller, and sarah roberts, eds. san francisco museum of modern art: 75 years of looking forward . san francisco: san francisco museum of modern art, 2009. exhibition catalogue p. 146, as untitled [glossy black painting] glimcher, arne. 50 years at pace . new york: pace gallery, 2010. exhibition catalogue p. 156 (no. 90), as untitled (glossy black painting) boaden, james. “black painting (with asheville citizen).” art history 34, no. 1 (february 2011) p. 175, as untitled black painting schimmel, paul, ed. destroy the picture: painting the void, 1949–1962 . los angeles: museum of contemporary art, 2012. exhibition catalogue p. 228 (ill.), as untitled haskell, caitlin. “untitled [glossy black painting].” rauschenberg research project, san francisco museum of modern art, july 2013 (figs. 1, 5–7), as untitled [glossy black painting] dickerman, leah, and achim borchardt-hume. robert rauschenberg . new york: museum of modern art; london: tate publishing, 2016. exhibition catalogue p. 106 (pl. 66), as untitled (black painting) kotz, mary lynn. rauschenberg: art and life . 3rd ed. new york: harry n. abrams, 2018 pp. 76, 77 (ill.), as untitled (glossy black painting) givens hall gallery, washington university in st. louis, group show, february 7–25, 1955 leo castelli gallery, new york, black and white: ellsworth kelly, robert rauschenberg, ad reinhardt, richard serra, frank stella , june 7–september 20, 1975 larry gagosian gallery, new york, rauschenberg: the white and black paintings 1949–1952 , april 18–may 31, 1986 central house of artists, moscow, roci: rauschenberg overseas culture interchange , february 2–march 5, 1989 (not in brochure) neue berliner galerie im alten museum, berlin, roci: rauschenberg overseas culture interchange , march 10–april 1, 1990 (not in brochure) corcoran gallery of art, washington, d.c., robert rauschenberg: the early 1950s , june 15–august 11, 1991. organized by menil collection, houston. traveled to menil collection, houston, september 27, 1991–january 5, 1992; museum of contemporary art chicago, february 8–april 19, 1992; san francisco museum of modern art, may 14–august 16, 1992; guggenheim museum soho, new york, october 24, 1992–january 24, 1993 guggenheim museum soho, new york, singular dimensions in painting , may 26, 1993–january 4, 1994 solomon r. guggenheim museum, new york, robert rauschenberg: a retrospective , september 19, 1997–january 7, 1998 (also guggenheim museum soho, new york, september 19, 1997–january 4, 1998, and ace gallery, new york, september 19–november 9, 1997). traveled to menil collection, contemporary arts museum houston, and museum of fine arts, houston, february 13–may 17, 1998; museum ludwig, cologne (as robert rauschenberg: retrospektive ), june 27–october 11, 1998; museo guggenheim bilbao (as robert rauschenberg: retrospectiva ), november 21, 1998–march 7, 1999 no. 19 san francisco museum of modern art, points of departure ii: connecting with contemporary art , november 17, 2001–june 9, 2002 san francisco museum of modern art, treasures of modern art: the legacy of phyllis wattis at sfmoma , january 30–june 24, 2003 haus der kunst, munich, black paintings: robert rauschenberg, ad reinhardt, mark rothko, frank stella , september 15, 2006–january 14, 2007 no. 5 pace gallery, new york, 50 years at pace , september 17–october 23, 2010 san francisco museum of modern art, 75 years of looking forward: the anniversary show , december 19, 2009–january 16, 2011 (withdrawn early) museum of contemporary art, los angeles, destroy the picture: painting the void, 1949–1962 , october 6, 2012–january 14, 2013. traveled to museum of contemporary art chicago, february 16–june 2, 2013 tate modern, london, robert rauschenberg , december 1, 2016–april 2, 2017. organized with museum of modern art, new york. traveled to museum of modern art, new york (as robert rauschenberg: among friends ), may 21–september 17, 2017; san francisco museum of modern art (as robert rauschenberg: erasing the rules ), november 18, 2017–march 25, 2018 (shown in san francisco only)",{"fieldData":2107,"portalData":2123,"recordId":2124,"modId":2125,"bibliographyItems":2126,"exhibitionItems":2193,"searchText":2219},{"pk_ArtworkID":2108,"Unique Impression ID":2109,"Artist":9,"Title":1957,"Display Date":2110,"zc_YearFirst":1062,"Medium":2111,"Dimensions":2112,"zf_WebPublished":22,"Series":1961,"Reg Number Text":2109,"fk_ArtworkSeriesID":1962,"zc_htmlTitle":1963,"Credit Line":2113,"zc_htmlCreditLine":2114,"CR_Inscriptions":2115,"zc_htmlCRInscriptions":2116,"TItle_Alternative":197,"zc_htmlTitleAlternative":201,"Studio":2035,"fk_StudioID":2036,"CR_Classification":19,"Public Notes":15,"CR_Provenance":2117,"zc_SortRegNo":972,"zc_SortRegNo2":21,"zc_htmlCRPublicNotes":15,"zc_htmlCRProvenance":2118,"zc_CR_examDate":2119,"CR_followup":15,"zf_CR":22,"modificationTimestampAPI":2120,"cr_sequence_number":2121,"Search Year Start":1062,"Search Year Start Circa":22,"Search Year End":1062,"Search Year End Circa":22,"Year":2110,"CR Number":2122,"zf_CRpublished":22,"zf_nonextant":15},134,"51.019","ca. 1953","Enamel, bitumen, oil, and newspaper on canvas, four panels","7 ft. 3 in. × 14 ft. 2 1\u002F2 in. (2.2 × 4.3 m)","Whitney Museum of American Art, New York, Gift of The American Contemporary Art Foundation Inc., Leonard A. Lauder, President (2002.259a-d)","\u003Cspan style=\"\" >Whitney Museum of American Art, New York, Gift of The American Contemporary Art Foundation Inc., Leonard A. Lauder, President (2002.259a-d)\u003C\u002Fspan>","Inscribed on back of panel 2, upper right: Blk. PAINTING \u002F RAUSCHENBERG \u002F 1951; on back of panel 2, lower center: BLK \u002F \" MT 51+2 [upside down]","\u003Cspan style=\"\" >Inscribed on back of panel 2, upper right: \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"font-style:italic;\" >Blk. PAINTING \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"\" >\u002F\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"font-style:italic;\" > RAUSCHENBERG \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"\" >\u002F\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"font-style:italic;\" > 1951\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"\" >; on back of panel 2, lower center: \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"font-style:italic;\" >BLK \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"\" >\u002F\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"font-style:italic;\" > " MT 51+2\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"\" > [upside down]\u003C\u002Fspan>","John Cage and Merce Cunningham, by exchange, ca. 1953\rRobert Rauschenberg, ca. 1957\r[National Gallery of Art, Washington, D.C., long-term loan, 1985–99]\rAmerican Contemporary Art Foundation, purchase, 2000 (via PaceWildenstein, New York)\rWhitney Museum of American Art, New York, gift, 2002","\u003Cspan style=\"\" >John Cage and Merce Cunningham, by exchange, ca. 1953\u003Cbr\u002F>Robert Rauschenberg, ca. 1957\u003Cbr\u002F>[National Gallery of Art, Washington, D.C., long-term loan, 1985–99]\u003Cbr\u002F>American Contemporary Art Foundation, purchase, 2000 (via PaceWildenstein, New York)\u003Cbr\u002F>Whitney Museum of American Art, New York, gift, 2002\u003C\u002Fspan>","9\u002F13\u002F2022","10\u002F02\u002F2026 14:50:35",143,87,{},"37","619",[2127,2129,2135,2137,2142,2147,2148,2149,2151,2153,2155,2156,2158,2160,2164,2166,2170,2172,2176,2177,2179,2181,2183,2185,2187,2189,2191],{"pk":1069,"citation":1070,"mentions":2128,"year":1072,"sort":1073},"\u003Cspan style=\"\" >p. 49\u003C\u002Fspan>",{"pk":2130,"citation":2131,"mentions":2132,"year":2133,"sort":2134},996,"\u003Cspan style=\"font-style:italic;\" >Poets of the Cities: New York and San Francisco, 1950–1965\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"\" >. Dallas: Dallas Museum of Fine Arts, 1974. Exhibition catalogue\u003C\u002Fspan>","\u003Cspan style=\"\" >no. 49, p. 77 (pl. 5)\u003C\u002Fspan>",1974,19740000,{"pk":70,"citation":71,"mentions":2136,"year":73,"sort":74},"\u003Cspan style=\"\" >no. 8, p. 67 (ill.)\u003C\u002Fspan>",{"pk":2138,"citation":2139,"mentions":2140,"year":844,"sort":2141},4753,"\u003Cspan style=\"\" >Forgey, Benjamin. “An Artist for All Decades.” \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"font-style:italic;\" >Artnews\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"\" > 76, no. 1 (January 1977)\u003C\u002Fspan>","\u003Cspan style=\"\" >pp. 35–36\u003C\u002Fspan>",19770100,{"pk":2143,"citation":2144,"mentions":2145,"year":844,"sort":2146},4755,"\u003Cspan style=\"\" >Perrone, Jeff. “Robert Rauschenberg.” \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"font-style:italic;\" >Artforum\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"\" > 15, no. 6 (February 1977)\u003C\u002Fspan>","\u003Cspan style=\"\" >p. 27 (ill.)\u003C\u002Fspan>",19770200,{"pk":1465,"citation":1466,"mentions":1467,"year":844,"sort":1468},{"pk":30,"citation":31,"mentions":952,"year":33,"sort":34},{"pk":85,"citation":86,"mentions":2150,"year":88,"sort":89},"\u003Cspan style=\"\" >no. 2, n.p. (ill.)\u003C\u002Fspan>",{"pk":355,"citation":356,"mentions":2152,"year":99,"sort":358},"\u003Cspan style=\"\" >n.p. (pl. 7)\u003C\u002Fspan>",{"pk":96,"citation":97,"mentions":2154,"year":99,"sort":100},"\u003Cspan style=\"\" >pp. 32, 34 (ill.)\u003C\u002Fspan>",{"pk":788,"citation":789,"mentions":124,"year":791,"sort":792},{"pk":102,"citation":103,"mentions":2157,"year":105,"sort":106},"\u003Cspan style=\"\" >p. 103, n.p. (fig. 23)\u003C\u002Fspan>",{"pk":36,"citation":37,"mentions":2159,"year":39,"sort":40},"\u003Cspan style=\"\" >pp. 62–63, 66–67, 90–91 (pl. 39), 153, 193 (pl. 120 [install]), as \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"font-style:italic;\" >Untitled \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"\" >[glossy black four-panel painting], p. 66 (fig. 30 [install]), as \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"font-style:italic;\" >Untitled \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"\" >[glossy five-panel black painting]\u003C\u002Fspan>",{"pk":2161,"citation":2162,"mentions":2163,"year":644,"sort":1616},1515,"\u003Cspan style=\"\" >Bois, Yve-Alain, and Rosalind E. Krauss. \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"font-style:italic;\" >L’informe: Mode d’emploi\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"\" >. Paris: Centre Georges Pompidou, 1996. Exhibition catalogue\u003C\u002Fspan>","\u003Cspan style=\"\" >pp. 16, 54, 56 (ill.), 57 (ill. [detail]), as \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"font-style:italic;\" >Sans titre (polyptyque noir)\u003C\u002Fspan>",{"pk":374,"citation":375,"mentions":2165,"year":377,"sort":378},"\u003Cspan style=\"\" >no. 18, pp. 33, 44, 60–61 (pl. 18), as \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"font-style:italic;\" >Untitled \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"\" >[glossy black four-panel painting]\u003C\u002Fspan>",{"pk":2167,"citation":2168,"mentions":2169,"year":377,"sort":378},3121,"\u003Cspan style=\"\" >Bois, Yve-Alain, and Rosalind E. Krauss. \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"font-style:italic;\" >Formless: A User’s Guide\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"\" >. New York: Zone Books, 1997. Exhibition catalogue\u003C\u002Fspan>","\u003Cspan style=\"\" >pp. 24, 59, 60–61 (fig. 18), as \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"font-style:italic;\" >Untitled\u003C\u002Fspan>",{"pk":126,"citation":127,"mentions":2171,"year":129,"sort":130},"\u003Cspan style=\"\" >p. 12 (no. 4), as \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"font-style:italic;\" >Untitled\u003C\u002Fspan>",{"pk":2173,"citation":2174,"mentions":2175,"year":415,"sort":416},1914,"\u003Cspan style=\"\" >Prather, Marla, and Dana A. Miller. \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"font-style:italic;\" >An American Legacy, a Gift to New York: Recent Acquisitions from the Board of Trustees\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"\" >. New York: Whitney Museum of American Art, 2002. Exhibition catalogue\u003C\u002Fspan>","\u003Cspan style=\"\" >pp. 86, 87 (ill.), as \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"font-style:italic;\" >Untitled\u003C\u002Fspan>",{"pk":424,"citation":425,"mentions":649,"year":421,"sort":422},{"pk":1787,"citation":1788,"mentions":2178,"year":431,"sort":432},"\u003Cspan style=\"\" >no. 6, pp. 27, 119 (pl. 6), as \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"font-style:italic;\" >Untitled (glossy black four-panel painting)\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"\" > (not exhibited)\u003C\u002Fspan>",{"pk":428,"citation":429,"mentions":2180,"year":431,"sort":432},"\u003Cspan style=\"\" >p. 16 (ill.), as \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"font-style:italic;\" >Untitled\u003C\u002Fspan>",{"pk":1161,"citation":1162,"mentions":2182,"year":141,"sort":142},"\u003Cspan style=\"\" >p. 23\u003C\u002Fspan>",{"pk":444,"citation":445,"mentions":2184,"year":146,"sort":447},"\u003Cspan style=\"\" >pp. 32–33 (no. 25), as \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"font-style:italic;\" >Untitled\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"\" > [glossy black four panel painting]\u003C\u002Fspan>",{"pk":2077,"citation":2078,"mentions":2186,"year":146,"sort":147},"\u003Cspan style=\"\" >(fig. 4), as \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"font-style:italic;\" >Untitled\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"\" > [glossy black four-panel painting]\u003C\u002Fspan>",{"pk":450,"citation":451,"mentions":2188,"year":187,"sort":188},"\u003Cspan style=\"\" >pp. 32–33 (fig. 24), as \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"font-style:italic;\" >Untitled\u003C\u002Fspan>",{"pk":454,"citation":455,"mentions":2190,"year":187,"sort":188},"\u003Cspan style=\"\" >pp. 94 (ill. [install]), 108–9 (pl. 68), as \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"font-style:italic;\" >Untitled (Black Painting)\u003C\u002Fspan>",{"pk":465,"citation":466,"mentions":2192,"year":468,"sort":469},"\u003Cspan style=\"\" >p. 96 (fig. 16 [install]), as \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"font-style:italic;\" >Untitled \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"\" >[glossy five-panel black painting]\u003C\u002Fspan>",[2194,2195,2197,2200,2201,2202,2203,2204,2205,2207,2209,2211,2213,2215,2216],{"citation":1187,"catalogue":15,"year":1062},{"citation":1404,"catalogue":2196,"year":291},"(only panel 2 shown)",{"citation":2198,"catalogue":2199,"year":1655},"\u003Cspan style=\"\" >Dallas Museum of Fine Arts and Pollock Galleries, Southern Methodist University, Dallas, \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"font-style:italic;\" >Poets of the Cities: New York and San Francisco, 1950–1965\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"\" >, November 20–December 29, 1974. Traveled to San Francisco Museum of Art, January 31–March 23, 1975; Wadsworth Atheneum, Hartford, Conn., April 23–June 1, 1975\u003C\u002Fspan>","no. 49",{"citation":493,"catalogue":1842,"year":79},{"citation":1657,"catalogue":1189,"year":88},{"citation":499,"catalogue":15,"year":99},{"citation":1199,"catalogue":15,"year":99},{"citation":501,"catalogue":15,"year":119},{"citation":2206,"catalogue":15,"year":644},"\u003Cspan style=\"\" >Centre National d’Art et de Culture Georges Pompidou, Paris, \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"font-style:italic;\" >L’informe: Mode d’emploi\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"\" >, May 22–August 26, 1996\u003C\u002Fspan>",{"citation":504,"catalogue":2208,"year":129},"no. 18",{"citation":2210,"catalogue":15,"year":135},"\u003Cspan style=\"\" >Whitney Museum of American Art, New York, \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"font-style:italic;\" >An American Legacy, A Gift to New York\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"\" >, October 24, 2002–January 26, 2003\u003C\u002Fspan>",{"citation":2212,"catalogue":15,"year":676},"\u003Cspan style=\"\" >Whitney Museum of American Art, New York, \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"font-style:italic;\" >Artists Making Photographs\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"\" >, January 16–May 17, 2009\u003C\u002Fspan>",{"citation":2214,"catalogue":15,"year":1022},"\u003Cspan style=\"\" >Whitney Museum of American Art, New York, \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"font-style:italic;\" >Shaping a Collection: Five Decades of Gifts\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"\" >, July 17–October 19, 2014\u003C\u002Fspan>",{"citation":507,"catalogue":1213,"year":152},{"citation":2217,"catalogue":15,"year":2218},"\u003Cspan style=\"\" >Norton Museum of Art, West Palm Beach, Fla., \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"font-style:italic;\" >Robert Rauschenberg: Five Decades from the Whitney’s Collection\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"\" >, February 21–December 13, 2020. Organized by Whitney Museum of American Art, New York\u003C\u002Fspan>",2020,"87 black painting ca. 1953 enamel, bitumen, oil, and newspaper on canvas, four panels 7 ft. 3 in. × 14 ft. 2 1\u002F2 in. (2.2 × 4.3 m) whitney museum of american art, new york, gift of the american contemporary art foundation inc., leonard a. lauder, president (2002.259a-d) 51.019 inscribed on back of panel 2, upper right: blk. painting \u002F rauschenberg \u002F 1951 ; on back of panel 2, lower center: blk \u002F " mt 51+2 [upside down] untitled john cage and merce cunningham, by exchange, ca. 1953 robert rauschenberg, ca. 1957 [national gallery of art, washington, d.c., long-term loan, 1985–99] american contemporary art foundation, purchase, 2000 (via pacewildenstein, new york) whitney museum of american art, new york, gift, 2002 black paintings 1953 1953 cage, john. “on robert rauschenberg, artist, and his work.” metro (milan), no. 2 (1961) p. 49 poets of the cities: new york and san francisco, 1950–1965 . dallas: dallas museum of fine arts, 1974. exhibition catalogue no. 49, p. 77 (pl. 5) robert rauschenberg . washington, d.c.: national collection of fine arts, smithsonian institution, 1976. exhibition catalogue no. 8, p. 67 (ill.) forgey, benjamin. “an artist for all decades.” artnews 76, no. 1 (january 1977) pp. 35–36 perrone, jeff. “robert rauschenberg.” artforum 15, no. 6 (february 1977) p. 27 (ill.) stuckey, charles f. “reading rauschenberg.” art in america 65, no. 2 (march–april 1977) p. 79 tomkins, calvin.  off the wall: robert rauschenberg and the art world of our time . garden city, n.y.: doubleday, 1980 p. 107 rauschenberg . madrid: fundación juan march, 1985. exhibition catalogue no. 2, n.p. (ill.) rauschenberg: the white and black paintings 1949–1952 . new york: larry gagosian gallery, 1986. exhibition catalogue n.p. (pl. 7) feinstein, roni. “the early work of robert rauschenberg: the white paintings, the black paintings, and the elemental sculptures.” arts magazine (new york) 61, no. 1 (september 1986) pp. 32, 34 (ill.) rose, barbara. rauschenberg . new york: vintage books, 1987 p. 62 feinstein, roni. “random order: the first fifteen years of robert rauschenberg’s art, 1949–1964.” phd diss., new york university, 1990. proquest (303859753) p. 103, n.p. (fig. 23) hopps, walter. robert rauschenberg: the early 1950s . houston: menil collection; houston fine art press, 1991. exhibition catalogue pp. 62–63, 66–67, 90–91 (pl. 39), 153, 193 (pl. 120 [install]), as untitled [glossy black four-panel painting], p. 66 (fig. 30 [install]), as untitled [glossy five-panel black painting] bois, yve-alain, and rosalind e. krauss. l’informe: mode d’emploi . paris: centre georges pompidou, 1996. exhibition catalogue pp. 16, 54, 56 (ill.), 57 (ill. [detail]), as sans titre (polyptyque noir) hopps, walter, and susan davidson. robert rauschenberg: a retrospective . new york: solomon r. guggenheim foundation, 1997. exhibition catalogue no. 18, pp. 33, 44, 60–61 (pl. 18), as untitled [glossy black four-panel painting] bois, yve-alain, and rosalind e. krauss. formless: a user’s guide . new york: zone books, 1997. exhibition catalogue pp. 24, 59, 60–61 (fig. 18), as untitled hunter, sam. robert rauschenberg . new york: rizzoli, 1999 p. 12 (no. 4), as untitled prather, marla, and dana a. miller. an american legacy, a gift to new york: recent acquisitions from the board of trustees . new york: whitney museum of american art, 2002. exhibition catalogue pp. 86, 87 (ill.), as untitled tomkins, calvin. off the wall: a portrait of robert rauschenberg . new york: picador, 2005 p. 97 rosenthal, stephanie. black paintings . translated by büro sieveking. munich: haus der kunst; ostfildern, germany: hatje cantz, 2006. exhibition catalogue no. 6, pp. 27, 119 (pl. 6), as untitled (glossy black four-panel painting) (not exhibited) hunter, sam. robert rauschenberg: works, writings and interviews . barcelona: polígrafa, 2006 p. 16 (ill.), as untitled davidson, susan, and david white, eds.  robert rauschenberg: photographs 1949–1962 . new york: d.a.p.\u002Fdistributed art publishers, 2011 p. 23 craft, catherine.  robert rauschenberg . london: phaidon, 2013 pp. 32–33 (no. 25), as untitled [glossy black four panel painting] haskell, caitlin. “untitled [glossy black painting].” rauschenberg research project, san francisco museum of modern art, july 2013 (fig. 4), as untitled [glossy black four-panel painting] krčma, ed. robert rauschenberg . london: tate publishing, 2016 pp. 32–33 (fig. 24), as untitled dickerman, leah, and achim borchardt-hume. robert rauschenberg . new york: museum of modern art; london: tate publishing, 2016. exhibition catalogue pp. 94 (ill. [install]), 108–9 (pl. 68), as untitled (black painting) stemmrich, gregor. robert rauschenberg’s “erased de kooning drawing” (1953): modernism, literalism, postmodernism . translated by steven lindberg. berlin: hatje cantz, 2023 p. 96 (fig. 16 [install]), as untitled [glossy five-panel black painting] stable gallery, new york, rauschenberg: paintings and sculpture , september 15–october 3, 1953 wadsworth atheneum, hartford, conn., black, white and grey , january 9–february 9, 1964 (only panel 2 shown) dallas museum of fine arts and pollock galleries, southern methodist university, dallas, poets of the cities: new york and san francisco, 1950–1965 , november 20–december 29, 1974. traveled to san francisco museum of art, january 31–march 23, 1975; wadsworth atheneum, hartford, conn., april 23–june 1, 1975 no. 49 national collection of fine arts, smithsonian institution, washington, d.c., robert rauschenberg , october 30, 1976–january 2, 1977. traveled to museum of modern art, new york, march 25–may 17, 1977; san francisco museum of modern art, june 24–august 21, 1977; albright-knox art gallery, buffalo, n.y., september 25–october 30, 1977; art institute of chicago, december 3, 1977–january 15, 1978 no. 8 fundación juan march, madrid, rauschenberg , february 8–march 24, 1985. traveled to fundació joan miró, barcelona, march 28–may 19, 1985 no. 2 larry gagosian gallery, new york, rauschenberg: the white and black paintings 1949–1952 , april 18–may 31, 1986 national gallery of art, washington, d.c., seven american masters , july 4–november 15, 1986 corcoran gallery of art, washington, d.c., robert rauschenberg: the early 1950s , june 15–august 11, 1991. organized by menil collection, houston. traveled to menil collection, houston, september 27, 1991–january 5, 1992; museum of contemporary art chicago, february 8–april 19, 1992; san francisco museum of modern art, may 14–august 16, 1992; guggenheim museum soho, new york, october 24, 1992–january 24, 1993 centre national d’art et de culture georges pompidou, paris, l’informe: mode d’emploi , may 22–august 26, 1996 solomon r. guggenheim museum, new york, robert rauschenberg: a retrospective , september 19, 1997–january 7, 1998 (also guggenheim museum soho, new york, september 19, 1997–january 4, 1998, and ace gallery, new york, september 19–november 9, 1997). traveled to menil collection, contemporary arts museum houston, and museum of fine arts, houston, february 13–may 17, 1998; museum ludwig, cologne (as robert rauschenberg: retrospektive ), june 27–october 11, 1998; museo guggenheim bilbao (as robert rauschenberg: retrospectiva ), november 21, 1998–march 7, 1999 no. 18 whitney museum of american art, new york, an american legacy, a gift to new york , october 24, 2002–january 26, 2003 whitney museum of american art, new york, artists making photographs , january 16–may 17, 2009 whitney museum of american art, new york, shaping a collection: five decades of gifts , july 17–october 19, 2014 tate modern, london, robert rauschenberg , december 1, 2016–april 2, 2017. organized with museum of modern art, new york. traveled to museum of modern art, new york (as robert rauschenberg: among friends ), may 21–september 17, 2017; san francisco museum of modern art (as robert rauschenberg: erasing the rules ), november 18, 2017–march 25, 2018 (not shown in san francisco) norton museum of art, west palm beach, fla., robert rauschenberg: five decades from the whitney’s collection , february 21–december 13, 2020. organized by whitney museum of american art, new york",{"fieldData":2221,"portalData":2239,"recordId":2240,"modId":2241,"bibliographyItems":2242,"exhibitionItems":2254,"searchText":2266},{"pk_ArtworkID":2222,"Unique Impression ID":2223,"Artist":9,"Title":2224,"Display Date":2110,"zc_YearFirst":1062,"Medium":2225,"Dimensions":2226,"zf_WebPublished":22,"Series":2227,"Reg Number Text":2223,"fk_ArtworkSeriesID":2228,"zc_htmlTitle":2229,"Credit Line":2230,"zc_htmlCreditLine":2231,"CR_Inscriptions":2232,"zc_htmlCRInscriptions":2233,"TItle_Alternative":15,"zc_htmlTitleAlternative":15,"Studio":15,"fk_StudioID":15,"CR_Classification":731,"Public Notes":15,"CR_Provenance":2234,"zc_SortRegNo":1445,"zc_SortRegNo2":21,"zc_htmlCRPublicNotes":15,"zc_htmlCRProvenance":2235,"zc_CR_examDate":2236,"CR_followup":15,"zf_CR":22,"modificationTimestampAPI":2237,"cr_sequence_number":2238,"Search Year Start":1062,"Search Year Start Circa":22,"Search Year End":1062,"Search Year End Circa":22,"Year":2110,"CR Number":160,"zf_CRpublished":22,"zf_nonextant":15},177,"52.001","Untitled (Scatole e Feticci Personali)","Wood washboard, wheel, metal parts, spikes, keys, nails, ribbon, copper wire, string, feather, walnut, seashell, and glass shard","28 3\u002F8 × 15 3\u002F8 × 4 1\u002F2 in. (72 × 39 × 11.5 cm)","Scatole e Feticci Personali",231,"\u003Cspan style=\"font-style:italic;\" >Untitled\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"\" > (\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"font-style:italic;\" >Scatole e Feticci Personali\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"\" >)\u003C\u002Fspan>","The Menil Collection, Houston, Promised gift from the Collection of Louisa Stude Sarofim in honor of Elsian Cozens' 50th Anniversary","\u003Cspan style=\"\" >The Menil Collection, Houston, Promised gift from the Collection of Louisa Stude Sarofim in honor of Elsian Cozens' 50th Anniversary\u003C\u002Fspan>","Inscribed on back: RAUSCHENBERG \u002F LAJATICO","\u003Cspan style=\"\" >Inscribed on back: \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"font-style:italic;\" >RAUSCHENBERG\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"\" > \u002F \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"font-style:italic;\" >LAJATICO\u003C\u002Fspan>","( . . . )\rIra and Lori Young, Vancouver, purchase, 1981\rLouisa Stude Sarofim, Houston, purchase, March 1998; promised gift to the Menil Collection, Houston","\u003Cspan style=\"\" >( . . . )\u003Cbr\u002F>Ira and Lori Young, Vancouver, purchase, 1981\u003Cbr\u002F>Louisa Stude Sarofim, Houston, purchase, March 1998; promised gift to the Menil Collection, Houston\u003C\u002Fspan>","2\u002F12\u002F2024","09\u002F29\u002F2026 12:37:38",189,{},"80","529",[2243,2245,2250,2252],{"pk":36,"citation":37,"mentions":2244,"year":39,"sort":40},"\u003Cspan style=\"\" >pp. 115, 145 (pl. 94)\u003C\u002Fspan>",{"pk":2246,"citation":2247,"mentions":2248,"year":39,"sort":2249},5072,"\u003Cspan style=\"\" >Johnson, Patricia C. “’50s Unveiled: Rauschenberg Shows Work New to Public.” \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"font-style:italic;\" >Houston Chronicle\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"\" >, September 29, 1991\u003C\u002Fspan>","\u003Cspan style=\"\" >“Zest” sec., p. 22\u003C\u002Fspan>",19910929,{"pk":122,"citation":123,"mentions":2251,"year":119,"sort":120},"\u003Cspan style=\"\" >pp. ix, 70, 72–75\u003C\u002Fspan>",{"pk":374,"citation":375,"mentions":2253,"year":377,"sort":378},"\u003Cspan style=\"\" >no. 46, p. 76 (pl. 46)\u003C\u002Fspan>",[2255,2258,2261,2262,2264],{"citation":2256,"catalogue":2257,"year":1062},"\u003Cspan style=\"\" >Galleria d’Arte Contemporanea, Florence, \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"font-style:italic;\" >Scatole e costruzioni contemplative di Bob Rauschenberg\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"\" >, opened March 14, 1953\u003C\u002Fspan>","(early state)",{"citation":2259,"catalogue":2260,"year":1062},"\u003Cspan style=\"\" >Galleria dell’Obelisco, Rome, \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"font-style:italic;\" >Bob Rauschenberg: Scatole e feticci personali\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"\" >, March 3–10, 1953\u003C\u002Fspan>","(possibly shown [early state])",{"citation":501,"catalogue":15,"year":119},{"citation":504,"catalogue":2263,"year":129},"no. 46",{"citation":2265,"catalogue":566,"year":141},"\u003Cspan style=\"\" >Menil Collection, Houston, \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"font-style:italic;\" >Kurt Schwitters: Color and Collage\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"\" >, October 22, 2010–January 30, 2011. Traveled to Princeton University Art Museum, N.J., March 26–June 26, 2011; University of California, Berkeley Art Museum and Pacific Film Archive, August 3–November 27, 2011\u003C\u002Fspan>","106 untitled ( scatole e feticci personali ) ca. 1953 wood washboard, wheel, metal parts, spikes, keys, nails, ribbon, copper wire, string, feather, walnut, seashell, and glass shard 28 3\u002F8 × 15 3\u002F8 × 4 1\u002F2 in. (72 × 39 × 11.5 cm) the menil collection, houston, promised gift from the collection of louisa stude sarofim in honor of elsian cozens' 50th anniversary 52.001 inscribed on back: rauschenberg \u002F lajatico ( . . . ) ira and lori young, vancouver, purchase, 1981 louisa stude sarofim, houston, purchase, march 1998; promised gift to the menil collection, houston scatole e feticci personali 1953 1953 hopps, walter. robert rauschenberg: the early 1950s . houston: menil collection; houston fine art press, 1991. exhibition catalogue pp. 115, 145 (pl. 94) johnson, patricia c. “’50s unveiled: rauschenberg shows work new to public.” houston chronicle , september 29, 1991 “zest” sec., p. 22 wainwright, lisa. “reading junk: thematic imagery in the art of robert rauschenberg from 1952 to 1964.” phd diss., university of illinois, urbana-champaign, 1993. proquest (304050074) pp. ix, 70, 72–75 hopps, walter, and susan davidson. robert rauschenberg: a retrospective . new york: solomon r. guggenheim foundation, 1997. exhibition catalogue no. 46, p. 76 (pl. 46) galleria d’arte contemporanea, florence, scatole e costruzioni contemplative di bob rauschenberg , opened march 14, 1953 (early state) galleria dell’obelisco, rome, bob rauschenberg: scatole e feticci personali , march 3–10, 1953 (possibly shown [early state]) corcoran gallery of art, washington, d.c., robert rauschenberg: the early 1950s , june 15–august 11, 1991. organized by menil collection, houston. traveled to menil collection, houston, september 27, 1991–january 5, 1992; museum of contemporary art chicago, february 8–april 19, 1992; san francisco museum of modern art, may 14–august 16, 1992; guggenheim museum soho, new york, october 24, 1992–january 24, 1993 solomon r. guggenheim museum, new york, robert rauschenberg: a retrospective , september 19, 1997–january 7, 1998 (also guggenheim museum soho, new york, september 19, 1997–january 4, 1998, and ace gallery, new york, september 19–november 9, 1997). traveled to menil collection, contemporary arts museum houston, and museum of fine arts, houston, february 13–may 17, 1998; museum ludwig, cologne (as robert rauschenberg: retrospektive ), june 27–october 11, 1998; museo guggenheim bilbao (as robert rauschenberg: retrospectiva ), november 21, 1998–march 7, 1999 no. 46 menil collection, houston, kurt schwitters: color and collage , october 22, 2010–january 30, 2011. traveled to princeton university art museum, n.j., march 26–june 26, 2011; university of california, berkeley art museum and pacific film archive, august 3–november 27, 2011 (not in cat.)",{"fieldData":2268,"portalData":2280,"recordId":2281,"modId":2282,"bibliographyItems":2283,"exhibitionItems":2303,"searchText":2308},{"pk_ArtworkID":2269,"Unique Impression ID":2270,"Artist":9,"Title":2224,"Display Date":2110,"zc_YearFirst":1062,"Medium":2271,"Dimensions":2272,"zf_WebPublished":15,"Series":2227,"Reg Number Text":2270,"fk_ArtworkSeriesID":2228,"zc_htmlTitle":2229,"Credit Line":2273,"zc_htmlCreditLine":2274,"CR_Inscriptions":15,"zc_htmlCRInscriptions":15,"TItle_Alternative":15,"zc_htmlTitleAlternative":15,"Studio":15,"fk_StudioID":15,"CR_Classification":731,"Public Notes":15,"CR_Provenance":2275,"zc_SortRegNo":1445,"zc_SortRegNo2":21,"zc_htmlCRPublicNotes":15,"zc_htmlCRProvenance":2276,"zc_CR_examDate":15,"CR_followup":15,"zf_CR":22,"modificationTimestampAPI":2277,"cr_sequence_number":2278,"Search Year Start":1062,"Search Year Start Circa":22,"Search Year End":1062,"Search Year End Circa":22,"Year":2110,"CR Number":2279,"zf_CRpublished":22,"zf_nonextant":15},178,"52.002","Metal box with glass, mica, pearl, and thread","Approx. 1 × 1 × 2 in. (2.5 × 2.5 × 5.1 cm)","Present whereabouts unknown","\u003Cspan style=\"\" >Present whereabouts unknown\u003C\u002Fspan>","Cy Twombly\rPresent whereabouts unknown","\u003Cspan style=\"\" >Cy Twombly\u003Cbr\u002F>Present whereabouts unknown\u003C\u002Fspan>","10\u002F02\u002F2026 14:38:16",98,65,{},"81","467",[2284,2286,2288,2290,2292,2296,2301],{"pk":36,"citation":37,"mentions":2285,"year":39,"sort":40},"\u003Cspan style=\"\" >pp. 114, 139 (pl. 86), 141 (pl. 88)\u003C\u002Fspan>",{"pk":548,"citation":549,"mentions":2287,"year":39,"sort":551},"\u003Cspan style=\"\" >p. 84\u003C\u002Fspan>",{"pk":624,"citation":625,"mentions":2289,"year":113,"sort":627},"\u003Cspan style=\"\" >sec. 1, p. 33\u003C\u002Fspan>",{"pk":629,"citation":630,"mentions":2291,"year":113,"sort":632},"\u003Cspan style=\"\" >pp. 127 (ill.), 128\u003C\u002Fspan>",{"pk":2293,"citation":2294,"mentions":2295,"year":639,"sort":640},88,"\u003Cspan style=\"\" >Turrell, Julia Brown, ed. \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"font-style:italic;\" >Rauschenberg Sculpture\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"\" >. Fort Worth, Texas: Modern Art Museum of Fort Worth, 1995. Exhibition catalogue\u003C\u002Fspan>","\u003Cspan style=\"\" >no. 1, p. 1 (pl. 1) (not exhibited)\u003C\u002Fspan>",{"pk":2297,"citation":2298,"mentions":2299,"year":441,"sort":2300},558,"\u003Cspan style=\"\" >Cullinan, Nicholas. “Double Exposure: Robert Rauschenberg’s and Cy Twombly’s Roman Holiday.” \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"font-style:italic;\" >Burlington Magazine\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"\" > 150, no. 1264 (July 2008)\u003C\u002Fspan>","\u003Cspan style=\"\" >p. 468 (fig. 36)\u003C\u002Fspan>",20080700,{"pk":454,"citation":455,"mentions":2302,"year":187,"sort":188},"\u003Cspan style=\"\" >p. 81 (pl. 44) (not exhibited)\u003C\u002Fspan>",[2304,2306,2307],{"citation":2256,"catalogue":2305,"year":1062},"(likely shown)",{"citation":2259,"catalogue":2305,"year":1062},{"citation":501,"catalogue":15,"year":119},"65 untitled ( scatole e feticci personali ) ca. 1953 metal box with glass, mica, pearl, and thread approx. 1 × 1 × 2 in. (2.5 × 2.5 × 5.1 cm) present whereabouts unknown 52.002 cy twombly present whereabouts unknown scatole e feticci personali 1953 1953 hopps, walter. robert rauschenberg: the early 1950s . houston: menil collection; houston fine art press, 1991. exhibition catalogue pp. 114, 139 (pl. 86), 141 (pl. 88) ennis, michael. “a protean talent.” texas monthly 19, no. 11 (november 1991) p. 84 camper, fred. “the unordered universe.” reader (chicago), march 27, 1992 sec. 1, p. 33 colpitt, frances. “rauschenberg: in the beginning.” art in america 80, no. 4 (april 1992) pp. 127 (ill.), 128 turrell, julia brown, ed. rauschenberg sculpture . fort worth, texas: modern art museum of fort worth, 1995. exhibition catalogue no. 1, p. 1 (pl. 1) (not exhibited) cullinan, nicholas. “double exposure: robert rauschenberg’s and cy twombly’s roman holiday.” burlington magazine 150, no. 1264 (july 2008) p. 468 (fig. 36) dickerman, leah, and achim borchardt-hume. robert rauschenberg . new york: museum of modern art; london: tate publishing, 2016. exhibition catalogue p. 81 (pl. 44) (not exhibited) galleria d’arte contemporanea, florence, scatole e costruzioni contemplative di bob rauschenberg , opened march 14, 1953 (likely shown) galleria dell’obelisco, rome, bob rauschenberg: scatole e feticci personali , march 3–10, 1953 (likely shown) corcoran gallery of art, washington, d.c., robert rauschenberg: the early 1950s , june 15–august 11, 1991. organized by menil collection, houston. traveled to menil collection, houston, september 27, 1991–january 5, 1992; museum of contemporary art chicago, february 8–april 19, 1992; san francisco museum of modern art, may 14–august 16, 1992; guggenheim museum soho, new york, october 24, 1992–january 24, 1993",{"fieldData":2310,"portalData":2321,"recordId":2322,"modId":2323,"bibliographyItems":2324,"exhibitionItems":2329,"searchText":2333},{"pk_ArtworkID":2311,"Unique Impression ID":2312,"Artist":9,"Title":2224,"Display Date":2110,"zc_YearFirst":1062,"Medium":2313,"Dimensions":2314,"zf_WebPublished":15,"Series":2227,"Reg Number Text":2312,"fk_ArtworkSeriesID":2228,"zc_htmlTitle":2229,"Credit Line":2315,"zc_htmlCreditLine":2316,"CR_Inscriptions":15,"zc_htmlCRInscriptions":15,"TItle_Alternative":15,"zc_htmlTitleAlternative":15,"Studio":15,"fk_StudioID":15,"CR_Classification":731,"Public Notes":15,"CR_Provenance":2317,"zc_SortRegNo":1445,"zc_SortRegNo2":21,"zc_htmlCRPublicNotes":15,"zc_htmlCRProvenance":2318,"zc_CR_examDate":2319,"CR_followup":15,"zf_CR":22,"modificationTimestampAPI":2320,"cr_sequence_number":116,"Search Year Start":1062,"Search Year Start Circa":22,"Search Year End":1062,"Search Year End Circa":22,"Year":2110,"CR Number":1445,"zf_CRpublished":22,"zf_nonextant":15},179,"52.003","Metal box with liner, fabric, printed paper, mica, and watch parts","Box (closed): 7\u002F8 × 1 1\u002F2 × 3 1\u002F2 in. (2.3 × 3.9 × 8.8 cm)","Collection of Alessandro Twombly","\u003Cspan style=\"\" >Collection of Alessandro Twombly\u003C\u002Fspan>","Cy Twombly\rCy Twombly and Luisa Franchetti Twombly, 1959\rAlessandro Twombly, by descent, 2011","\u003Cspan style=\"\" >Cy Twombly\u003Cbr\u002F>Cy Twombly and Luisa Franchetti Twombly, 1959\u003Cbr\u002F>Alessandro Twombly, by descent, 2011\u003C\u002Fspan>","03\u002F16\u002F2023","10\u002F02\u002F2026 14:39:00",{},"82","460",[2325,2327,2328],{"pk":36,"citation":37,"mentions":2326,"year":39,"sort":40},"\u003Cspan style=\"\" >pp. 114, 139 (pl. 86), 141 (pl. 89)\u003C\u002Fspan>",{"pk":629,"citation":630,"mentions":2291,"year":113,"sort":632},{"pk":2297,"citation":2298,"mentions":2299,"year":441,"sort":2300},[2330,2331,2332],{"citation":2256,"catalogue":2305,"year":1062},{"citation":2259,"catalogue":2305,"year":1062},{"citation":501,"catalogue":15,"year":119},"52 untitled ( scatole e feticci personali ) ca. 1953 metal box with liner, fabric, printed paper, mica, and watch parts box (closed): 7\u002F8 × 1 1\u002F2 × 3 1\u002F2 in. (2.3 × 3.9 × 8.8 cm) collection of alessandro twombly 52.003 cy twombly cy twombly and luisa franchetti twombly, 1959 alessandro twombly, by descent, 2011 scatole e feticci personali 1953 1953 hopps, walter. robert rauschenberg: the early 1950s . houston: menil collection; houston fine art press, 1991. exhibition catalogue pp. 114, 139 (pl. 86), 141 (pl. 89) colpitt, frances. “rauschenberg: in the beginning.” art in america 80, no. 4 (april 1992) pp. 127 (ill.), 128 cullinan, nicholas. “double exposure: robert rauschenberg’s and cy twombly’s roman holiday.” burlington magazine 150, no. 1264 (july 2008) p. 468 (fig. 36) galleria d’arte contemporanea, florence, scatole e costruzioni contemplative di bob rauschenberg , opened march 14, 1953 (likely shown) galleria dell’obelisco, rome, bob rauschenberg: scatole e feticci personali , march 3–10, 1953 (likely shown) corcoran gallery of art, washington, d.c., robert rauschenberg: the early 1950s , june 15–august 11, 1991. organized by menil collection, houston. traveled to menil collection, houston, september 27, 1991–january 5, 1992; museum of contemporary art chicago, february 8–april 19, 1992; san francisco museum of modern art, may 14–august 16, 1992; guggenheim museum soho, new york, october 24, 1992–january 24, 1993",{"fieldData":2335,"portalData":2349,"recordId":2350,"modId":2351,"bibliographyItems":2352,"exhibitionItems":2435,"searchText":2455},{"pk_ArtworkID":2336,"Unique Impression ID":2337,"Artist":9,"Title":1957,"Display Date":2338,"zc_YearFirst":1836,"Medium":2339,"Dimensions":2340,"zf_WebPublished":22,"Series":1961,"Reg Number Text":2337,"fk_ArtworkSeriesID":1962,"zc_htmlTitle":1963,"Credit Line":2341,"zc_htmlCreditLine":2342,"CR_Inscriptions":15,"zc_htmlCRInscriptions":15,"TItle_Alternative":197,"zc_htmlTitleAlternative":2343,"Studio":1046,"fk_StudioID":1047,"CR_Classification":19,"Public Notes":15,"CR_Provenance":2344,"zc_SortRegNo":1445,"zc_SortRegNo2":21,"zc_htmlCRPublicNotes":15,"zc_htmlCRProvenance":2345,"zc_CR_examDate":2346,"CR_followup":15,"zf_CR":22,"modificationTimestampAPI":2347,"cr_sequence_number":2279,"Search Year Start":1836,"Search Year Start Circa":15,"Search Year End":1836,"Search Year End Circa":15,"Year":2338,"CR Number":2348,"zf_CRpublished":22,"zf_nonextant":15},180,"52.004","1952","Oil, bitumen, and newspaper on canvas, two panels","74 × 28 1\u002F2 in. (188 × 72.4 cm)","The Museum of Modern Art, New York, Purchase (123.1999)","\u003Cspan style=\"\" >The Museum of Modern Art, New York, Purchase (123.1999)\u003C\u002Fspan>","\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: 'Lucida Grande';font-weight: normal;font-style:italic;\" >Untitled\u003C\u002Fspan>","Cy Twombly\rRobert Rauschenberg, by exchange, ca. 1972\rThe Museum of Modern Art, New York, purchase, 1999 (via PaceWildenstein, New York)","\u003Cspan style=\"\" >Cy Twombly\u003Cbr\u002F>Robert Rauschenberg, by exchange, ca. 1972\u003Cbr\u002F>The Museum of Modern Art, New York, purchase, 1999 (via PaceWildenstein, New York)\u003C\u002Fspan>","2\u002F25\u002F2025","09\u002F29\u002F2026 12:33:47",42,{},"83","553",[2353,2355,2357,2359,2363,2365,2367,2369,2371,2375,2377,2379,2381,2383,2385,2387,2389,2390,2392,2394,2396,2401,2403,2405,2407,2409,2411,2415,2417,2419,2421,2423,2425,2429,2431,2433],{"pk":70,"citation":71,"mentions":2354,"year":73,"sort":74},"\u003Cspan style=\"\" >no. 9, p. 68 (ill.)\u003C\u002Fspan>",{"pk":20,"citation":82,"mentions":2356,"year":33,"sort":34},"\u003Cspan style=\"\" >no. 2, p. 260, 260 (ill.)\u003C\u002Fspan>",{"pk":1473,"citation":1474,"mentions":2358,"year":33,"sort":1476},"\u003Cspan style=\"\" >no. 2, pp. 4 (ill.), 43\u003C\u002Fspan>",{"pk":2360,"citation":2361,"mentions":2362,"year":344,"sort":345},904,"\u003Cspan style=\"\" >Weitemeier, Hannah, ed. \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"font-style:italic;\" >Schwarz\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"\" >. Berlin: Frölich & Kaufmann; Düsseldorf: Städtischen Kunsthalle Düsseldorf, 1981. Exhibition catalogue\u003C\u002Fspan>","\u003Cspan style=\"\" >p. 104 (ill.)\u003C\u002Fspan>",{"pk":341,"citation":342,"mentions":2364,"year":344,"sort":345},"\u003Cspan style=\"\" >no. 6, n.p.\u003C\u002Fspan>",{"pk":355,"citation":356,"mentions":2366,"year":99,"sort":358},"\u003Cspan style=\"\" >n.p. (pl. 5)\u003C\u002Fspan>",{"pk":96,"citation":97,"mentions":2368,"year":99,"sort":100},"\u003Cspan style=\"\" >p. 35, 35 (ill.)\u003C\u002Fspan>",{"pk":1239,"citation":1240,"mentions":2370,"year":791,"sort":792},"\u003Cspan style=\"\" >p. 187 (ill.)\u003C\u002Fspan>",{"pk":2372,"citation":2373,"mentions":2374,"year":1246,"sort":1247},1039,"\u003Cspan style=\"font-style:italic;\" >Wittgenstein: Het spel van het naamloze\u002FThe Play of the Unsayable. \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"\" >2 vols. Brussels: Paleis voor Schone Kunsten, 1989. Exhibition catalogue\u003C\u002Fspan>","\u003Cspan style=\"\" >vol. 2, p. 187 (ill.)\u003C\u002Fspan>",{"pk":102,"citation":103,"mentions":2376,"year":105,"sort":106},"\u003Cspan style=\"\" >pp. 108–9, n.p. (fig. 26)\u003C\u002Fspan>",{"pk":36,"citation":37,"mentions":2378,"year":39,"sort":40},"\u003Cspan style=\"\" >pp. 63, 67–69, 92, 93 (pl. 40), 111, as \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"font-style:italic;\" >Untitled\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"\" > [matte black painting with \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"font-style:italic;\" >Asheville Citizen\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"\" >]\u003C\u002Fspan>",{"pk":2246,"citation":2247,"mentions":2380,"year":39,"sort":2249},"\u003Cspan style=\"\" >“Zest” sec., p. 22, as \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"font-style:italic;\" >Asheville Citizen\u003C\u002Fspan>",{"pk":548,"citation":549,"mentions":2382,"year":39,"sort":551},"\u003Cspan style=\"\" >p. 84, as \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"font-style:italic;\" >Untitled \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"\" >[matte black painting with the \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"font-style:italic;\" >Asheville Citizen\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"\" >]\u003C\u002Fspan>",{"pk":110,"citation":111,"mentions":2384,"year":113,"sort":114},"\u003Cspan style=\"\" >pp. 95–96\u003C\u002Fspan>",{"pk":624,"citation":625,"mentions":2386,"year":113,"sort":627},"\u003Cspan style=\"\" >sec. 1, p. 32\u003C\u002Fspan>",{"pk":629,"citation":630,"mentions":2388,"year":113,"sort":632},"\u003Cspan style=\"\" >pp. 126 (ill.), 128, as \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"font-style:italic;\" >Untitled\u003C\u002Fspan>",{"pk":872,"citation":873,"mentions":15,"year":113,"sort":874},{"pk":368,"citation":369,"mentions":2391,"year":119,"sort":120},"\u003Cspan style=\"\" >no. 7, p. 56 (pl. 7), as \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"font-style:italic;\" >Untitled\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"\" > [matte black painting with \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"font-style:italic;\" >Asheville Citizen\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"\" >]\u003C\u002Fspan>",{"pk":122,"citation":123,"mentions":2393,"year":119,"sort":120},"\u003Cspan style=\"\" >p. 206, as \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"font-style:italic;\" >Untitled (Asheville Citizen)\u003C\u002Fspan>",{"pk":1988,"citation":1989,"mentions":2395,"year":119,"sort":120},"\u003Cspan style=\"\" >pp. 21 (ill.), 22, as \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"font-style:italic;\" >Untitled \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"\" >[matte black painting with \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"font-style:italic;\" >Asheville Citizen\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"\" >] (not exhibited)\u003C\u002Fspan>",{"pk":2397,"citation":2398,"mentions":2399,"year":119,"sort":2400},4023,"\u003Cspan style=\"\" >Molesworth, Helen. “Before Bed.” \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"font-style:italic;\" >October\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"\" >, no. 63 (Winter 1993)\u003C\u002Fspan>","\u003Cspan style=\"\" >p. 70, as \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"font-style:italic;\" >Untitled (Black Painting with Asheville Citizen)\u003C\u002Fspan>",19931200,{"pk":374,"citation":375,"mentions":2402,"year":377,"sort":378},"\u003Cspan style=\"\" >no. 20, pp. 33, 44, 63 (pl. 20), as \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"font-style:italic;\" >Untitled\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"\" > [matte black painting with \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"font-style:italic;\" >Asheville Citizen\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"\" >]\u003C\u002Fspan>",{"pk":398,"citation":399,"mentions":2404,"year":401,"sort":402},"\u003Cspan style=\"\" >p. 156, as \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"font-style:italic;\" >Untitled (matte black painting with Ashville\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"\" > \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"font-style:italic;\" >Citizen)\u003C\u002Fspan>",{"pk":126,"citation":127,"mentions":2406,"year":129,"sort":130},"\u003Cspan style=\"\" >p. 16 (no. 9), as \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"font-style:italic;\" >Untitled\u003C\u002Fspan>",{"pk":412,"citation":413,"mentions":2408,"year":415,"sort":416},"\u003Cspan style=\"\" >pp. 76, 77 (ill.), as \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"font-style:italic;\" >Untitled \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"\" >[matte black painting with \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"font-style:italic;\" >Asheville Citizen\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"\" >]\u003C\u002Fspan>",{"pk":132,"citation":133,"mentions":2410,"year":135,"sort":136},"\u003Cspan style=\"\" >p. 142, as \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"font-style:italic;\" >Untitled\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"\" > [matte black painting with \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"font-style:italic;\" >Asheville Citizen\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"\" >]\u003C\u002Fspan>",{"pk":2412,"citation":2413,"mentions":2414,"year":1150,"sort":1151},1335,"\u003Cspan style=\"\" >Elderfield, John. \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"font-style:italic;\" >Das MoMA in Berlin: Meisterwerke aus dem Museum of Modern Art, New York\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"\" >. Ostfildern-Ruit, Germany: Hatje Cantz, 2004. Exhibition catalogue\u003C\u002Fspan>","\u003Cspan style=\"\" >pp. 200 (ill.), 328, as \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"font-style:italic;\" >Untitled (Asheville Citizen)\u003C\u002Fspan>",{"pk":1147,"citation":1148,"mentions":2416,"year":1150,"sort":1151},"\u003Cspan style=\"\" >pp. 55–56, 57 (fig. 25), as \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"font-style:italic;\" >Untitled \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"\" >[matte black painting with \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"font-style:italic;\" >Asheville Citizen\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"\" >] (not exhibited)\u003C\u002Fspan>",{"pk":1787,"citation":1788,"mentions":2418,"year":431,"sort":432},"\u003Cspan style=\"\" >no. 8, pp. 27, 121 (pl. 8), as \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"font-style:italic;\" >Untitled (Asheville Citizen)\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"\" > (not exhibited)\u003C\u002Fspan>",{"pk":428,"citation":429,"mentions":2420,"year":431,"sort":432},"\u003Cspan style=\"\" >p. 23 (ill.), as \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"font-style:italic;\" >Untitled\u003C\u002Fspan>",{"pk":1514,"citation":1515,"mentions":2422,"year":676,"sort":677},"\u003Cspan style=\"\" >pp. 3, 4 (ill.), 5–9, as \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"font-style:italic;\" >Untitled (Asheville Citizen)\u003C\u002Fspan>",{"pk":2070,"citation":2071,"mentions":2424,"year":141,"sort":2073},"\u003Cspan style=\"\" >pp. 182 (pl. 10), 183, as \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"font-style:italic;\" >Untitled \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"\" >[Matte Black Painting with ‘\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"font-style:italic;\" >Asheville Citizen\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"\" >’]\u003C\u002Fspan>",{"pk":2426,"citation":2427,"mentions":2428,"year":1176,"sort":1388},1701,"\u003Cspan style=\"\" >Brodie, Judith. \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"font-style:italic;\" >Shock of the News. \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"\" >Washington, D.C.: National Gallery of Art; Farnham, Surrey, U.K.: Lund Humphries, 2012. Exhibition catalogue\u003C\u002Fspan>","\u003Cspan style=\"\" >pp. 24, 28 (pl. 16), 30, 99, 108, 120, as\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"font-style:italic;\" > Asheville Citizen\u003C\u002Fspan>",{"pk":2002,"citation":2003,"mentions":2430,"year":1176,"sort":1388},"\u003Cspan style=\"\" >p. 229, as \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"font-style:italic;\" >Untitled\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"\" > (not exhibited)\u003C\u002Fspan>",{"pk":454,"citation":455,"mentions":2432,"year":187,"sort":188},"\u003Cspan style=\"\" >pp. 35, 52 (pl. 15), as \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"font-style:italic;\" >Untitled (Black Painting with Asheville Citizen)\u003C\u002Fspan>",{"pk":465,"citation":466,"mentions":2434,"year":468,"sort":469},"\u003Cspan style=\"\" >p. 97 (fig. 17), as \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"font-style:italic;\" >Untitled \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"\" >[\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"font-style:italic;\" >Asheville Citizen\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"\" >]\u003C\u002Fspan>",[2436,2437,2438,2440,2441,2442,2443,2445,2446,2447,2448,2450,2452,2454],{"citation":493,"catalogue":1940,"year":79},{"citation":496,"catalogue":1189,"year":344},{"citation":2439,"catalogue":15,"year":344},"\u003Cspan style=\"\" >Städtischen Kunsthalle Düsseldorf, \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"font-style:italic;\" >Schwarz\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"\" >, October 16–November 29, 1981\u003C\u002Fspan>",{"citation":499,"catalogue":15,"year":99},{"citation":1292,"catalogue":15,"year":791},{"citation":1294,"catalogue":1313,"year":1246},{"citation":2444,"catalogue":15,"year":105},"\u003Cspan style=\"\" >Wiener Secession, Vienna, \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"font-style:italic;\" >Wittgenstein: Das Spiel des Unsagbaren \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"\" >(\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"font-style:italic;\" >Wittgenstein: The Play of the Unsayable\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"\" >), September 13–October 29, 1989. Traveled to Palais des Beaux-Arts, Brussels (as \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"font-style:italic;\" >Wittgenstein: Het Spel van het Naamloze\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"\" >), December 17, 1989–January 28, 1990\u003C\u002Fspan>",{"citation":501,"catalogue":15,"year":119},{"citation":2015,"catalogue":478,"year":1421},{"citation":1419,"catalogue":707,"year":1421},{"citation":504,"catalogue":2449,"year":129},"no. 20",{"citation":2451,"catalogue":15,"year":1150},"\u003Cspan style=\"\" >Neue Nationalgalerie, Berlin, \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"font-style:italic;\" >Das MoMA in Berlin: Meisterwerke aus dem Museum of Modern Art, New York\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"\" >, February 20–September 19, 2004. Organized with Berliner Festspiele, Berlin, and Museum of Modern Art, New York\u003C\u002Fspan>",{"citation":2453,"catalogue":15,"year":146},"\u003Cspan style=\"\" >National Gallery of Art, Washington, D.C., \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"font-style:italic;\" >Shock of the News\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"\" >, September 23, 2012–January 27, 2013\u003C\u002Fspan>",{"citation":507,"catalogue":715,"year":152},"42 black painting 1952 oil, bitumen, and newspaper on canvas, two panels 74 × 28 1\u002F2 in. (188 × 72.4 cm) the museum of modern art, new york, purchase (123.1999) 52.004 untitled cy twombly robert rauschenberg, by exchange, ca. 1972 the museum of modern art, new york, purchase, 1999 (via pacewildenstein, new york) black paintings 1952 1952 robert rauschenberg . washington, d.c.: national collection of fine arts, smithsonian institution, 1976. exhibition catalogue no. 9, p. 68 (ill.) robert rauschenberg: werke 1950–1980 . berlin: staatliche kunsthalle berlin, 1980. exhibition catalogue no. 2, p. 260, 260 (ill.) “robert rauschenberg.” special issue, louisiana revy (humlebæk, denmark) 21, no. 1 (september 1980) no. 2, pp. 4 (ill.), 43 weitemeier, hannah, ed. schwarz . berlin: frölich & kaufmann; düsseldorf: städtischen kunsthalle düsseldorf, 1981. exhibition catalogue p. 104 (ill.) robert rauschenberg . london: tate gallery, 1981. exhibition brochure no. 6, n.p. rauschenberg: the white and black paintings 1949–1952 . new york: larry gagosian gallery, 1986. exhibition catalogue n.p. (pl. 5) feinstein, roni. “the early work of robert rauschenberg: the white paintings, the black paintings, and the elemental sculptures.” arts magazine (new york) 61, no. 1 (september 1986) p. 35, 35 (ill.) harris, mary emma. the arts at black mountain college. cambridge, mass.: mit press, 1987 p. 187 (ill.) wittgenstein: het spel van het naamloze\u002Fthe play of the unsayable. 2 vols. brussels: paleis voor schone kunsten, 1989. exhibition catalogue vol. 2, p. 187 (ill.) feinstein, roni. “random order: the first fifteen years of robert rauschenberg’s art, 1949–1964.” phd diss., new york university, 1990. proquest (303859753) pp. 108–9, n.p. (fig. 26) hopps, walter. robert rauschenberg: the early 1950s . houston: menil collection; houston fine art press, 1991. exhibition catalogue pp. 63, 67–69, 92, 93 (pl. 40), 111, as untitled [matte black painting with asheville citizen ] johnson, patricia c. “’50s unveiled: rauschenberg shows work new to public.” houston chronicle , september 29, 1991 “zest” sec., p. 22, as asheville citizen ennis, michael. “a protean talent.” texas monthly 19, no. 11 (november 1991) p. 84, as untitled [matte black painting with the asheville citizen ] smith, mark l. “image and word in the prints of robert rauschenberg, 1951–1981.” phd diss., university of texas at austin, 1992. proquest (304034847) pp. 95–96 camper, fred. “the unordered universe.” reader (chicago), march 27, 1992 sec. 1, p. 32 colpitt, frances. “rauschenberg: in the beginning.” art in america 80, no. 4 (april 1992) pp. 126 (ill.), 128, as untitled wiegenstein, roland h. “ein porträt des künstlers als junger mann.” frankfurter rundschau (frankfurt, germany), july 18, 1992 robert rauschenberg: the 2nd hiroshima art prize . hiroshima: hiroshima city museum of contemporary art, 1993. exhibition catalogue no. 7, p. 56 (pl. 7), as untitled [matte black painting with asheville citizen ] wainwright, lisa. “reading junk: thematic imagery in the art of robert rauschenberg from 1952 to 1964.” phd diss., university of illinois, urbana-champaign, 1993. proquest (304050074) p. 206, as untitled (asheville citizen) celant, germano, ed. roma–new york, 1948–1964: an art exploration. milan: charta, 1993. exhibition catalogue pp. 21 (ill.), 22, as untitled [matte black painting with asheville citizen ] (not exhibited) molesworth, helen. “before bed.” october , no. 63 (winter 1993) p. 70, as untitled (black painting with asheville citizen) hopps, walter, and susan davidson. robert rauschenberg: a retrospective . new york: solomon r. guggenheim foundation, 1997. exhibition catalogue no. 20, pp. 33, 44, 63 (pl. 20), as untitled [matte black painting with asheville citizen ] doran, anne, and walter hopps. “robert rauschenberg: here comes everybody.” atlántica: revista de las artes (las palmas, spain), no. 21 (1998) p. 156, as untitled (matte black painting with ashville citizen) hunter, sam. robert rauschenberg . new york: rizzoli, 1999 p. 16 (no. 9), as untitled joseph, branden w., ed.  robert rauschenberg .   cambridge, mass.: mit press, 2002 pp. 76, 77 (ill.), as untitled [matte black painting with asheville citizen ] joseph, branden w. random order: robert rauschenberg and the neo-avant-garde . cambridge, mass.: mit press, 2003 p. 142, as untitled [matte black painting with asheville citizen ] elderfield, john. das moma in berlin: meisterwerke aus dem museum of modern art, new york . ostfildern-ruit, germany: hatje cantz, 2004. exhibition catalogue pp. 200 (ill.), 328, as untitled (asheville citizen) davidson, susan, and david white. rauschenberg . ferrara, italy: ferrara arte, 2004. exhibition catalogue pp. 55–56, 57 (fig. 25), as untitled [matte black painting with asheville citizen ] (not exhibited) rosenthal, stephanie. black paintings . translated by büro sieveking. munich: haus der kunst; ostfildern, germany: hatje cantz, 2006. exhibition catalogue no. 8, pp. 27, 121 (pl. 8), as untitled (asheville citizen) (not exhibited) hunter, sam. robert rauschenberg: works, writings and interviews . barcelona: polígrafa, 2006 p. 23 (ill.), as untitled lanchner, carolyn. robert rauschenberg . new york: museum of modern art, 2009 pp. 3, 4 (ill.), 5–9, as untitled (asheville citizen) boaden, james. “black painting (with asheville citizen).” art history 34, no. 1 (february 2011) pp. 182 (pl. 10), 183, as untitled [matte black painting with ‘ asheville citizen ’] brodie, judith. shock of the news. washington, d.c.: national gallery of art; farnham, surrey, u.k.: lund humphries, 2012. exhibition catalogue pp. 24, 28 (pl. 16), 30, 99, 108, 120, as asheville citizen schimmel, paul, ed. destroy the picture: painting the void, 1949–1962 . los angeles: museum of contemporary art, 2012. exhibition catalogue p. 229, as untitled (not exhibited) dickerman, leah, and achim borchardt-hume. robert rauschenberg . new york: museum of modern art; london: tate publishing, 2016. exhibition catalogue pp. 35, 52 (pl. 15), as untitled (black painting with asheville citizen) stemmrich, gregor. robert rauschenberg’s “erased de kooning drawing” (1953): modernism, literalism, postmodernism . translated by steven lindberg. berlin: hatje cantz, 2023 p. 97 (fig. 17), as untitled [ asheville citizen ] national collection of fine arts, smithsonian institution, washington, d.c., robert rauschenberg , october 30, 1976–january 2, 1977. traveled to museum of modern art, new york, march 25–may 17, 1977; san francisco museum of modern art, june 24–august 21, 1977; albright-knox art gallery, buffalo, n.y., september 25–october 30, 1977; art institute of chicago, december 3, 1977–january 15, 1978 no. 9 staatliche kunsthalle berlin, robert rauschenberg: werke 1950–1980 , march 25–may 4, 1980. traveled to städtische kunsthalle düsseldorf and kunstverein für die rheinlande und westfalen, düsseldorf (as robert rauschenberg ), june 7–july 13, 1980; louisiana museum of modern art, humlebæk, denmark (as robert rauschenberg ), september 20–november 23, 1980; städelsches kunstinstitut und städtische galerie, frankfurt, december 4, 1980–january 18, 1981; städtische galerie im lenbachhaus, munich, february 4–april 5, 1981; tate gallery, london (as robert rauschenberg ), april 29–june 14, 1981 no. 2 städtischen kunsthalle düsseldorf, schwarz , october 16–november 29, 1981 larry gagosian gallery, new york, rauschenberg: the white and black paintings 1949–1952 , april 18–may 31, 1986 edith c. blum art institute, bard college, annandale-on-hudson, n.y., the arts at black mountain college, 1933–1957 , april 11–july 5, 1987. traveled to north carolina museum of art, raleigh, july 25–october 4, 1987; grey art gallery, new york university, october 25–december 19, 1987 central house of artists, moscow, roci: rauschenberg overseas culture interchange , february 2–march 5, 1989 (not in brochure) wiener secession, vienna, wittgenstein: das spiel des unsagbaren ( wittgenstein: the play of the unsayable ), september 13–october 29, 1989. traveled to palais des beaux-arts, brussels (as wittgenstein: het spel van het naamloze ), december 17, 1989–january 28, 1990 corcoran gallery of art, washington, d.c., robert rauschenberg: the early 1950s , june 15–august 11, 1991. organized by menil collection, houston. traveled to menil collection, houston, september 27, 1991–january 5, 1992; museum of contemporary art chicago, february 8–april 19, 1992; san francisco museum of modern art, may 14–august 16, 1992; guggenheim museum soho, new york, october 24, 1992–january 24, 1993 guggenheim museum soho, new york, singular dimensions in painting , may 26, 1993–january 4, 1994 (withdrawn early) hiroshima city museum of contemporary art, the 2nd hiroshima art prize: robert rauschenberg , november 3, 1993–january 16, 1994 no. 7 solomon r. guggenheim museum, new york, robert rauschenberg: a retrospective , september 19, 1997–january 7, 1998 (also guggenheim museum soho, new york, september 19, 1997–january 4, 1998, and ace gallery, new york, september 19–november 9, 1997). traveled to menil collection, contemporary arts museum houston, and museum of fine arts, houston, february 13–may 17, 1998; museum ludwig, cologne (as robert rauschenberg: retrospektive ), june 27–october 11, 1998; museo guggenheim bilbao (as robert rauschenberg: retrospectiva ), november 21, 1998–march 7, 1999 no. 20 neue nationalgalerie, berlin, das moma in berlin: meisterwerke aus dem museum of modern art, new york , february 20–september 19, 2004. organized with berliner festspiele, berlin, and museum of modern art, new york national gallery of art, washington, d.c., shock of the news , september 23, 2012–january 27, 2013 tate modern, london, robert rauschenberg , december 1, 2016–april 2, 2017. organized with museum of modern art, new york. traveled to museum of modern art, new york (as robert rauschenberg: among friends ), may 21–september 17, 2017; san francisco museum of modern art (as robert rauschenberg: erasing the rules ), november 18, 2017–march 25, 2018 (not shown in london)",{"fieldData":2457,"portalData":2470,"recordId":2471,"modId":2472,"bibliographyItems":2473,"exhibitionItems":2508,"searchText":2524},{"pk_ArtworkID":2458,"Unique Impression ID":2459,"Artist":9,"Title":1957,"Display Date":2460,"zc_YearFirst":1836,"Medium":2461,"Dimensions":2462,"zf_WebPublished":15,"Series":1961,"Reg Number Text":2459,"fk_ArtworkSeriesID":1962,"zc_htmlTitle":1963,"Credit Line":1727,"zc_htmlCreditLine":1728,"CR_Inscriptions":2463,"zc_htmlCRInscriptions":2464,"TItle_Alternative":197,"zc_htmlTitleAlternative":201,"Studio":15,"fk_StudioID":15,"CR_Classification":19,"Public Notes":15,"CR_Provenance":2465,"zc_SortRegNo":1445,"zc_SortRegNo2":21,"zc_htmlCRPublicNotes":15,"zc_htmlCRProvenance":2466,"zc_CR_examDate":15,"CR_followup":15,"zf_CR":22,"modificationTimestampAPI":2467,"cr_sequence_number":2468,"Search Year Start":1836,"Search Year Start Circa":22,"Search Year End":1062,"Search Year End Circa":22,"Year":2460,"CR Number":2469,"zf_CRpublished":22,"zf_nonextant":15},181,"52.005","ca. 1952–53","Oil and newspaper on canvas","80 × 58 3\u002F8 in. (203.1 × 148.3 cm)","Work not examined.","\u003Cspan style=\"\" >Work not examined.\u003C\u002Fspan>","Jack Tworkov, New York, ca. 1953\rHelen Tworkov, New York, gift, 1969\rPeter M. Brant, New York\rMayor Gallery, London, purchase, September 6, 1973\rThomas Ammann Fine Art, Zurich, purchase, April 8, 1981\rErich Marx, Berlin, purchase, by 1982\r[Städtisches Museum Abteiberg, Mönchengladbach, long-term loan, 1982–96]\r[Hamburger Bahnhof–Museum für Gegenwart-Berlin, long-term loan, 1996–2015]\rEstate of Erich Marx, 2020\rPrivate collection, purchase","\u003Cspan style=\"\" >Jack Tworkov, New York, ca. 1953\u003Cbr\u002F>Helen Tworkov, New York, gift, 1969\u003Cbr\u002F>Peter M. Brant, New York\u003Cbr\u002F>Mayor Gallery, London, purchase, September 6, 1973\u003Cbr\u002F>Thomas Ammann Fine Art, Zurich, purchase, April 8, 1981\u003Cbr\u002F>Erich Marx, Berlin, purchase, by 1982\u003Cbr\u002F>[Städtisches Museum Abteiberg, Mönchengladbach, long-term loan, 1982–96]\u003Cbr\u002F>[Hamburger Bahnhof–Museum für Gegenwart-Berlin, long-term loan, 1996–2015]\u003Cbr\u002F>Estate of Erich Marx, 2020\u003Cbr\u002F>Private collection, purchase\u003C\u002Fspan>","08\u002F04\u002F2026 12:09:31",69,44,{},"84","528",[2474,2476,2481,2483,2487,2489,2491,2493,2497,2499,2504],{"pk":70,"citation":71,"mentions":2475,"year":73,"sort":74},"\u003Cspan style=\"\" >no. 10, pp. 4 (ill. [upside down]), 68, 68 (ill. [upside down])\u003C\u002Fspan>",{"pk":2477,"citation":2478,"mentions":2479,"year":844,"sort":2480},4767,"\u003Cspan style=\"\" >Rosenberg, Harold. “The Art World: Souvenirs of an Avant-Garde.” \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"font-style:italic;\" >New Yorker\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"\" > 53, no. 13 (May 16, 1977)\u003C\u002Fspan>","\u003Cspan style=\"\" >p. 125\u003C\u002Fspan>",19770516,{"pk":341,"citation":342,"mentions":2482,"year":344,"sort":345},"\u003Cspan style=\"\" >no. 5, n.p. (ill. [upside down])\u003C\u002Fspan>",{"pk":2484,"citation":2485,"mentions":2486,"year":856,"sort":857},352,"\u003Cspan style=\"\" >Bastian, Heiner, ed. \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"font-style:italic;\" >Beuys, Rauschenberg, Twombly, Warhol: Sammlung Marx\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"\" >. Munich: Prestel, 1982. Exhibition catalogue\u003C\u002Fspan>","\u003Cspan style=\"\" >no. 52, pp. 102, 103 (ill. [upside down])\u003C\u002Fspan>",{"pk":102,"citation":103,"mentions":2488,"year":105,"sort":106},"\u003Cspan style=\"\" >pp. 107–8, n.p. (fig. 25 [upside down])\u003C\u002Fspan>",{"pk":36,"citation":37,"mentions":2490,"year":39,"sort":40},"\u003Cspan style=\"\" >pp. 63, 68, 94, 95 (pl. 42 [upside down]), as \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"font-style:italic;\" >Untitled\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"\" > [matte black with painted newspaper]\u003C\u002Fspan>",{"pk":122,"citation":123,"mentions":2492,"year":119,"sort":120},"\u003Cspan style=\"\" >pp. xiv, 125\u003C\u002Fspan>",{"pk":2494,"citation":2495,"mentions":2496,"year":644,"sort":1616},351,"\u003Cspan style=\"\" >Scholz, Dieter. “Robert Rauschenberg.” In \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"font-style:italic;\" >Sammlung Marx\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"\" >, edited by Heiner Bastian, vol. 1, pp. 71–79. Munich: Schirmer\u002FMosel, 1996\u003C\u002Fspan>","\u003Cspan style=\"\" >pp. 71–72, 76, 77 (pl. 15), as \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"font-style:italic;\" >Untitled\u003C\u002Fspan>",{"pk":1787,"citation":1788,"mentions":2498,"year":431,"sort":432},"\u003Cspan style=\"\" >no. 11, p. 125 (pl. 11 [upside down]), as \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"font-style:italic;\" >Untitled (matte black with painted newspaper)\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"\" > (not exhibited)\u003C\u002Fspan>",{"pk":2500,"citation":2501,"mentions":2502,"year":1794,"sort":2503},350,"\u003Cspan style=\"\" >Bastian, Heiner, ed. \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"font-style:italic;\" >Andy Warhol, Roy Lichtenstein, Robert Rauschenberg, Cy Twombly, Anselm Kiefer: Aus der Sammlung Marx\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"\" >. Baden-Baden, Germany: Museum Frieder Burda, 2007. Exhibition catalogue\u003C\u002Fspan>","\u003Cspan style=\"\" >no. 23, p. 57 (ill.), as \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"font-style:italic;\" >Ohne Titel\u003C\u002Fspan>",20070000,{"pk":2505,"citation":2506,"mentions":2507,"year":561,"sort":562},3061,"\u003Cspan style=\"\" >Blume, Eugen, Matilda Felix, Gabriele Knapstein, and Catherine Nichols, eds. \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"font-style:italic;\" >Black Mountain: An Interdisciplinary Experiment, 1933–1957\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"\" >. Berlin: Nationalgalerie, Staatliche Museen zu Berlin; Leipzig, Germany: Spector Books, 2015. Exhibition catalogue\u003C\u002Fspan>","\u003Cspan style=\"\" >p. 452, as \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"font-style:italic;\" >Untitled (Black Painting)\u003C\u002Fspan>",[2509,2510,2512,2514,2517,2518,2520,2522],{"citation":1187,"catalogue":15,"year":1062},{"citation":493,"catalogue":2511,"year":79},"no. 10 (not shown in New York)",{"citation":496,"catalogue":2513,"year":344},"(shown in London only)",{"citation":2515,"catalogue":2516,"year":856},"\u003Cspan style=\"\" >Nationalgalerie Berlin, \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"font-style:italic;\" >Beuys, Rauschenberg, Twombly, Warhol: Sammlung Marx\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"\" >, March 2–April 12, 1982. Traveled to Städtisches Museum Abteiberg, Mönchengladbach, Germany, May 6–September 30, 1982\u003C\u002Fspan>","no. 52",{"citation":501,"catalogue":15,"year":119},{"citation":2519,"catalogue":2012,"year":1794},"\u003Cspan style=\"\" >Museum Frieder Burda, Baden-Baden, Germany, \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"font-style:italic;\" >Warhol, Rauschenberg, Lichtenstein, Twombly, Kiefer: Aus der Sammlung Marx\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"\" >, May 25–October 7, 2007\u003C\u002Fspan>",{"citation":2521,"catalogue":15,"year":942},"\u003Cspan style=\"\" >Hamburger Bahnhof–Museum für Gegenwart–Berlin, \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"font-style:italic;\" >Die Kunst ist super!\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"\" >, September 5, 2009–February 14, 2010\u003C\u002Fspan>",{"citation":2523,"catalogue":15,"year":561},"\u003Cspan style=\"\" >Nationalgalerie im Hamburger Bahnhof–Museum für Gegenwart–Berlin, \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"font-style:italic;\" >Black Mountain: Ein interdisziplinäres Experiment 1933–1957 \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"\" >(\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"font-style:italic;\" >Black Mountain: An Interdisciplinary Experiment, 1933–1957\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"\" >), June 5–September 27, 2015\u003C\u002Fspan>","44 black painting ca. 1952–53 oil and newspaper on canvas 80 × 58 3\u002F8 in. (203.1 × 148.3 cm) private collection 52.005 work not examined. untitled jack tworkov, new york, ca. 1953 helen tworkov, new york, gift, 1969 peter m. brant, new york mayor gallery, london, purchase, september 6, 1973 thomas ammann fine art, zurich, purchase, april 8, 1981 erich marx, berlin, purchase, by 1982 [städtisches museum abteiberg, mönchengladbach, long-term loan, 1982–96] [hamburger bahnhof–museum für gegenwart-berlin, long-term loan, 1996–2015] estate of erich marx, 2020 private collection, purchase black paintings 1952 1953 robert rauschenberg . washington, d.c.: national collection of fine arts, smithsonian institution, 1976. exhibition catalogue no. 10, pp. 4 (ill. [upside down]), 68, 68 (ill. [upside down]) rosenberg, harold. “the art world: souvenirs of an avant-garde.” new yorker 53, no. 13 (may 16, 1977) p. 125 robert rauschenberg . london: tate gallery, 1981. exhibition brochure no. 5, n.p. (ill. [upside down]) bastian, heiner, ed. beuys, rauschenberg, twombly, warhol: sammlung marx . munich: prestel, 1982. exhibition catalogue no. 52, pp. 102, 103 (ill. [upside down]) feinstein, roni. “random order: the first fifteen years of robert rauschenberg’s art, 1949–1964.” phd diss., new york university, 1990. proquest (303859753) pp. 107–8, n.p. (fig. 25 [upside down]) hopps, walter. robert rauschenberg: the early 1950s . houston: menil collection; houston fine art press, 1991. exhibition catalogue pp. 63, 68, 94, 95 (pl. 42 [upside down]), as untitled [matte black with painted newspaper] wainwright, lisa. “reading junk: thematic imagery in the art of robert rauschenberg from 1952 to 1964.” phd diss., university of illinois, urbana-champaign, 1993. proquest (304050074) pp. xiv, 125 scholz, dieter. “robert rauschenberg.” in sammlung marx , edited by heiner bastian, vol. 1, pp. 71–79. munich: schirmer\u002Fmosel, 1996 pp. 71–72, 76, 77 (pl. 15), as untitled rosenthal, stephanie. black paintings . translated by büro sieveking. munich: haus der kunst; ostfildern, germany: hatje cantz, 2006. exhibition catalogue no. 11, p. 125 (pl. 11 [upside down]), as untitled (matte black with painted newspaper) (not exhibited) bastian, heiner, ed. andy warhol, roy lichtenstein, robert rauschenberg, cy twombly, anselm kiefer: aus der sammlung marx . baden-baden, germany: museum frieder burda, 2007. exhibition catalogue no. 23, p. 57 (ill.), as ohne titel blume, eugen, matilda felix, gabriele knapstein, and catherine nichols, eds. black mountain: an interdisciplinary experiment, 1933–1957 . berlin: nationalgalerie, staatliche museen zu berlin; leipzig, germany: spector books, 2015. exhibition catalogue p. 452, as untitled (black painting) stable gallery, new york, rauschenberg: paintings and sculpture , september 15–october 3, 1953 national collection of fine arts, smithsonian institution, washington, d.c., robert rauschenberg , october 30, 1976–january 2, 1977. traveled to museum of modern art, new york, march 25–may 17, 1977; san francisco museum of modern art, june 24–august 21, 1977; albright-knox art gallery, buffalo, n.y., september 25–october 30, 1977; art institute of chicago, december 3, 1977–january 15, 1978 no. 10 (not shown in new york) staatliche kunsthalle berlin, robert rauschenberg: werke 1950–1980 , march 25–may 4, 1980. traveled to städtische kunsthalle düsseldorf and kunstverein für die rheinlande und westfalen, düsseldorf (as robert rauschenberg ), june 7–july 13, 1980; louisiana museum of modern art, humlebæk, denmark (as robert rauschenberg ), september 20–november 23, 1980; städelsches kunstinstitut und städtische galerie, frankfurt, december 4, 1980–january 18, 1981; städtische galerie im lenbachhaus, munich, february 4–april 5, 1981; tate gallery, london (as robert rauschenberg ), april 29–june 14, 1981 (shown in london only) nationalgalerie berlin, beuys, rauschenberg, twombly, warhol: sammlung marx , march 2–april 12, 1982. traveled to städtisches museum abteiberg, mönchengladbach, germany, may 6–september 30, 1982 no. 52 corcoran gallery of art, washington, d.c., robert rauschenberg: the early 1950s , june 15–august 11, 1991. organized by menil collection, houston. traveled to menil collection, houston, september 27, 1991–january 5, 1992; museum of contemporary art chicago, february 8–april 19, 1992; san francisco museum of modern art, may 14–august 16, 1992; guggenheim museum soho, new york, october 24, 1992–january 24, 1993 museum frieder burda, baden-baden, germany, warhol, rauschenberg, lichtenstein, twombly, kiefer: aus der sammlung marx , may 25–october 7, 2007 no. 23 hamburger bahnhof–museum für gegenwart–berlin, die kunst ist super! , september 5, 2009–february 14, 2010 nationalgalerie im hamburger bahnhof–museum für gegenwart–berlin, black mountain: ein interdisziplinäres experiment 1933–1957 ( black mountain: an interdisciplinary experiment, 1933–1957 ), june 5–september 27, 2015",{"fieldData":2526,"portalData":2540,"recordId":2541,"modId":2542,"bibliographyItems":2543,"exhibitionItems":2558,"searchText":2565},{"pk_ArtworkID":2527,"Unique Impression ID":2528,"Artist":9,"Title":1957,"Display Date":2338,"zc_YearFirst":1836,"Medium":2461,"Dimensions":2529,"zf_WebPublished":15,"Series":1961,"Reg Number Text":2528,"fk_ArtworkSeriesID":1962,"zc_htmlTitle":1963,"Credit Line":2530,"zc_htmlCreditLine":2531,"CR_Inscriptions":2532,"zc_htmlCRInscriptions":2533,"TItle_Alternative":197,"zc_htmlTitleAlternative":201,"Studio":1046,"fk_StudioID":1047,"CR_Classification":19,"Public Notes":15,"CR_Provenance":2534,"zc_SortRegNo":1445,"zc_SortRegNo2":21,"zc_htmlCRPublicNotes":15,"zc_htmlCRProvenance":2535,"zc_CR_examDate":2536,"CR_followup":15,"zf_CR":22,"modificationTimestampAPI":2537,"cr_sequence_number":2538,"Search Year Start":1836,"Search Year Start Circa":15,"Search Year End":1836,"Search Year End Circa":15,"Year":2338,"CR Number":2539,"zf_CRpublished":22,"zf_nonextant":15},182,"52.006","79 × 35 5\u002F8 in. (200.7 × 90.5 cm)","National Gallery of Art, Washington, D.C.\rGift of Jasper Johns for the Robert and Jane Meyerhoff Collection (2013.140.1)","\u003Cspan style=\"\" >National Gallery of Art, Washington, D.C.\u003Cbr\u002F>Gift of Jasper Johns for the Robert and Jane Meyerhoff Collection (2013.140.1)\u003C\u002Fspan>","Inscribed on relined canvas, upper left: BLACK PAINTING \u002F BOB RAUSCHENBERG \u002F 1952","\u003Cspan style=\"\" >Inscribed on relined canvas, upper left: \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"font-style:italic;text-decoration:underline ;\" >BLACK\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"font-style:italic;\" > \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"font-style:italic;text-decoration:underline ;\" >PAINTING\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"font-style:italic;\" > \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"\" >\u002F \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"font-style:italic;\" >BOB RAUSCHENBERG \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"\" >\u002F \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"font-style:italic;\" >1952\u003C\u002Fspan>","Jasper Johns, gift of the artist or by exchange, ca. 1959–60\r[Robert and Jane Meyerhoff, Phoenix, Md., long-term loan, 1984–2013]\rNational Gallery of Art, Washington, D.C., gift, 2013","\u003Cspan style=\"\" >Jasper Johns, gift of the artist or by exchange, ca. 1959–60\u003Cbr\u002F>[Robert and Jane Meyerhoff, Phoenix, Md., long-term loan, 1984–2013]\u003Cbr\u002F>National Gallery of Art, Washington, D.C., gift, 2013\u003C\u002Fspan>","03\u002F31\u002F2023","07\u002F27\u002F2026 11:57:37",62,39,{},"85","508",[2544,2546,2550,2552,2556],{"pk":36,"citation":37,"mentions":2545,"year":39,"sort":40},"\u003Cspan style=\"\" >pp. 62–63, 68–70, 100 (pl. 48 [detail]), 101 (pl. 50), 153, as \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"font-style:italic;\" >Untitled \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"\" >[vertical black painting] (not exhibited)\u003C\u002Fspan>",{"pk":2547,"citation":2548,"mentions":2549,"year":644,"sort":1616},201,"\u003Cspan style=\"\" >Rosenthal, Mark. \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"font-style:italic;\" >The Robert and Jane Meyerhoff Collection, 1945 to 1995\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"\" >. Washington, D.C.: National Gallery of Art, 1996. Exhibition catalogue\u003C\u002Fspan>","\u003Cspan style=\"\" >no. 131, pp. 162–63, 163 (ill.)\u003C\u002Fspan>",{"pk":1787,"citation":1788,"mentions":2551,"year":431,"sort":432},"\u003Cspan style=\"\" >no. 16, p. 126 (pl. 16) (not exhibited)\u003C\u002Fspan>",{"pk":2553,"citation":2554,"mentions":2555,"year":676,"sort":677},456,"\u003Cspan style=\"\" >Cooper, Harry. \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"font-style:italic;\" >The Robert and Jane Meyerhoff Collection: Selected Works\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"\" >. Washington, D.C.: National Gallery of Art, 2009. Exhibition catalogue\u003C\u002Fspan>","\u003Cspan style=\"\" >pp. 20, 23, 118 (pl. 93)\u003C\u002Fspan>",{"pk":454,"citation":455,"mentions":2557,"year":187,"sort":188},"\u003Cspan style=\"\" >p. 55 (pl. 18)\u003C\u002Fspan>",[2559,2562,2564],{"citation":2560,"catalogue":2561,"year":644},"\u003Cspan style=\"\" >National Gallery of Art, Washington, D.C., \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"font-style:italic;\" >The Robert and Jane Meyerhoff Collection: 1945 to 1995\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"\" >, March 31–July 21, 1996\u003C\u002Fspan>","no. 131",{"citation":2563,"catalogue":15,"year":942},"\u003Cspan style=\"\" >National Gallery of Art, Washington, D.C., \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"font-style:italic;\" >The Robert and Jane Meyerhoff Collection: Selected Works\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"\" >, October 1, 2009–May 2, 2010\u003C\u002Fspan>",{"citation":507,"catalogue":1576,"year":152},"39 black painting 1952 oil and newspaper on canvas 79 × 35 5\u002F8 in. (200.7 × 90.5 cm) national gallery of art, washington, d.c. gift of jasper johns for the robert and jane meyerhoff collection (2013.140.1) 52.006 inscribed on relined canvas, upper left: black painting \u002F bob rauschenberg \u002F 1952 untitled jasper johns, gift of the artist or by exchange, ca. 1959–60 [robert and jane meyerhoff, phoenix, md., long-term loan, 1984–2013] national gallery of art, washington, d.c., gift, 2013 black paintings 1952 1952 hopps, walter. robert rauschenberg: the early 1950s . houston: menil collection; houston fine art press, 1991. exhibition catalogue pp. 62–63, 68–70, 100 (pl. 48 [detail]), 101 (pl. 50), 153, as untitled [vertical black painting] (not exhibited) rosenthal, mark. the robert and jane meyerhoff collection, 1945 to 1995 . washington, d.c.: national gallery of art, 1996. exhibition catalogue no. 131, pp. 162–63, 163 (ill.) rosenthal, stephanie. black paintings . translated by büro sieveking. munich: haus der kunst; ostfildern, germany: hatje cantz, 2006. exhibition catalogue no. 16, p. 126 (pl. 16) (not exhibited) cooper, harry. the robert and jane meyerhoff collection: selected works . washington, d.c.: national gallery of art, 2009. exhibition catalogue pp. 20, 23, 118 (pl. 93) dickerman, leah, and achim borchardt-hume. robert rauschenberg . new york: museum of modern art; london: tate publishing, 2016. exhibition catalogue p. 55 (pl. 18) national gallery of art, washington, d.c., the robert and jane meyerhoff collection: 1945 to 1995 , march 31–july 21, 1996 no. 131 national gallery of art, washington, d.c., the robert and jane meyerhoff collection: selected works , october 1, 2009–may 2, 2010 tate modern, london, robert rauschenberg , december 1, 2016–april 2, 2017. organized with museum of modern art, new york. traveled to museum of modern art, new york (as robert rauschenberg: among friends ), may 21–september 17, 2017; san francisco museum of modern art (as robert rauschenberg: erasing the rules ), november 18, 2017–march 25, 2018 (shown in san francisco only)",{"fieldData":2567,"portalData":2581,"recordId":2582,"modId":977,"bibliographyItems":2583,"exhibitionItems":2605,"searchText":2616},{"pk_ArtworkID":2568,"Unique Impression ID":2569,"Artist":9,"Title":2224,"Display Date":2338,"zc_YearFirst":1836,"Medium":2570,"Dimensions":2571,"zf_WebPublished":22,"Series":2227,"Reg Number Text":2569,"fk_ArtworkSeriesID":2228,"zc_htmlTitle":2229,"Credit Line":2572,"zc_htmlCreditLine":2573,"CR_Inscriptions":2574,"zc_htmlCRInscriptions":2575,"TItle_Alternative":15,"zc_htmlTitleAlternative":15,"Studio":15,"fk_StudioID":15,"CR_Classification":731,"Public Notes":15,"CR_Provenance":2576,"zc_SortRegNo":1445,"zc_SortRegNo2":21,"zc_htmlCRPublicNotes":15,"zc_htmlCRProvenance":2577,"zc_CR_examDate":2578,"CR_followup":15,"zf_CR":22,"modificationTimestampAPI":2579,"cr_sequence_number":2580,"Search Year Start":1836,"Search Year Start Circa":15,"Search Year End":1836,"Search Year End Circa":15,"Year":2338,"CR Number":1776,"zf_CRpublished":22,"zf_nonextant":15},183,"52.007","Wood box, paint, thorns, fabric, and snail shells","Box (closed): 4 7\u002F8 × 5 3\u002F8 × 5 3\u002F8 in. (12.3 × 13.7 × 13.5 cm)","Collection of Jasper Johns","\u003Cspan style=\"\" >Collection of Jasper Johns\u003C\u002Fspan>","Inscribed on bottom of box: RAUSCHENBERG ’52","\u003Cspan style=\"\" >Inscribed on bottom of box: \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"font-style:italic;\" >RAUSCHENBERG \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: 'AppleSystemUIFont';font-size: 13px;font-style:italic;\" >’\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"font-style:italic;\" >52\u003C\u002Fspan>","Philip Johnson\rJasper Johns","\u003Cspan style=\"\" >Philip Johnson\u003Cbr\u002F>Jasper Johns\u003C\u002Fspan>","08\u002F08\u002F2023","10\u002F02\u002F2026 14:39:30",72,{},"86",[2584,2586,2588,2592,2596,2600,2601,2603],{"pk":102,"citation":103,"mentions":2585,"year":105,"sort":106},"\u003Cspan style=\"\" >p. 119, n.p. (fig. 33)\u003C\u002Fspan>",{"pk":36,"citation":37,"mentions":2587,"year":39,"sort":40},"\u003Cspan style=\"\" >pp. 138 (pl. 86), 142 (pl. 90)\u003C\u002Fspan>",{"pk":2589,"citation":2590,"mentions":2591,"year":421,"sort":422},1310,"\u003Cspan style=\"\" >Chevrier, Jean-François. \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"font-style:italic;\" >Art and Utopia: Limited Action\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"\" >. Barcelona: Museu d’Art Contemporani de Barcelona, 2005. Exhibition catalogue\u003C\u002Fspan>","\u003Cspan style=\"\" >no. 593, pp. 273 (ill.), 409\u003C\u002Fspan>",{"pk":2593,"citation":2594,"mentions":2595,"year":421,"sort":422},163,"\u003Cspan style=\"\" >Molesworth, Helen. \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"font-style:italic;\" >Part Object, Part Sculpture\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"\" >. Columbus: Wexner Center for the Arts, Ohio State University; University Park: Pennsylvania State University Press, 2005. Exhibition catalogue\u003C\u002Fspan>","\u003Cspan style=\"\" >p. 99 (ill.)\u003C\u002Fspan>",{"pk":2597,"citation":2598,"mentions":2599,"year":421,"sort":422},1277,"\u003Cspan style=\"\" >Chevrier, Jean-François.  \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"font-style:italic;\" >L’action restreinte: L’art moderne selon Mallarmé\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"\" >. Paris: Hazan; Nantes, France: Musée des Beaux-Arts de Nantes, 2005. Exhibition catalogue\u003C\u002Fspan>","\u003Cspan style=\"\" >p. 330\u003C\u002Fspan>",{"pk":2297,"citation":2298,"mentions":2299,"year":441,"sort":2300},{"pk":1514,"citation":1515,"mentions":2602,"year":676,"sort":677},"\u003Cspan style=\"\" >p. 11 (fig. 3)\u003C\u002Fspan>",{"pk":454,"citation":455,"mentions":2604,"year":187,"sort":188},"\u003Cspan style=\"\" >p. 84 (pl. 50)\u003C\u002Fspan>",[2606,2607,2608,2609,2612,2614,2615],{"citation":2256,"catalogue":2305,"year":1062},{"citation":2259,"catalogue":2305,"year":1062},{"citation":501,"catalogue":502,"year":119},{"citation":2610,"catalogue":2611,"year":421},"\u003Cspan style=\"\" >Museu d’Art Contemporani de Barcelona, \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"font-style:italic;\" >Art i utopia: L’acció restringida \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"\" >(\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"font-style:italic;\" >Arte y utopía: La acción restringida\u002FArt and Utopia: Action Restricted\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"\" >), June 3–September 12, 2004. Traveled to Musée des Beaux-Arts de Nantes, France (as \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"font-style:italic;\" >L’action restreinte: L’art moderne selon Mallarmé\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"\" >), April 8–July 3, 2005\u003C\u002Fspan>","no. 593",{"citation":2613,"catalogue":15,"year":431},"\u003Cspan style=\"\" >Wexner Center for the Arts, Ohio State University, Columbus, \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"font-style:italic;\" >Part Object, Part Sculpture\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"\" >, October 30, 2005–February 26, 2006\u003C\u002Fspan>",{"citation":507,"catalogue":15,"year":152},{"citation":960,"catalogue":15,"year":760},"45 untitled ( scatole e feticci personali ) 1952 wood box, paint, thorns, fabric, and snail shells box (closed): 4 7\u002F8 × 5 3\u002F8 × 5 3\u002F8 in. (12.3 × 13.7 × 13.5 cm) collection of jasper johns 52.007 inscribed on bottom of box: rauschenberg ’ 52 philip johnson jasper johns scatole e feticci personali 1952 1952 feinstein, roni. “random order: the first fifteen years of robert rauschenberg’s art, 1949–1964.” phd diss., new york university, 1990. proquest (303859753) p. 119, n.p. (fig. 33) hopps, walter. robert rauschenberg: the early 1950s . houston: menil collection; houston fine art press, 1991. exhibition catalogue pp. 138 (pl. 86), 142 (pl. 90) chevrier, jean-françois. art and utopia: limited action . barcelona: museu d’art contemporani de barcelona, 2005. exhibition catalogue no. 593, pp. 273 (ill.), 409 molesworth, helen. part object, part sculpture . columbus: wexner center for the arts, ohio state university; university park: pennsylvania state university press, 2005. exhibition catalogue p. 99 (ill.) chevrier, jean-françois. l’action restreinte: l’art moderne selon mallarmé . paris: hazan; nantes, france: musée des beaux-arts de nantes, 2005. exhibition catalogue p. 330 cullinan, nicholas. “double exposure: robert rauschenberg’s and cy twombly’s roman holiday.” burlington magazine 150, no. 1264 (july 2008) p. 468 (fig. 36) lanchner, carolyn. robert rauschenberg . new york: museum of modern art, 2009 p. 11 (fig. 3) dickerman, leah, and achim borchardt-hume. robert rauschenberg . new york: museum of modern art; london: tate publishing, 2016. exhibition catalogue p. 84 (pl. 50) galleria d’arte contemporanea, florence, scatole e costruzioni contemplative di bob rauschenberg , opened march 14, 1953 (likely shown) galleria dell’obelisco, rome, bob rauschenberg: scatole e feticci personali , march 3–10, 1953 (likely shown) corcoran gallery of art, washington, d.c., robert rauschenberg: the early 1950s , june 15–august 11, 1991. organized by menil collection, houston. traveled to menil collection, houston, september 27, 1991–january 5, 1992; museum of contemporary art chicago, february 8–april 19, 1992; san francisco museum of modern art, may 14–august 16, 1992; guggenheim museum soho, new york, october 24, 1992–january 24, 1993 (shown in new york only) museu d’art contemporani de barcelona, art i utopia: l’acció restringida ( arte y utopía: la acción restringida\u002Fart and utopia: action restricted ), june 3–september 12, 2004. traveled to musée des beaux-arts de nantes, france (as l’action restreinte: l’art moderne selon mallarmé ), april 8–july 3, 2005 no. 593 wexner center for the arts, ohio state university, columbus, part object, part sculpture , october 30, 2005–february 26, 2006 tate modern, london, robert rauschenberg , december 1, 2016–april 2, 2017. organized with museum of modern art, new york. traveled to museum of modern art, new york (as robert rauschenberg: among friends ), may 21–september 17, 2017; san francisco museum of modern art (as robert rauschenberg: erasing the rules ), november 18, 2017–march 25, 2018 nasher sculpture center, dallas, rauschenberg sculpture , january 31–april 26, 2026",{"fieldData":2618,"portalData":2633,"recordId":2634,"modId":2635,"bibliographyItems":2636,"exhibitionItems":2684,"searchText":2704},{"pk_ArtworkID":2619,"Unique Impression ID":2620,"Artist":9,"Title":2224,"Display Date":2110,"zc_YearFirst":1062,"Medium":2621,"Dimensions":2622,"zf_WebPublished":22,"Series":2227,"Reg Number Text":2620,"fk_ArtworkSeriesID":2228,"zc_htmlTitle":2229,"Credit Line":2623,"zc_htmlCreditLine":2624,"CR_Inscriptions":15,"zc_htmlCRInscriptions":15,"TItle_Alternative":2625,"zc_htmlTitleAlternative":2626,"Studio":15,"fk_StudioID":15,"CR_Classification":731,"Public Notes":15,"CR_Provenance":2627,"zc_SortRegNo":1445,"zc_SortRegNo2":21,"zc_htmlCRPublicNotes":15,"zc_htmlCRProvenance":2628,"zc_CR_examDate":2629,"CR_followup":2630,"zf_CR":22,"modificationTimestampAPI":2631,"cr_sequence_number":2632,"Search Year Start":1836,"Search Year Start Circa":22,"Search Year End":1836,"Search Year End Circa":22,"Year":2110,"CR Number":1052,"zf_CRpublished":22,"zf_nonextant":15},184,"52.008","Wood box, dirt, plastic lens, photograph, hair, pins, and mica","Box (closed): 1 3\u002F8 × 2 1\u002F8 × 3 in. (3.6 × 5.4 × 7.5 cm)","Sonnabend Homem Collection","\u003Cspan style=\"\" >Sonnabend Homem Collection\u003C\u002Fspan>","Ileana Sonnabend’s Box","\u003Cspan style=\"font-style:italic;\" >Ileana Sonnabend’s Box\u003C\u002Fspan>","Ileana Sonnabend, Paris, by 1969\rSonnabend Collection Foundation and Antonio Homem, bequest, 2007\rSonnabend Homem Collection, bequest, 2026","\u003Cspan style=\"\" >Ileana Sonnabend, Paris, by 1969\u003Cbr\u002F>Sonnabend Collection Foundation and Antonio Homem, bequest, 2007\u003Cbr\u002F>Sonnabend Homem Collection, bequest, 2026\u003C\u002Fspan>","02\u002F14\u002F2023","2\u002F14\u002F23","10\u002F02\u002F2026 14:41:37",83,{},"87","540",[2637,2639,2641,2643,2648,2649,2650,2652,2654,2659,2661,2663,2664,2668,2670,2672,2676,2680],{"pk":22,"citation":313,"mentions":2638,"year":315,"sort":316},"\u003Cspan style=\"\" >p. 158 (ill.), as \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"font-style:italic;\" >Ileana Sonnabend’s Box\u003C\u002Fspan>",{"pk":102,"citation":103,"mentions":2640,"year":105,"sort":106},"\u003Cspan style=\"\" >p. 119, n.p. (fig. 34), as \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"font-style:italic;\" >Ileana Sonnabend’s Box\u003C\u002Fspan>",{"pk":36,"citation":37,"mentions":2642,"year":39,"sort":40},"\u003Cspan style=\"\" >pp. 114–15, 139 (pl. 86), 140 (pl. 87)\u003C\u002Fspan>",{"pk":2644,"citation":2645,"mentions":2646,"year":39,"sort":2647},5065,"\u003Cspan style=\"\" >“A Close-Up of an Artist’s Evolution at Corcoran.” \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"font-style:italic;\" >Washington Times\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"\" >, June 24, 1991\u003C\u002Fspan>","\u003Cspan style=\"\" >sec. E, p. 3 (ill.)\u003C\u002Fspan>",19910624,{"pk":624,"citation":625,"mentions":2289,"year":113,"sort":627},{"pk":629,"citation":630,"mentions":2291,"year":113,"sort":632},{"pk":122,"citation":123,"mentions":2651,"year":119,"sort":120},"\u003Cspan style=\"\" >p. xi\u003C\u002Fspan>",{"pk":2293,"citation":2294,"mentions":2653,"year":639,"sort":640},"\u003Cspan style=\"\" >no. 51, p. 62, 62 (pl. 51)\u003C\u002Fspan>",{"pk":2655,"citation":2656,"mentions":2657,"year":644,"sort":2658},5165,"\u003Cspan style=\"\" >Turner, Elisa. “Surprising Take on Enfant Terrible’s Sculpture.” \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"font-style:italic;\" >Miami Herald\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"\" >, April 28, 1996\u003C\u002Fspan>","\u003Cspan style=\"\" >sec. I, p. 3I\u003C\u002Fspan>",19960428,{"pk":374,"citation":375,"mentions":2660,"year":377,"sort":378},"\u003Cspan style=\"\" >no. 45, p. 75 (pl. 45)\u003C\u002Fspan>",{"pk":1147,"citation":1148,"mentions":2662,"year":1150,"sort":1151},"\u003Cspan style=\"\" >no. 7, p. 111 (ill.)\u003C\u002Fspan>",{"pk":2297,"citation":2298,"mentions":2299,"year":441,"sort":2300},{"pk":2665,"citation":2666,"mentions":2667,"year":1176,"sort":1388},1691,"\u003Cspan style=\"font-style:italic;\" >Robert Rauschenberg: North African Collages and Scatole Personali c. 1952\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"\" >. New York: Craig F. Starr Gallery, 2012. Exhibition catalogue\u003C\u002Fspan>","\u003Cspan style=\"\" >no. 25, n.p. (ill.)\u003C\u002Fspan>",{"pk":450,"citation":451,"mentions":2669,"year":187,"sort":188},"\u003Cspan style=\"\" >p. 36 (fig. 26)\u003C\u002Fspan>",{"pk":454,"citation":455,"mentions":2671,"year":187,"sort":188},"\u003Cspan style=\"\" >p. 85 (pl. 51)\u003C\u002Fspan>",{"pk":2673,"citation":2674,"mentions":2675,"year":187,"sort":188},6140,"\u003Cspan style=\"\" >Glauber, Alex. \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"font-style:italic;\" >The Coveter\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"\" >. New York: Dickinson Roundell, 2016. Exhibition catalogue\u003C\u002Fspan>","\u003Cspan style=\"\" >n.p. (pl. 2 [install])\u003C\u002Fspan>",{"pk":2677,"citation":2678,"mentions":2679,"year":474,"sort":475},6669,"\u003Cspan style=\"font-style:italic;\" >Robert Rauschenberg: Sympathy for Abandoned Objects. \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"\" >New York: Gladstone, 2025. Exhibition catalogue\u003C\u002Fspan>","\u003Cspan style=\"\" >pp. 17, 33 (ill.), 34–35 (ill.)\u003C\u002Fspan>",{"pk":2681,"citation":2682,"mentions":2683,"year":474,"sort":475},6722,"\u003Cspan style=\"font-style:italic;\" >Rauschenberg: El uso de las imágenes\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"\" >. Madrid: Fundación Juan March, 2025. Exhibition catalogue\u003C\u002Fspan>","\u003Cspan style=\"\" >no. 43, pp. 83 (ill.), 288\u003C\u002Fspan>",[2685,2686,2687,2688,2691,2692,2693,2696,2698,2699,2701],{"citation":2256,"catalogue":2305,"year":1062},{"citation":2259,"catalogue":2305,"year":1062},{"citation":501,"catalogue":15,"year":119},{"citation":2689,"catalogue":2690,"year":644},"\u003Cspan style=\"\" >Modern Art Museum of Fort Worth, Texas, \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"font-style:italic;\" >Robert Rauschenberg: Sculpture\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"\" >, October 22–December 31, 1995. Traveled to Museum of Contemporary Art, North Miami, Fla., April 26–July 28, 1996\u003C\u002Fspan>","no. 51",{"citation":504,"catalogue":1943,"year":129},{"citation":1425,"catalogue":707,"year":1150},{"citation":2694,"catalogue":2695,"year":1176},"\u003Cspan style=\"\" >Craig F. Starr Gallery, New York, \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"font-style:italic;\" >Robert Rauschenberg: North African Collages and Scatole Personali c. 1952\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"\" >, June 4–August 10, 2012\u003C\u002Fspan>","no. 25",{"citation":2697,"catalogue":15,"year":187},"\u003Cspan style=\"\" >Dickinson Roundell, New York, \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"font-style:italic;\" >The Coveter\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"\" >, February 16–March 5, 2016\u003C\u002Fspan>",{"citation":507,"catalogue":15,"year":152},{"citation":2700,"catalogue":15,"year":474},"\u003Cspan style=\"\" >Gladstone, New York, \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"font-style:italic;\" >Robert Rauschenberg: Sympathy for Abandoned Objects\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"\" >, May 1–June 14, 2025\u003C\u002Fspan>",{"citation":2702,"catalogue":2703,"year":760},"\u003Cspan style=\"\" >Fundación Juan March, Madrid, \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"font-style:italic;\" >Robert Rauschenberg: El uso de las imágenes \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"\" >(\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"font-style:italic;\" >Robert Rauschenberg: The Use of Images\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"\" >), October 3, 2025–January 18, 2026\u003C\u002Fspan>","no. 43","54 untitled ( scatole e feticci personali ) ca. 1953 wood box, dirt, plastic lens, photograph, hair, pins, and mica box (closed): 1 3\u002F8 × 2 1\u002F8 × 3 in. (3.6 × 5.4 × 7.5 cm) sonnabend homem collection 52.008 ileana sonnabend’s box ileana sonnabend, paris, by 1969 sonnabend collection foundation and antonio homem, bequest, 2007 sonnabend homem collection, bequest, 2026 scatole e feticci personali 1952 1952 forge, andrew. rauschenberg . new york: harry n. abrams, [1969] p. 158 (ill.), as ileana sonnabend’s box feinstein, roni. “random order: the first fifteen years of robert rauschenberg’s art, 1949–1964.” phd diss., new york university, 1990. proquest (303859753) p. 119, n.p. (fig. 34), as ileana sonnabend’s box hopps, walter. robert rauschenberg: the early 1950s . houston: menil collection; houston fine art press, 1991. exhibition catalogue pp. 114–15, 139 (pl. 86), 140 (pl. 87) “a close-up of an artist’s evolution at corcoran.” washington times , june 24, 1991 sec. e, p. 3 (ill.) camper, fred. “the unordered universe.” reader (chicago), march 27, 1992 sec. 1, p. 33 colpitt, frances. “rauschenberg: in the beginning.” art in america 80, no. 4 (april 1992) pp. 127 (ill.), 128 wainwright, lisa. “reading junk: thematic imagery in the art of robert rauschenberg from 1952 to 1964.” phd diss., university of illinois, urbana-champaign, 1993. proquest (304050074) p. xi turrell, julia brown, ed. rauschenberg sculpture . fort worth, texas: modern art museum of fort worth, 1995. exhibition catalogue no. 51, p. 62, 62 (pl. 51) turner, elisa. “surprising take on enfant terrible’s sculpture.” miami herald , april 28, 1996 sec. i, p. 3i hopps, walter, and susan davidson. robert rauschenberg: a retrospective . new york: solomon r. guggenheim foundation, 1997. exhibition catalogue no. 45, p. 75 (pl. 45) davidson, susan, and david white. rauschenberg . ferrara, italy: ferrara arte, 2004. exhibition catalogue no. 7, p. 111 (ill.) cullinan, nicholas. “double exposure: robert rauschenberg’s and cy twombly’s roman holiday.” burlington magazine 150, no. 1264 (july 2008) p. 468 (fig. 36) robert rauschenberg: north african collages and scatole personali c. 1952 . new york: craig f. starr gallery, 2012. exhibition catalogue no. 25, n.p. (ill.) krčma, ed. robert rauschenberg . london: tate publishing, 2016 p. 36 (fig. 26) dickerman, leah, and achim borchardt-hume. robert rauschenberg . new york: museum of modern art; london: tate publishing, 2016. exhibition catalogue p. 85 (pl. 51) glauber, alex. the coveter . new york: dickinson roundell, 2016. exhibition catalogue n.p. (pl. 2 [install]) robert rauschenberg: sympathy for abandoned objects. new york: gladstone, 2025. exhibition catalogue pp. 17, 33 (ill.), 34–35 (ill.) rauschenberg: el uso de las imágenes . madrid: fundación juan march, 2025. exhibition catalogue no. 43, pp. 83 (ill.), 288 galleria d’arte contemporanea, florence, scatole e costruzioni contemplative di bob rauschenberg , opened march 14, 1953 (likely shown) galleria dell’obelisco, rome, bob rauschenberg: scatole e feticci personali , march 3–10, 1953 (likely shown) corcoran gallery of art, washington, d.c., robert rauschenberg: the early 1950s , june 15–august 11, 1991. organized by menil collection, houston. traveled to menil collection, houston, september 27, 1991–january 5, 1992; museum of contemporary art chicago, february 8–april 19, 1992; san francisco museum of modern art, may 14–august 16, 1992; guggenheim museum soho, new york, october 24, 1992–january 24, 1993 modern art museum of fort worth, texas, robert rauschenberg: sculpture , october 22–december 31, 1995. traveled to museum of contemporary art, north miami, fla., april 26–july 28, 1996 no. 51 solomon r. guggenheim museum, new york, robert rauschenberg: a retrospective , september 19, 1997–january 7, 1998 (also guggenheim museum soho, new york, september 19, 1997–january 4, 1998, and ace gallery, new york, september 19–november 9, 1997). traveled to menil collection, contemporary arts museum houston, and museum of fine arts, houston, february 13–may 17, 1998; museum ludwig, cologne (as robert rauschenberg: retrospektive ), june 27–october 11, 1998; museo guggenheim bilbao (as robert rauschenberg: retrospectiva ), november 21, 1998–march 7, 1999 no. 45 palazzo dei diamanti, ferrara, italy, rauschenberg , february 29–june 6, 2004 no. 7 craig f. starr gallery, new york, robert rauschenberg: north african collages and scatole personali c. 1952 , june 4–august 10, 2012 no. 25 dickinson roundell, new york, the coveter , february 16–march 5, 2016 tate modern, london, robert rauschenberg , december 1, 2016–april 2, 2017. organized with museum of modern art, new york. traveled to museum of modern art, new york (as robert rauschenberg: among friends ), may 21–september 17, 2017; san francisco museum of modern art (as robert rauschenberg: erasing the rules ), november 18, 2017–march 25, 2018 gladstone, new york, robert rauschenberg: sympathy for abandoned objects , may 1–june 14, 2025 fundación juan march, madrid, robert rauschenberg: el uso de las imágenes ( robert rauschenberg: the use of images ), october 3, 2025–january 18, 2026 no. 43",{"fieldData":2706,"portalData":2719,"recordId":2720,"modId":2721,"bibliographyItems":2722,"exhibitionItems":2742,"searchText":2752},{"pk_ArtworkID":2707,"Unique Impression ID":2708,"Artist":9,"Title":2224,"Display Date":2709,"zc_YearFirst":1062,"Medium":2710,"Dimensions":2711,"zf_WebPublished":22,"Series":2227,"Reg Number Text":2708,"fk_ArtworkSeriesID":2228,"zc_htmlTitle":2229,"Credit Line":2623,"zc_htmlCreditLine":2624,"CR_Inscriptions":2712,"zc_htmlCRInscriptions":2713,"TItle_Alternative":2714,"zc_htmlTitleAlternative":2715,"Studio":15,"fk_StudioID":15,"CR_Classification":731,"Public Notes":15,"CR_Provenance":2627,"zc_SortRegNo":1445,"zc_SortRegNo2":21,"zc_htmlCRPublicNotes":15,"zc_htmlCRProvenance":2628,"zc_CR_examDate":2629,"CR_followup":2716,"zf_CR":22,"modificationTimestampAPI":2717,"cr_sequence_number":1580,"Search Year Start":1062,"Search Year Start Circa":15,"Search Year End":1062,"Search Year End Circa":15,"Year":2709,"CR Number":2718,"zf_CRpublished":22,"zf_nonextant":15},185,"52.009","1953","Wood box, printed paper, twig and beetle","Box (closed): 1 3\u002F8 × 3 1\u002F2 × 4 3\u002F8 in. (3.4 × 9 × 11 cm)","Inscribed on bottom of box: RAUSCHENBERG 53","\u003Cspan style=\"\" >Inscribed on bottom of box: \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"font-style:italic;\" >RAUSCHENBERG 53\u003C\u002Fspan>","Beetle Box","\u003Cspan style=\"font-style:italic;\" >Beetle Box\u003C\u002Fspan>","2\u002F14\u002F2023","10\u002F02\u002F2026 14:42:00",80,{},"88","536",[2723,2725,2727,2729,2731,2733,2734,2736,2738,2740],{"pk":22,"citation":313,"mentions":2724,"year":315,"sort":316},"\u003Cspan style=\"\" >p. 41 (ill.), as \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"font-style:italic;\" >Beetle Box\u003C\u002Fspan>",{"pk":102,"citation":103,"mentions":2726,"year":105,"sort":106},"\u003Cspan style=\"\" >p. 119, n.p. 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[detail]), 37 (ill.), 38 (ill.)\u003C\u002Fspan>",{"pk":2681,"citation":2682,"mentions":2741,"year":474,"sort":475},"\u003Cspan style=\"\" >no. 42, pp. 82 (ill.), 288\u003C\u002Fspan>",[2743,2744,2745,2746,2747,2748,2749,2750],{"citation":501,"catalogue":15,"year":119},{"citation":2689,"catalogue":2516,"year":644},{"citation":1425,"catalogue":1842,"year":1150},{"citation":2694,"catalogue":1289,"year":1176},{"citation":2697,"catalogue":15,"year":187},{"citation":507,"catalogue":15,"year":152},{"citation":2700,"catalogue":15,"year":474},{"citation":2702,"catalogue":2751,"year":760},"no. 42","80 untitled ( scatole e feticci personali ) 1953 wood box, printed paper, twig and beetle box (closed): 1 3\u002F8 × 3 1\u002F2 × 4 3\u002F8 in. (3.4 × 9 × 11 cm) sonnabend homem collection 52.009 inscribed on bottom of box: rauschenberg 53 beetle box ileana sonnabend, paris, by 1969 sonnabend collection foundation and antonio homem, bequest, 2007 sonnabend homem collection, bequest, 2026 scatole e feticci personali 1953 1953 forge, andrew. rauschenberg . new york: harry n. abrams, [1969] p. 41 (ill.), as beetle box feinstein, roni. “random order: the first fifteen years of robert rauschenberg’s art, 1949–1964.” phd diss., new york university, 1990. proquest (303859753) p. 119, n.p. (fig. 36) hopps, walter. robert rauschenberg: the early 1950s . houston: menil collection; houston fine art press, 1991. exhibition catalogue p. 144 (pl. 93) turrell, julia brown, ed. rauschenberg sculpture . fort worth, texas: modern art museum of fort worth, 1995. exhibition catalogue no. 52, p. 62, 62 (pl. 52) davidson, susan, and david white. rauschenberg . ferrara, italy: ferrara arte, 2004. exhibition catalogue no. 8, p. 112 (ill.) robert rauschenberg: north african collages and scatole personali c. 1952 . new york: craig f. starr gallery, 2012. exhibition catalogue no. 5, n.p. (ill.) dickerman, leah, and achim borchardt-hume. robert rauschenberg . new york: museum of modern art; london: tate publishing, 2016. exhibition catalogue p. 84 (pl. 49) glauber, alex. the coveter . new york: dickinson roundell, 2016. exhibition catalogue n.p. (pl. 1 [install]) robert rauschenberg: sympathy for abandoned objects. new york: gladstone, 2025. exhibition catalogue pp. 26 (ill. [detail]), 37 (ill.), 38 (ill.) rauschenberg: el uso de las imágenes . madrid: fundación juan march, 2025. exhibition catalogue no. 42, pp. 82 (ill.), 288 corcoran gallery of art, washington, d.c., robert rauschenberg: the early 1950s , june 15–august 11, 1991. organized by menil collection, houston. traveled to menil collection, houston, september 27, 1991–january 5, 1992; museum of contemporary art chicago, february 8–april 19, 1992; san francisco museum of modern art, may 14–august 16, 1992; guggenheim museum soho, new york, october 24, 1992–january 24, 1993 modern art museum of fort worth, texas, robert rauschenberg: sculpture , october 22–december 31, 1995. traveled to museum of contemporary art, north miami, fla., april 26–july 28, 1996 no. 52 palazzo dei diamanti, ferrara, italy, rauschenberg , february 29–june 6, 2004 no. 8 craig f. starr gallery, new york, robert rauschenberg: north african collages and scatole personali c. 1952 , june 4–august 10, 2012 no. 5 dickinson roundell, new york, the coveter , february 16–march 5, 2016 tate modern, london, robert rauschenberg , december 1, 2016–april 2, 2017. organized with museum of modern art, new york. traveled to museum of modern art, new york (as robert rauschenberg: among friends ), may 21–september 17, 2017; san francisco museum of modern art (as robert rauschenberg: erasing the rules ), november 18, 2017–march 25, 2018 gladstone, new york, robert rauschenberg: sympathy for abandoned objects , may 1–june 14, 2025 fundación juan march, madrid, robert rauschenberg: el uso de las imágenes ( robert rauschenberg: the use of images ), october 3, 2025–january 18, 2026 no. 42",{"fieldData":2754,"portalData":2767,"recordId":2768,"modId":2769,"bibliographyItems":2770,"exhibitionItems":2808,"searchText":2816},{"pk_ArtworkID":2755,"Unique Impression ID":2756,"Artist":9,"Title":1957,"Display Date":48,"zc_YearFirst":49,"Medium":2757,"Dimensions":2758,"zf_WebPublished":15,"Series":1961,"Reg Number Text":2756,"fk_ArtworkSeriesID":1962,"zc_htmlTitle":1963,"Credit Line":2759,"zc_htmlCreditLine":2760,"CR_Inscriptions":2761,"zc_htmlCRInscriptions":2762,"TItle_Alternative":197,"zc_htmlTitleAlternative":201,"Studio":1046,"fk_StudioID":1047,"CR_Classification":19,"Public Notes":15,"CR_Provenance":2763,"zc_SortRegNo":1445,"zc_SortRegNo2":21,"zc_htmlCRPublicNotes":15,"zc_htmlCRProvenance":2764,"zc_CR_examDate":2629,"CR_followup":2765,"zf_CR":22,"modificationTimestampAPI":2766,"cr_sequence_number":56,"Search Year Start":49,"Search Year Start Circa":22,"Search Year End":49,"Search Year End Circa":22,"Year":48,"CR Number":774,"zf_CRpublished":22,"zf_nonextant":15},187,"52.011","Oil, newspaper, and printed paper on canvas","Approx. 78 3\u002F4 × 53 1\u002F4 in. (200 × 135.3 cm)","Collection of Denise and Andrew Saul","\u003Cspan style=\"\" >Collection of Denise and Andrew Saul\u003C\u002Fspan>","Verso not examined.","\u003Cspan style=\"\" >Verso not examined.\u003C\u002Fspan>","Morton Feldman, New York, purchase from the artist, 1953\rDenise and Andrew Saul, New York, purchase, March 20, 1987 (via Larry Gagosian Gallery, New York)","\u003Cspan style=\"\" >Morton Feldman, New York, purchase from the artist, 1953\u003Cbr\u002F>Denise and Andrew Saul, New York, purchase, March 20, 1987 (via Larry Gagosian Gallery, New York)\u003C\u002Fspan>","verso not examined","10\u002F02\u002F2026 14:42:17",{},"90","502",[2771,2773,2774,2775,2777,2782,2784,2789,2790,2792,2794,2796,2798,2800,2802,2806],{"pk":24,"citation":269,"mentions":2772,"year":271,"sort":272},"\u003Cspan style=\"\" >no. 4, n.p. (ill.)\u003C\u002Fspan>",{"pk":283,"citation":284,"mentions":1076,"year":271,"sort":286},{"pk":294,"citation":295,"mentions":1078,"year":291,"sort":297},{"pk":22,"citation":313,"mentions":2776,"year":315,"sort":316},"\u003Cspan style=\"\" >p. 173 (ill.)\u003C\u002Fspan>",{"pk":2778,"citation":2779,"mentions":2780,"year":1460,"sort":2781},6074,"\u003Cspan style=\"\" >Feldman, Morton. “Give My Regards to Eighth Street.” \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"font-style:italic;\" >Art in America\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"\" > 59, no. 2 (March–April 1971)\u003C\u002Fspan>","\u003Cspan style=\"\" >p. 96\u003C\u002Fspan>",19710300,{"pk":324,"citation":325,"mentions":2783,"year":327,"sort":328},"\u003Cspan style=\"\" >n.p. (pl. 3)\u003C\u002Fspan>",{"pk":2785,"citation":2786,"mentions":2787,"year":344,"sort":2788},6621,"\u003Cspan style=\"\" >Feldman, Morton. “Crippled Symmetry.” \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"font-style:italic;\" >RES:Anthropology and Aesthetics\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"\" >, no. 2 (Autumn 1981)\u003C\u002Fspan>","\u003Cspan style=\"\" >pp. 100 (ill.), 101\u003C\u002Fspan>",19810900,{"pk":355,"citation":356,"mentions":1124,"year":99,"sort":358},{"pk":96,"citation":97,"mentions":2791,"year":99,"sort":100},"\u003Cspan style=\"\" >pp. 29 (ill. [install]), 32 (ill.), 35\u003C\u002Fspan>",{"pk":102,"citation":103,"mentions":2793,"year":105,"sort":106},"\u003Cspan style=\"\" >p. 106, n.p. (figs. 24, 29 [install])\u003C\u002Fspan>",{"pk":36,"citation":37,"mentions":2795,"year":39,"sort":40},"\u003Cspan style=\"\" >pp. 63, 68, 69 (fig. 31), 100, 153–54, 179 (pl. 106), 189 (pl. 116 [install]), as \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"font-style:italic;\" >Untitled\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"\" > [black painting with grid forms]\u003C\u002Fspan>",{"pk":374,"citation":375,"mentions":2797,"year":377,"sort":378},"\u003Cspan style=\"\" >no. 51, pp. 33, 44, 81 (pl. 51), as \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"font-style:italic;\" >Untitled\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"\" > [black painting with grid forms]\u003C\u002Fspan>",{"pk":412,"citation":413,"mentions":2799,"year":415,"sort":416},"\u003Cspan style=\"\" >p. 74 (ill.), as \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"font-style:italic;\" >Untitled\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"\" > [black painting with grid forms]\u003C\u002Fspan>",{"pk":1787,"citation":1788,"mentions":2801,"year":431,"sort":432},"\u003Cspan style=\"\" >no. 18, p. 29 (pl. 18), as \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"font-style:italic;\" >Untitled (black painting with grid forms)\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"\" > (not exhibited)\u003C\u002Fspan>",{"pk":2803,"citation":2804,"mentions":2805,"year":431,"sort":432},6620,"\u003Cspan style=\"\" >Villars, Chris, ed. \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"font-style:italic;\" >Morton Feldman Says: Selected Interviews and Lectures 1964–1987\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"\" >. London: Hyphen, 2006\u003C\u002Fspan>","\u003Cspan style=\"\" >pp. 52, 227\u003C\u002Fspan>",{"pk":454,"citation":455,"mentions":2807,"year":187,"sort":188},"\u003Cspan style=\"\" >pp. 57 (pl. 20), 112 (ill. [install]), as \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"font-style:italic;\" >Untitled (Black Painting)\u003C\u002Fspan>",[2809,2810,2811,2812,2813,2815],{"citation":1187,"catalogue":15,"year":1062},{"citation":484,"catalogue":956,"year":271},{"citation":499,"catalogue":15,"year":99},{"citation":501,"catalogue":502,"year":119},{"citation":504,"catalogue":2814,"year":129},"no. 51 (shown in New York only)",{"citation":507,"catalogue":502,"year":152},"31 black painting ca. 1951 oil, newspaper, and printed paper on canvas approx. 78 3\u002F4 × 53 1\u002F4 in. (200 × 135.3 cm) collection of denise and andrew saul 52.011 verso not examined. untitled morton feldman, new york, purchase from the artist, 1953 denise and andrew saul, new york, purchase, march 20, 1987 (via larry gagosian gallery, new york) black paintings 1951 1951 solomon, alan r. robert rauschenberg . new york: jewish museum, 1963. exhibition catalogue no. 4, n.p. (ill.) johnston, jill. “reviews and previews: robert rauschenberg.” artnews 62, no. 3 (may 1963) p. 11 tomkins, calvin. “profiles: moving out.” new yorker 40, no. 2 (february 29, 1964) p. 39 forge, andrew. rauschenberg . new york: harry n. abrams, [1969] p. 173 (ill.) feldman, morton. “give my regards to eighth street.” art in america 59, no. 2 (march–april 1971) p. 96 forge, andrew. rauschenberg . new york: harry n. abrams, [1972] n.p. (pl. 3) feldman, morton. “crippled symmetry.” res:anthropology and aesthetics , no. 2 (autumn 1981) pp. 100 (ill.), 101 rauschenberg: the white and black paintings 1949–1952 . new york: larry gagosian gallery, 1986. exhibition catalogue n.p. feinstein, roni. “the early work of robert rauschenberg: the white paintings, the black paintings, and the elemental sculptures.” arts magazine (new york) 61, no. 1 (september 1986) pp. 29 (ill. [install]), 32 (ill.), 35 feinstein, roni. “random order: the first fifteen years of robert rauschenberg’s art, 1949–1964.” phd diss., new york university, 1990. proquest (303859753) p. 106, n.p. (figs. 24, 29 [install]) hopps, walter. robert rauschenberg: the early 1950s . houston: menil collection; houston fine art press, 1991. exhibition catalogue pp. 63, 68, 69 (fig. 31), 100, 153–54, 179 (pl. 106), 189 (pl. 116 [install]), as untitled [black painting with grid forms] hopps, walter, and susan davidson. robert rauschenberg: a retrospective . new york: solomon r. guggenheim foundation, 1997. exhibition catalogue no. 51, pp. 33, 44, 81 (pl. 51), as untitled [black painting with grid forms] joseph, branden w., ed.  robert rauschenberg .   cambridge, mass.: mit press, 2002 p. 74 (ill.), as untitled [black painting with grid forms] rosenthal, stephanie. black paintings . translated by büro sieveking. munich: haus der kunst; ostfildern, germany: hatje cantz, 2006. exhibition catalogue no. 18, p. 29 (pl. 18), as untitled (black painting with grid forms) (not exhibited) villars, chris, ed. morton feldman says: selected interviews and lectures 1964–1987 . london: hyphen, 2006 pp. 52, 227 dickerman, leah, and achim borchardt-hume. robert rauschenberg . new york: museum of modern art; london: tate publishing, 2016. exhibition catalogue pp. 57 (pl. 20), 112 (ill. [install]), as untitled (black painting) stable gallery, new york, rauschenberg: paintings and sculpture , september 15–october 3, 1953 jewish museum, new york, robert rauschenberg , march 31–may 12, 1963 no. 4 larry gagosian gallery, new york, rauschenberg: the white and black paintings 1949–1952 , april 18–may 31, 1986 corcoran gallery of art, washington, d.c., robert rauschenberg: the early 1950s , june 15–august 11, 1991. organized by menil collection, houston. traveled to menil collection, houston, september 27, 1991–january 5, 1992; museum of contemporary art chicago, february 8–april 19, 1992; san francisco museum of modern art, may 14–august 16, 1992; guggenheim museum soho, new york, october 24, 1992–january 24, 1993 (shown in new york only) solomon r. guggenheim museum, new york, robert rauschenberg: a retrospective , september 19, 1997–january 7, 1998 (also guggenheim museum soho, new york, september 19, 1997–january 4, 1998, and ace gallery, new york, september 19–november 9, 1997). traveled to menil collection, contemporary arts museum houston, and museum of fine arts, houston, february 13–may 17, 1998; museum ludwig, cologne (as robert rauschenberg: retrospektive ), june 27–october 11, 1998; museo guggenheim bilbao (as robert rauschenberg: retrospectiva ), november 21, 1998–march 7, 1999 no. 51 (shown in new york only) tate modern, london, robert rauschenberg , december 1, 2016–april 2, 2017. organized with museum of modern art, new york. traveled to museum of modern art, new york (as robert rauschenberg: among friends ), may 21–september 17, 2017; san francisco museum of modern art (as robert rauschenberg: erasing the rules ), november 18, 2017–march 25, 2018 (shown in new york only)",{"fieldData":2818,"portalData":2829,"recordId":2830,"modId":2831,"bibliographyItems":2832,"exhibitionItems":2841,"searchText":2845},{"pk_ArtworkID":2819,"Unique Impression ID":2820,"Artist":9,"Title":1957,"Display Date":2821,"zc_YearFirst":1836,"Medium":2461,"Dimensions":2822,"zf_WebPublished":15,"Series":1961,"Reg Number Text":2820,"fk_ArtworkSeriesID":1962,"zc_htmlTitle":1963,"Credit Line":1727,"zc_htmlCreditLine":1728,"CR_Inscriptions":15,"zc_htmlCRInscriptions":15,"TItle_Alternative":197,"zc_htmlTitleAlternative":201,"Studio":1046,"fk_StudioID":1047,"CR_Classification":19,"Public Notes":15,"CR_Provenance":2823,"zc_SortRegNo":1445,"zc_SortRegNo2":21,"zc_htmlCRPublicNotes":15,"zc_htmlCRProvenance":2824,"zc_CR_examDate":2825,"CR_followup":15,"zf_CR":22,"modificationTimestampAPI":2826,"cr_sequence_number":2827,"Search Year Start":1836,"Search Year Start Circa":15,"Search Year End":1836,"Search Year End Circa":22,"Year":2821,"CR Number":2828,"zf_CRpublished":22,"zf_nonextant":15},188,"52.012","ca. 1952","55 1\u002F8 × 36 3\u002F4 in. (140 × 93.3 cm)","Nicola Del Roscio, Rome\rFondazione Nicola Del Roscio, Rome, 2012\rPrivate collection, purchase, May 16, 2014 (via Craig F. Starr Gallery, New York)","\u003Cspan style=\"\" >Nicola Del Roscio, Rome\u003Cbr\u002F>Fondazione Nicola Del Roscio, Rome, 2012\u003Cbr\u002F>Private collection, purchase, May 16, 2014 (via Craig F. Starr Gallery, New York)\u003C\u002Fspan>","01\u002F23\u002F2023","06\u002F02\u002F2026 11:56:50",68,43,{},"91","498",[2833,2835,2837],{"pk":36,"citation":37,"mentions":2834,"year":39,"sort":40},"\u003Cspan style=\"\" >pp. 63, 68, 70, 98 (pl. 45), as \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"font-style:italic;\" >Untitled\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"\" > [black painting] (not exhibited)\u003C\u002Fspan>",{"pk":1631,"citation":1632,"mentions":2836,"year":146,"sort":447},"\u003Cspan style=\"\" >p. 109 (ill.), as \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"font-style:italic;\" >Untitled\u003C\u002Fspan>",{"pk":2838,"citation":2839,"mentions":2840,"year":1022,"sort":1023},1859,"\u003Cspan style=\"font-style:italic;\" >Robert Rauschenberg: The Fulton Street Studio, 1953–54\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"\" >. New York: Craig F. Starr Gallery, 2014. Exhibition catalogue\u003C\u002Fspan>","\u003Cspan style=\"\" >no. 2, n.p. (ill.), as \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"font-style:italic;\" >Untitled\u003C\u002Fspan>",[2842,2843],{"citation":1676,"catalogue":15,"year":146},{"citation":2844,"catalogue":1189,"year":1022},"\u003Cspan style=\"\" >Craig F. Starr Gallery, New York, \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"font-style:italic;\" >Robert Rauschenberg: The Fulton Street Studio, 1953–1954\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"\" >, April 4–May 23, 2014\u003C\u002Fspan>","43 black painting ca. 1952 oil and newspaper on canvas 55 1\u002F8 × 36 3\u002F4 in. (140 × 93.3 cm) private collection 52.012 untitled nicola del roscio, rome fondazione nicola del roscio, rome, 2012 private collection, purchase, may 16, 2014 (via craig f. starr gallery, new york) black paintings 1952 1952 hopps, walter. robert rauschenberg: the early 1950s . houston: menil collection; houston fine art press, 1991. exhibition catalogue pp. 63, 68, 70, 98 (pl. 45), as untitled [black painting] (not exhibited) the show is over . london: gagosian gallery, 2013. exhibition catalogue p. 109 (ill.), as untitled robert rauschenberg: the fulton street studio, 1953–54 . new york: craig f. starr gallery, 2014. exhibition catalogue no. 2, n.p. (ill.), as untitled gagosian gallery, london, the show is over , october 15–november 30, 2013 craig f. starr gallery, new york, robert rauschenberg: the fulton street studio, 1953–1954 , april 4–may 23, 2014 no. 2",{"fieldData":2847,"portalData":2861,"recordId":2862,"modId":2241,"bibliographyItems":2863,"exhibitionItems":2887,"searchText":2902},{"pk_ArtworkID":2238,"Unique Impression ID":2848,"Artist":9,"Title":2224,"Display Date":2110,"zc_YearFirst":1062,"Medium":2849,"Dimensions":2850,"zf_WebPublished":15,"Series":2227,"Reg Number Text":2848,"fk_ArtworkSeriesID":2228,"zc_htmlTitle":2229,"Credit Line":2851,"zc_htmlCreditLine":2852,"CR_Inscriptions":2853,"zc_htmlCRInscriptions":2854,"TItle_Alternative":15,"zc_htmlTitleAlternative":15,"Studio":15,"fk_StudioID":15,"CR_Classification":731,"Public Notes":15,"CR_Provenance":2855,"zc_SortRegNo":1445,"zc_SortRegNo2":21,"zc_htmlCRPublicNotes":15,"zc_htmlCRProvenance":2856,"zc_CR_examDate":2857,"CR_followup":2858,"zf_CR":22,"modificationTimestampAPI":2859,"cr_sequence_number":2860,"Search Year Start":1062,"Search Year Start Circa":22,"Search Year End":1062,"Search Year End Circa":22,"Year":2110,"CR Number":195,"zf_CRpublished":22,"zf_nonextant":15},"52.013","Wood box, dirt, paint, beads, pebbles, sticks, fabric, paper, and cicada","Box (closed): 1 3\u002F4 × 13 1\u002F4 × 3 3\u002F4 in. (4.4 × 33.5 × 9.4 cm)","Graphicstudio, University of South Florida, Tampa, Gift of Donald J. Saff","\u003Cspan style=\"\" >Graphicstudio, University of South Florida, Tampa, Gift of Donald J. Saff\u003C\u002Fspan>","Inscribed on bottom of box: RAUSCHENBERG \u002F ’51","\u003Cspan style=\"\" >Inscribed on bottom of box: \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"font-style:italic;\" >RAUSCHENBERG\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"\" > \u002F \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: 'Helvetica Neue';font-size: 13px;font-style:italic;\" >’\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"font-style:italic;\" >51\u003C\u002Fspan>","Rachel Rosenthal, New York, ca. 1953–54\rDonald J. and Ruth Saff, Oxford, Md., purchase, September 2003\rGraphicstudio, University of South Florida, Tampa, gift, 2021","\u003Cspan style=\"\" >Rachel Rosenthal, New York, ca. 1953–54\u003Cbr\u002F>Donald J. and Ruth Saff, Oxford, Md., purchase, September 2003\u003Cbr\u002F>Graphicstudio, University of South Florida, Tampa, gift, 2021\u003C\u002Fspan>","12\u002F03\u002F2024","December 3, 2024","10\u002F02\u002F2026 14:42:40",191,{},"92",[2864,2866,2868,2869,2871,2873,2875,2877,2879,2881],{"pk":102,"citation":103,"mentions":2865,"year":105,"sort":106},"\u003Cspan style=\"\" >p. 120, n.p. (fig. 37)\u003C\u002Fspan>",{"pk":36,"citation":37,"mentions":2867,"year":39,"sort":40},"\u003Cspan style=\"\" >pp. 115, 139 (pl. 86 [early state]), 143 (pl. 91)\u003C\u002Fspan>",{"pk":624,"citation":625,"mentions":2289,"year":113,"sort":627},{"pk":2293,"citation":2294,"mentions":2870,"year":639,"sort":640},"\u003Cspan style=\"\" >no. 75, p. 94 (pl. 75)\u003C\u002Fspan>",{"pk":374,"citation":375,"mentions":2872,"year":377,"sort":378},"\u003Cspan style=\"\" >no. 43, p. 74 (pl. 43)\u003C\u002Fspan>",{"pk":1147,"citation":1148,"mentions":2874,"year":1150,"sort":1151},"\u003Cspan style=\"\" >no. 9, p. 112 (ill.)\u003C\u002Fspan>",{"pk":2593,"citation":2594,"mentions":2876,"year":421,"sort":422},"\u003Cspan style=\"\" >p. 98 (ill.)\u003C\u002Fspan>",{"pk":2297,"citation":2298,"mentions":2878,"year":441,"sort":2300},"\u003Cspan style=\"\" >p. 468 (fig. 36 [early state])\u003C\u002Fspan>",{"pk":454,"citation":455,"mentions":2880,"year":187,"sort":188},"\u003Cspan style=\"\" >p. 82 (pl. 45)\u003C\u002Fspan>",{"pk":2882,"citation":2883,"mentions":2884,"year":2885,"sort":2886},6152,"\u003Cspan style=\"\" >Miller, Margaret, and Mark Fredricks. \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"font-style:italic;\" >Offset: Robert Rauschenberg at USF Graphicstudio\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"\" >. Tampa: Contemporary Art Museum, University of South Florida, 2024. Exhibition catalogue\u003C\u002Fspan>","\u003Cspan style=\"\" >pp. 2 (ill.), 4\u003C\u002Fspan>",2024,20240000,[2888,2890,2891,2892,2894,2895,2896,2897,2899,2900],{"citation":2256,"catalogue":2889,"year":1062},"(likely shown [early state])",{"citation":2259,"catalogue":2889,"year":1062},{"citation":501,"catalogue":15,"year":119},{"citation":2689,"catalogue":2893,"year":644},"no. 75",{"citation":504,"catalogue":2703,"year":129},{"citation":1425,"catalogue":1940,"year":1150},{"citation":2613,"catalogue":15,"year":431},{"citation":2898,"catalogue":566,"year":187},"\u003Cspan style=\"\" >Academy Art Museum, Easton, Md., \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"font-style:italic;\" >Robert Rauschenberg: ROCI Works from the National Gallery of Art\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"\" >, December 5, 2015–March 6, 2016\u003C\u002Fspan>",{"citation":507,"catalogue":1213,"year":152},{"citation":2901,"catalogue":15,"year":2885},"\u003Cspan style=\"\" >University of South Florida Contemporary Art Museum, Tampa, \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"font-style:italic;\" >Offset: Robert Rauschenberg at USF Graphicstudio\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"\" >, January 19–March 2, 2024\u003C\u002Fspan>","107 untitled ( scatole e feticci personali ) ca. 1953 wood box, dirt, paint, beads, pebbles, sticks, fabric, paper, and cicada box (closed): 1 3\u002F4 × 13 1\u002F4 × 3 3\u002F4 in. (4.4 × 33.5 × 9.4 cm) graphicstudio, university of south florida, tampa, gift of donald j. saff 52.013 inscribed on bottom of box: rauschenberg \u002F ’ 51 rachel rosenthal, new york, ca. 1953–54 donald j. and ruth saff, oxford, md., purchase, september 2003 graphicstudio, university of south florida, tampa, gift, 2021 scatole e feticci personali 1953 1953 feinstein, roni. “random order: the first fifteen years of robert rauschenberg’s art, 1949–1964.” phd diss., new york university, 1990. proquest (303859753) p. 120, n.p. (fig. 37) hopps, walter. robert rauschenberg: the early 1950s . houston: menil collection; houston fine art press, 1991. exhibition catalogue pp. 115, 139 (pl. 86 [early state]), 143 (pl. 91) camper, fred. “the unordered universe.” reader (chicago), march 27, 1992 sec. 1, p. 33 turrell, julia brown, ed. rauschenberg sculpture . fort worth, texas: modern art museum of fort worth, 1995. exhibition catalogue no. 75, p. 94 (pl. 75) hopps, walter, and susan davidson. robert rauschenberg: a retrospective . new york: solomon r. guggenheim foundation, 1997. exhibition catalogue no. 43, p. 74 (pl. 43) davidson, susan, and david white. rauschenberg . ferrara, italy: ferrara arte, 2004. exhibition catalogue no. 9, p. 112 (ill.) molesworth, helen. part object, part sculpture . columbus: wexner center for the arts, ohio state university; university park: pennsylvania state university press, 2005. exhibition catalogue p. 98 (ill.) cullinan, nicholas. “double exposure: robert rauschenberg’s and cy twombly’s roman holiday.” burlington magazine 150, no. 1264 (july 2008) p. 468 (fig. 36 [early state]) dickerman, leah, and achim borchardt-hume. robert rauschenberg . new york: museum of modern art; london: tate publishing, 2016. exhibition catalogue p. 82 (pl. 45) miller, margaret, and mark fredricks. offset: robert rauschenberg at usf graphicstudio . tampa: contemporary art museum, university of south florida, 2024. exhibition catalogue pp. 2 (ill.), 4 galleria d’arte contemporanea, florence, scatole e costruzioni contemplative di bob rauschenberg , opened march 14, 1953 (likely shown [early state]) galleria dell’obelisco, rome, bob rauschenberg: scatole e feticci personali , march 3–10, 1953 (likely shown [early state]) corcoran gallery of art, washington, d.c., robert rauschenberg: the early 1950s , june 15–august 11, 1991. organized by menil collection, houston. traveled to menil collection, houston, september 27, 1991–january 5, 1992; museum of contemporary art chicago, february 8–april 19, 1992; san francisco museum of modern art, may 14–august 16, 1992; guggenheim museum soho, new york, october 24, 1992–january 24, 1993 modern art museum of fort worth, texas, robert rauschenberg: sculpture , october 22–december 31, 1995. traveled to museum of contemporary art, north miami, fla., april 26–july 28, 1996 no. 75 solomon r. guggenheim museum, new york, robert rauschenberg: a retrospective , september 19, 1997–january 7, 1998 (also guggenheim museum soho, new york, september 19, 1997–january 4, 1998, and ace gallery, new york, september 19–november 9, 1997). traveled to menil collection, contemporary arts museum houston, and museum of fine arts, houston, february 13–may 17, 1998; museum ludwig, cologne (as robert rauschenberg: retrospektive ), june 27–october 11, 1998; museo guggenheim bilbao (as robert rauschenberg: retrospectiva ), november 21, 1998–march 7, 1999 no. 43 palazzo dei diamanti, ferrara, italy, rauschenberg , february 29–june 6, 2004 no. 9 wexner center for the arts, ohio state university, columbus, part object, part sculpture , october 30, 2005–february 26, 2006 academy art museum, easton, md., robert rauschenberg: roci works from the national gallery of art , december 5, 2015–march 6, 2016 (not in cat.) tate modern, london, robert rauschenberg , december 1, 2016–april 2, 2017. organized with museum of modern art, new york. traveled to museum of modern art, new york (as robert rauschenberg: among friends ), may 21–september 17, 2017; san francisco museum of modern art (as robert rauschenberg: erasing the rules ), november 18, 2017–march 25, 2018 (not shown in san francisco) university of south florida contemporary art museum, tampa, offset: robert rauschenberg at usf graphicstudio , january 19–march 2, 2024",{"fieldData":2904,"portalData":2913,"recordId":2914,"modId":2041,"bibliographyItems":2915,"exhibitionItems":2945,"searchText":2952},{"pk_ArtworkID":2905,"Unique Impression ID":2906,"Artist":9,"Title":1957,"Display Date":2709,"zc_YearFirst":1062,"Medium":2907,"Dimensions":2908,"zf_WebPublished":22,"Series":1961,"Reg Number Text":2906,"fk_ArtworkSeriesID":1962,"zc_htmlTitle":1963,"Credit Line":1727,"zc_htmlCreditLine":1728,"CR_Inscriptions":2761,"zc_htmlCRInscriptions":2762,"TItle_Alternative":197,"zc_htmlTitleAlternative":201,"Studio":15,"fk_StudioID":15,"CR_Classification":19,"Public Notes":15,"CR_Provenance":2909,"zc_SortRegNo":1445,"zc_SortRegNo2":21,"zc_htmlCRPublicNotes":15,"zc_htmlCRProvenance":2910,"zc_CR_examDate":588,"CR_followup":2765,"zf_CR":22,"modificationTimestampAPI":2911,"cr_sequence_number":2912,"Search Year Start":1062,"Search Year Start Circa":15,"Search Year End":1062,"Search Year End Circa":15,"Year":2709,"CR Number":116,"zf_CRpublished":22,"zf_nonextant":15},190,"52.014","Enamel, oil, and newspaper on canvas","51 3\u002F4 × 54 7\u002F8 in. (131.6 × 139.4 cm)","Carolyn and Earle Brown, New York, purchase from the artist, 1953\rPrivate collection, purchase, 1996 (via Matthew Marks Gallery, New York); promised gift to San Francisco Museum of Modern Art","\u003Cspan style=\"\" >Carolyn and Earle Brown, New York, purchase from the artist, 1953\u003Cbr\u002F>Private collection, purchase, 1996 (via Matthew Marks Gallery, New York); promised gift to San Francisco Museum of Modern Art\u003C\u002Fspan>","07\u002F31\u002F2026 17:10:15",130,{},"93",[2916,2918,2919,2921,2923,2925,2927,2929,2931,2933,2937,2939,2943],{"pk":294,"citation":295,"mentions":2917,"year":291,"sort":297},"\u003Cspan style=\"\" >p. 66\u003C\u002Fspan>",{"pk":30,"citation":31,"mentions":952,"year":33,"sort":34},{"pk":355,"citation":356,"mentions":2920,"year":99,"sort":358},"\u003Cspan style=\"\" >n.p. (pl. 8 [upside down])\u003C\u002Fspan>",{"pk":36,"citation":37,"mentions":2922,"year":39,"sort":40},"\u003Cspan style=\"\" >pp. 62–63, 68, 70, 100 (pl. 49 [early state]), 153, 177 (pl. 104), as \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"font-style:italic;\" >Untitled\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"\" > [black painting with portal form]\u003C\u002Fspan>",{"pk":2161,"citation":2162,"mentions":2924,"year":644,"sort":1616},"\u003Cspan style=\"\" >p. 56 (ill.), as \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"font-style:italic;\" >Sans titre (Black Painting) \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"\" >(not exhibited)\u003C\u002Fspan>",{"pk":374,"citation":375,"mentions":2926,"year":377,"sort":378},"\u003Cspan style=\"\" >no. 48, pp. 33, 44, 78 (pl. 48), as \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"font-style:italic;\" >Untitled\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"\" > [black painting with portal form] (not exhibited)\u003C\u002Fspan>",{"pk":667,"citation":668,"mentions":2928,"year":135,"sort":136},"\u003Cspan style=\"\" >pp. 54, 55 (fig. 18), 56, as \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"font-style:italic;\" >Untitled \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"\" >[black painting with portal form] \u003C\u002Fspan>",{"pk":424,"citation":425,"mentions":2930,"year":421,"sort":422},"\u003Cspan style=\"\" >pp. 96–97\u003C\u002Fspan>",{"pk":1787,"citation":1788,"mentions":2932,"year":431,"sort":432},"\u003Cspan style=\"\" >no. 17, pp. 31, 127 (pl. 17), as \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"font-style:italic;\" >Untitled (black painting with portal form)\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"\" > (not exhibited)\u003C\u002Fspan>",{"pk":2934,"citation":2935,"mentions":2936,"year":1794,"sort":2503},1748,"\u003Cspan style=\"\" >Brown, Carolyn. \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"font-style:italic;\" >Chance and Circumstance: Twenty Years with Cage and Cunningham\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"\" >. New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 2007\u003C\u002Fspan>","\u003Cspan style=\"\" >p. 86\u003C\u002Fspan>",{"pk":673,"citation":674,"mentions":2938,"year":676,"sort":677},"\u003Cspan style=\"\" >p. 147, as \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"font-style:italic;\" >Untitled \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"\" >[black painting with portal form] (not exhibited)\u003C\u002Fspan>",{"pk":2940,"citation":2941,"mentions":2942,"year":146,"sort":147},4166,"\u003Cspan style=\"\" >Thomas, James Merle. “Untitled [black painting with portal form].” Rauschenberg Research Project, San Francisco Museum of Modern Art, July 2013\u003C\u002Fspan>","\u003Cspan style=\"\" >(figs. 1, 2 [early state]), as \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"font-style:italic;\" >Untitled\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"\" > [black painting with portal form]\u003C\u002Fspan>",{"pk":454,"citation":455,"mentions":2944,"year":187,"sort":188},"\u003Cspan style=\"\" >p. 56 (pl. 19), as \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"font-style:italic;\" >Untitled (Black Painting)\u003C\u002Fspan>",[2946,2947,2948,2949,2951],{"citation":1187,"catalogue":15,"year":1062},{"citation":499,"catalogue":15,"year":99},{"citation":501,"catalogue":15,"year":119},{"citation":2950,"catalogue":15,"year":187},"\u003Cspan style=\"\" >San Francisco Museum of Modern Art, \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"font-style:italic;\" >The Campaign for Art: Modern and Contemporary\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"\" >, May 14–September 18, 2016\u003C\u002Fspan>",{"citation":507,"catalogue":1576,"year":152},"81 black painting 1953 enamel, oil, and newspaper on canvas 51 3\u002F4 × 54 7\u002F8 in. (131.6 × 139.4 cm) private collection 52.014 verso not examined. untitled carolyn and earle brown, new york, purchase from the artist, 1953 private collection, purchase, 1996 (via matthew marks gallery, new york); promised gift to san francisco museum of modern art black paintings 1953 1953 tomkins, calvin. “profiles: moving out.” new yorker 40, no. 2 (february 29, 1964) p. 66 tomkins, calvin.  off the wall: robert rauschenberg and the art world of our time . garden city, n.y.: doubleday, 1980 p. 107 rauschenberg: the white and black paintings 1949–1952 . new york: larry gagosian gallery, 1986. exhibition catalogue n.p. (pl. 8 [upside down]) hopps, walter. robert rauschenberg: the early 1950s . houston: menil collection; houston fine art press, 1991. exhibition catalogue pp. 62–63, 68, 70, 100 (pl. 49 [early state]), 153, 177 (pl. 104), as untitled [black painting with portal form] bois, yve-alain, and rosalind e. krauss. l’informe: mode d’emploi . paris: centre georges pompidou, 1996. exhibition catalogue p. 56 (ill.), as sans titre (black painting) (not exhibited) hopps, walter, and susan davidson. robert rauschenberg: a retrospective . new york: solomon r. guggenheim foundation, 1997. exhibition catalogue no. 48, pp. 33, 44, 78 (pl. 48), as untitled [black painting with portal form] (not exhibited) mattison, robert s.  robert rauschenberg: breaking boundaries . new haven, conn.: yale university press, 2003 pp. 54, 55 (fig. 18), 56, as untitled [black painting with portal form] tomkins, calvin. off the wall: a portrait of robert rauschenberg . new york: picador, 2005 pp. 96–97 rosenthal, stephanie. black paintings . translated by büro sieveking. munich: haus der kunst; ostfildern, germany: hatje cantz, 2006. exhibition catalogue no. 17, pp. 31, 127 (pl. 17), as untitled (black painting with portal form) (not exhibited) brown, carolyn.  chance and circumstance: twenty years with cage and cunningham . new york: alfred a. knopf, 2007 p. 86 bishop, janet, corey keller, and sarah roberts, eds. san francisco museum of modern art: 75 years of looking forward . san francisco: san francisco museum of modern art, 2009. exhibition catalogue p. 147, as untitled [black painting with portal form] (not exhibited) thomas, james merle. “untitled [black painting with portal form].” rauschenberg research project, san francisco museum of modern art, july 2013 (figs. 1, 2 [early state]), as untitled [black painting with portal form] dickerman, leah, and achim borchardt-hume. robert rauschenberg . new york: museum of modern art; london: tate publishing, 2016. exhibition catalogue p. 56 (pl. 19), as untitled (black painting) stable gallery, new york, rauschenberg: paintings and sculpture , september 15–october 3, 1953 larry gagosian gallery, new york, rauschenberg: the white and black paintings 1949–1952 , april 18–may 31, 1986 corcoran gallery of art, washington, d.c., robert rauschenberg: the early 1950s , june 15–august 11, 1991. organized by menil collection, houston. traveled to menil collection, houston, september 27, 1991–january 5, 1992; museum of contemporary art chicago, february 8–april 19, 1992; san francisco museum of modern art, may 14–august 16, 1992; guggenheim museum soho, new york, october 24, 1992–january 24, 1993 san francisco museum of modern art, the campaign for art: modern and contemporary , may 14–september 18, 2016 tate modern, london, robert rauschenberg , december 1, 2016–april 2, 2017. organized with museum of modern art, new york. traveled to museum of modern art, new york (as robert rauschenberg: among friends ), may 21–september 17, 2017; san francisco museum of modern art (as robert rauschenberg: erasing the rules ), november 18, 2017–march 25, 2018 (shown in san francisco only)",{"fieldData":2954,"portalData":2963,"recordId":2964,"modId":2965,"bibliographyItems":2966,"exhibitionItems":2987,"searchText":2995},{"pk_ArtworkID":2955,"Unique Impression ID":2956,"Artist":9,"Title":197,"Display Date":48,"zc_YearFirst":49,"Medium":2957,"Dimensions":2958,"zf_WebPublished":22,"Series":15,"Reg Number Text":2956,"fk_ArtworkSeriesID":15,"zc_htmlTitle":201,"Credit Line":725,"zc_htmlCreditLine":726,"CR_Inscriptions":15,"zc_htmlCRInscriptions":15,"TItle_Alternative":15,"zc_htmlTitleAlternative":15,"Studio":1046,"fk_StudioID":1047,"CR_Classification":731,"Public Notes":15,"CR_Provenance":2959,"zc_SortRegNo":1445,"zc_SortRegNo2":21,"zc_htmlCRPublicNotes":15,"zc_htmlCRProvenance":2960,"zc_CR_examDate":2961,"CR_followup":15,"zf_CR":22,"modificationTimestampAPI":2962,"cr_sequence_number":2348,"Search Year Start":49,"Search Year Start Circa":22,"Search Year End":49,"Search Year End Circa":22,"Year":48,"CR Number":1861,"zf_CRpublished":22,"zf_nonextant":15},192,"52.016","Wood-and-metal Coca-Cola crate, paint, mirrors, glass, film backing paper, and printed paper","18 3\u002F8 × 11 3\u002F4 × 4 1\u002F2 in. (46.7 × 29.8 × 11.4 cm)","Cy Twombly, gift of the artist, ca. 1951–52\r[The Menil Collection, Houston, long-term loan, 1993–2026]\rCy Twombly Foundation, bequest, 2011\r","\u003Cspan style=\"\" >Cy Twombly, gift of the artist, ca. 1951–52\u003Cbr\u002F>[The Menil Collection, Houston, long-term loan, 1993–2026]\u003Cbr\u002F>Cy Twombly Foundation, bequest, 2011\u003Cbr\u002F>\u003C\u002Fspan>","02\u002F09\u002F2023","08\u002F11\u002F2026 17:23:45",{},"95","488",[2967,2969,2971,2973,2975,2976,2981,2983,2985],{"pk":36,"citation":37,"mentions":2968,"year":39,"sort":40},"\u003Cspan style=\"\" >pp. 70–71, 103 (pl. 51)\u003C\u002Fspan>",{"pk":2246,"citation":2247,"mentions":2970,"year":39,"sort":2249},"\u003Cspan style=\"\" >“Zest” sec., p. 22, 22 (ill.)\u003C\u002Fspan>",{"pk":548,"citation":549,"mentions":2972,"year":39,"sort":551},"\u003Cspan style=\"\" >pp. 82 (ill.), 84\u003C\u002Fspan>",{"pk":553,"citation":554,"mentions":2974,"year":113,"sort":556},"\u003Cspan style=\"\" >sec. B, p. 6 (ill.)\u003C\u002Fspan>",{"pk":872,"citation":873,"mentions":15,"year":113,"sort":874},{"pk":2977,"citation":2978,"mentions":2979,"year":113,"sort":2980},5094,"\u003Cspan style=\"\" >Larson, Kay. “Zen and the Art.”\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"font-style:italic;\" > New York \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"\" >25, no. 45 (November 16, 1992)\u003C\u002Fspan>","\u003Cspan style=\"\" >p. 90\u003C\u002Fspan>",19921116,{"pk":2293,"citation":2294,"mentions":2982,"year":639,"sort":640},"\u003Cspan style=\"\" >no. 79, p. 98 (pl. 79)\u003C\u002Fspan>",{"pk":374,"citation":375,"mentions":2984,"year":377,"sort":378},"\u003Cspan style=\"\" >no. 24, p. 65 (pl. 24)\u003C\u002Fspan>",{"pk":454,"citation":455,"mentions":2986,"year":187,"sort":188},"\u003Cspan style=\"\" >pp. 53 (pl. 16), 66\u003C\u002Fspan>",[2988,2989,2991,2992,2993,2994],{"citation":501,"catalogue":15,"year":119},{"citation":2689,"catalogue":2990,"year":644},"no. 79",{"citation":504,"catalogue":1413,"year":129},{"citation":507,"catalogue":15,"year":152},{"citation":913,"catalogue":15,"year":468},{"citation":762,"catalogue":15,"year":760},"27 untitled ca. 1951 wood-and-metal coca-cola crate, paint, mirrors, glass, film backing paper, and printed paper 18 3\u002F8 × 11 3\u002F4 × 4 1\u002F2 in. (46.7 × 29.8 × 11.4 cm) cy twombly foundation 52.016 cy twombly, gift of the artist, ca. 1951–52 [the menil collection, houston, long-term loan, 1993–2026] cy twombly foundation, bequest, 2011 1951 1951 hopps, walter. robert rauschenberg: the early 1950s . houston: menil collection; houston fine art press, 1991. exhibition catalogue pp. 70–71, 103 (pl. 51) johnson, patricia c. “’50s unveiled: rauschenberg shows work new to public.” houston chronicle , september 29, 1991 “zest” sec., p. 22, 22 (ill.) ennis, michael. “a protean talent.” texas monthly 19, no. 11 (november 1991) pp. 82 (ill.), 84 bonetti, david. “rauschenberg: ’50s fervor at sfmoma.” san francisco examiner , may 14, 1992 sec. b, p. 6 (ill.) wiegenstein, roland h. “ein porträt des künstlers als junger mann.” frankfurter rundschau (frankfurt, germany), july 18, 1992 larson, kay. “zen and the art.” new york 25, no. 45 (november 16, 1992) p. 90 turrell, julia brown, ed. rauschenberg sculpture . fort worth, texas: modern art museum of fort worth, 1995. exhibition catalogue no. 79, p. 98 (pl. 79) hopps, walter, and susan davidson. robert rauschenberg: a retrospective . new york: solomon r. guggenheim foundation, 1997. exhibition catalogue no. 24, p. 65 (pl. 24) dickerman, leah, and achim borchardt-hume. robert rauschenberg . new york: museum of modern art; london: tate publishing, 2016. exhibition catalogue pp. 53 (pl. 16), 66 corcoran gallery of art, washington, d.c., robert rauschenberg: the early 1950s , june 15–august 11, 1991. organized by menil collection, houston. traveled to menil collection, houston, september 27, 1991–january 5, 1992; museum of contemporary art chicago, february 8–april 19, 1992; san francisco museum of modern art, may 14–august 16, 1992; guggenheim museum soho, new york, october 24, 1992–january 24, 1993 modern art museum of fort worth, texas, robert rauschenberg: sculpture , october 22–december 31, 1995. traveled to museum of contemporary art, north miami, fla., april 26–july 28, 1996 no. 79 solomon r. guggenheim museum, new york, robert rauschenberg: a retrospective , september 19, 1997–january 7, 1998 (also guggenheim museum soho, new york, september 19, 1997–january 4, 1998, and ace gallery, new york, september 19–november 9, 1997). traveled to menil collection, contemporary arts museum houston, and museum of fine arts, houston, february 13–may 17, 1998; museum ludwig, cologne (as robert rauschenberg: retrospektive ), june 27–october 11, 1998; museo guggenheim bilbao (as robert rauschenberg: retrospectiva ), november 21, 1998–march 7, 1999 no. 24 tate modern, london, robert rauschenberg , december 1, 2016–april 2, 2017. organized with museum of modern art, new york. traveled to museum of modern art, new york (as robert rauschenberg: among friends ), may 21–september 17, 2017; san francisco museum of modern art (as robert rauschenberg: erasing the rules ), november 18, 2017–march 25, 2018 menil collection, houston, the curatorial imagination of walter hopps , march 24–august 13, 2023 gagosian gallery, new york, robert rauschenberg: important early works from the cy twombly foundation , april 25–september 26, 2026",{"fieldData":2997,"portalData":3009,"recordId":3010,"modId":1972,"bibliographyItems":3011,"exhibitionItems":3026,"searchText":3039},{"pk_ArtworkID":2998,"Unique Impression ID":2999,"Artist":9,"Title":2224,"Display Date":2338,"zc_YearFirst":1836,"Medium":3000,"Dimensions":3001,"zf_WebPublished":15,"Series":2227,"Reg Number Text":2999,"fk_ArtworkSeriesID":2228,"zc_htmlTitle":2229,"Credit Line":923,"zc_htmlCreditLine":924,"CR_Inscriptions":3002,"zc_htmlCRInscriptions":3003,"TItle_Alternative":15,"zc_htmlTitleAlternative":15,"Studio":15,"fk_StudioID":15,"CR_Classification":731,"Public Notes":15,"CR_Provenance":3004,"zc_SortRegNo":1445,"zc_SortRegNo2":21,"zc_htmlCRPublicNotes":15,"zc_htmlCRProvenance":3005,"zc_CR_examDate":3006,"CR_followup":15,"zf_CR":22,"modificationTimestampAPI":3007,"cr_sequence_number":3008,"Search Year Start":1836,"Search Year Start Circa":15,"Search Year End":1836,"Search Year End Circa":15,"Year":2338,"CR Number":85,"zf_CRpublished":22,"zf_nonextant":15},193,"52.017","Wood box, paint, twig, and beetle","Box (closed): 1 1\u002F2 × 3 × 2 1\u002F8 in. (3.9 × 7.5 × 5.3 cm)","Inscribed on bottom of box: RAUSCHENBERG 1952","\u003Cspan style=\"\" >Inscribed on bottom of box: \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"font-style:italic;\" >RAUSCHENBERG 1952\u003C\u002Fspan>","Cy Twombly\rRobert Petersen, gift, 1970s\rRobert Rauschenberg, October 2, 1990\rRobert Rauschenberg Foundation, New York, bequest, 2008","\u003Cspan style=\"\" >Cy Twombly\u003Cbr\u002F>Robert Petersen, gift, 1970s\u003Cbr\u002F>Robert Rauschenberg, October 2, 1990\u003Cbr\u002F>Robert Rauschenberg Foundation, New York, bequest, 2008\u003C\u002Fspan>","1\u002F24\u002F2023","10\u002F02\u002F2026 14:43:04",73,{},"96",[3012,3014,3019,3021,3022,3024],{"pk":36,"citation":37,"mentions":3013,"year":39,"sort":40},"\u003Cspan style=\"\" >pp. 139 (pl. 86), 144 (pl. 92)\u003C\u002Fspan>",{"pk":3015,"citation":3016,"mentions":3017,"year":1421,"sort":3018},1875,"\u003Cspan style=\"font-style:italic;\" >Worlds in a Box\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"\" >. London: South Bank Centre, 1994. Exhibition catalogue\u003C\u002Fspan>","\u003Cspan style=\"\" >no. 106, p. 94\u003C\u002Fspan>",19940000,{"pk":2589,"citation":2590,"mentions":3020,"year":421,"sort":422},"\u003Cspan style=\"\" >no. 591, pp. 272 (ill.), 409\u003C\u002Fspan>",{"pk":2297,"citation":2298,"mentions":2299,"year":441,"sort":2300},{"pk":454,"citation":455,"mentions":3023,"year":187,"sort":188},"\u003Cspan style=\"\" >p. 85 (pl. 52)\u003C\u002Fspan>",{"pk":2677,"citation":2678,"mentions":3025,"year":474,"sort":475},"\u003Cspan style=\"\" >pp. 16, 29 (ill.), 30–31 (ill. [detail])\u003C\u002Fspan>",[3027,3028,3029,3030,3033,3034,3036,3037,3038],{"citation":2256,"catalogue":2305,"year":1062},{"citation":2259,"catalogue":2305,"year":1062},{"citation":501,"catalogue":15,"year":119},{"citation":3031,"catalogue":3032,"year":639},"\u003Cspan style=\"\" >City Art Centre, Edinburgh, \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"font-style:italic;\" >Worlds in a Box\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"\" >, May 28–July 16, 1994. Traveled to Graves Art Gallery, Sheffield, U.K., July 30–September 24, 1994; Sainsbury Centre for Visual Arts, University of East Anglia, Norwich, U.K., October 10–November 30, 1994; Whitechapel Art Gallery, London, December 9, 1994–February 12, 1995\u003C\u002Fspan>","no. 106",{"citation":2689,"catalogue":566,"year":644},{"citation":2610,"catalogue":3035,"year":421},"no. 591 (shown in Barcelona only)",{"citation":507,"catalogue":15,"year":152},{"citation":2700,"catalogue":15,"year":474},{"citation":960,"catalogue":15,"year":760},"46 untitled ( scatole e feticci personali ) 1952 wood box, paint, twig, and beetle box (closed): 1 1\u002F2 × 3 × 2 1\u002F8 in. (3.9 × 7.5 × 5.3 cm) robert rauschenberg foundation, new york 52.017 inscribed on bottom of box: rauschenberg 1952 cy twombly robert petersen, gift, 1970s robert rauschenberg, october 2, 1990 robert rauschenberg foundation, new york, bequest, 2008 scatole e feticci personali 1952 1952 hopps, walter. robert rauschenberg: the early 1950s . houston: menil collection; houston fine art press, 1991. exhibition catalogue pp. 139 (pl. 86), 144 (pl. 92) worlds in a box . london: south bank centre, 1994. exhibition catalogue no. 106, p. 94 chevrier, jean-françois. art and utopia: limited action . barcelona: museu d’art contemporani de barcelona, 2005. exhibition catalogue no. 591, pp. 272 (ill.), 409 cullinan, nicholas. “double exposure: robert rauschenberg’s and cy twombly’s roman holiday.” burlington magazine 150, no. 1264 (july 2008) p. 468 (fig. 36) dickerman, leah, and achim borchardt-hume. robert rauschenberg . new york: museum of modern art; london: tate publishing, 2016. exhibition catalogue p. 85 (pl. 52) robert rauschenberg: sympathy for abandoned objects. new york: gladstone, 2025. exhibition catalogue pp. 16, 29 (ill.), 30–31 (ill. [detail]) galleria d’arte contemporanea, florence, scatole e costruzioni contemplative di bob rauschenberg , opened march 14, 1953 (likely shown) galleria dell’obelisco, rome, bob rauschenberg: scatole e feticci personali , march 3–10, 1953 (likely shown) corcoran gallery of art, washington, d.c., robert rauschenberg: the early 1950s , june 15–august 11, 1991. organized by menil collection, houston. traveled to menil collection, houston, september 27, 1991–january 5, 1992; museum of contemporary art chicago, february 8–april 19, 1992; san francisco museum of modern art, may 14–august 16, 1992; guggenheim museum soho, new york, october 24, 1992–january 24, 1993 city art centre, edinburgh, worlds in a box , may 28–july 16, 1994. traveled to graves art gallery, sheffield, u.k., july 30–september 24, 1994; sainsbury centre for visual arts, university of east anglia, norwich, u.k., october 10–november 30, 1994; whitechapel art gallery, london, december 9, 1994–february 12, 1995 no. 106 modern art museum of fort worth, texas, robert rauschenberg: sculpture , october 22–december 31, 1995. traveled to museum of contemporary art, north miami, fla., april 26–july 28, 1996 (not in cat.) museu d’art contemporani de barcelona, art i utopia: l’acció restringida ( arte y utopía: la acción restringida\u002Fart and utopia: action restricted ), june 3–september 12, 2004. traveled to musée des beaux-arts de nantes, france (as l’action restreinte: l’art moderne selon mallarmé ), april 8–july 3, 2005 no. 591 (shown in barcelona only) tate modern, london, robert rauschenberg , december 1, 2016–april 2, 2017. organized with museum of modern art, new york. traveled to museum of modern art, new york (as robert rauschenberg: among friends ), may 21–september 17, 2017; san francisco museum of modern art (as robert rauschenberg: erasing the rules ), november 18, 2017–march 25, 2018 gladstone, new york, robert rauschenberg: sympathy for abandoned objects , may 1–june 14, 2025 nasher sculpture center, dallas, rauschenberg sculpture , january 31–april 26, 2026",{"fieldData":3041,"portalData":3056,"recordId":3057,"modId":3058,"bibliographyItems":3059,"exhibitionItems":3066,"searchText":3072},{"pk_ArtworkID":3042,"Unique Impression ID":3043,"Artist":9,"Title":1957,"Display Date":2338,"zc_YearFirst":1836,"Medium":3044,"Dimensions":3045,"zf_WebPublished":22,"Series":1961,"Reg Number Text":3043,"fk_ArtworkSeriesID":1962,"zc_htmlTitle":1963,"Credit Line":3046,"zc_htmlCreditLine":3047,"CR_Inscriptions":3048,"zc_htmlCRInscriptions":3049,"TItle_Alternative":197,"zc_htmlTitleAlternative":201,"Studio":1046,"fk_StudioID":1047,"CR_Classification":19,"Public Notes":15,"CR_Provenance":3050,"zc_SortRegNo":1445,"zc_SortRegNo2":21,"zc_htmlCRPublicNotes":15,"zc_htmlCRProvenance":3051,"zc_CR_examDate":3052,"CR_followup":2765,"zf_CR":22,"modificationTimestampAPI":3053,"cr_sequence_number":3054,"Search Year Start":1836,"Search Year Start Circa":15,"Search Year End":1836,"Search Year End Circa":15,"Year":2338,"CR Number":3055,"zf_CRpublished":22,"zf_nonextant":15},194,"52.018","Ink, watercolor, newspaper, and tracing paper on paperboard","26 7\u002F8 × 21 1\u002F8 in. (68.3 × 53.6 cm)","The Menil Collection, Houston, Promised gift from the Collection of Louisa Stude Sarofim","\u003Cspan style=\"\" >The Menil Collection, Houston, Promised gift from the Collection of Louisa Stude Sarofim\u003C\u002Fspan>","Inscribed, lower left: RAUSCHENBERG 52; verso not examined\r","\u003Cspan style=\"\" >Inscribed, lower left: \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"font-style:italic;\" >RAUSCHENBERG 52\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"\" >; verso not examined\u003Cbr\u002F>\u003C\u002Fspan>","Jack Tworkov, New York, gift of the artist, 1952\rRachel “Wally” Tworkov, New York, by descent, 1982\rEstate of Rachel \"Wally\" Tworkov, 1991\rHelen Tworkov, New York, by descent, ca. 1991\r[Sotheby’s, New York, May 2, 1995, lot 8, bought in]\rLouisa Stude Sarofim, Houston, purchase, June 1995 (via Matthew Marks Gallery, New York); promised gift to the Menil Collection, Houston","\u003Cspan style=\"\" >Jack Tworkov, New York, gift of the artist, 1952\u003Cbr\u002F>Rachel “Wally” Tworkov, New York, by descent, 1982\u003Cbr\u002F>Estate of Rachel "Wally" Tworkov, 1991\u003Cbr\u002F>Helen Tworkov, New York, by descent, ca. 1991\u003Cbr\u002F>[Sotheby’s, New York, May 2, 1995, lot 8, bought in]\u003Cbr\u002F>Louisa Stude Sarofim, Houston, purchase, June 1995 (via Matthew Marks Gallery, New York); promised gift to the Menil Collection, Houston\u003C\u002Fspan>","2\u002F14\u002F2024","09\u002F29\u002F2026 12:33:30",64,41,{},"97","497",[3060,3062,3064],{"pk":36,"citation":37,"mentions":3061,"year":39,"sort":40},"\u003Cspan style=\"\" >pp. 63, 68–69, 97 (pl. 44) as \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"font-style:italic;\" >Untitled \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"\" >[black painting on paper]\u003C\u002Fspan>",{"pk":1787,"citation":1788,"mentions":3063,"year":431,"sort":432},"\u003Cspan style=\"\" >no. 10, p. 123 (pl. 10), as \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"font-style:italic;\" >Untitled (black painting on paper)\u003C\u002Fspan>",{"pk":2070,"citation":2071,"mentions":3065,"year":141,"sort":2073},"\u003Cspan style=\"\" >p. 183 (pl. 11), as \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"font-style:italic;\" >Untitled \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"\" >[Black Painting on Paper]\u003C\u002Fspan>",[3067,3068,3070],{"citation":501,"catalogue":15,"year":119},{"citation":1793,"catalogue":3069,"year":1794},"no. 10",{"citation":3071,"catalogue":15,"year":573},"\u003Cspan style=\"\" >Menil Collection, Houston, \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"font-style:italic;\" >The Beginning of Everything: Drawings from the Janie C. Lee, Louisa Stude Sarofim, and David Whitney Collections\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"\" >, February 24–June 18, 2017\u003C\u002Fspan>","41 black painting 1952 ink, watercolor, newspaper, and tracing paper on paperboard 26 7\u002F8 × 21 1\u002F8 in. (68.3 × 53.6 cm) the menil collection, houston, promised gift from the collection of louisa stude sarofim 52.018 inscribed, lower left: rauschenberg 52 ; verso not examined untitled jack tworkov, new york, gift of the artist, 1952 rachel “wally” tworkov, new york, by descent, 1982 estate of rachel "wally" tworkov, 1991 helen tworkov, new york, by descent, ca. 1991 [sotheby’s, new york, may 2, 1995, lot 8, bought in] louisa stude sarofim, houston, purchase, june 1995 (via matthew marks gallery, new york); promised gift to the menil collection, houston black paintings 1952 1952 hopps, walter. robert rauschenberg: the early 1950s . houston: menil collection; houston fine art press, 1991. exhibition catalogue pp. 63, 68–69, 97 (pl. 44) as untitled [black painting on paper] rosenthal, stephanie. black paintings . translated by büro sieveking. munich: haus der kunst; ostfildern, germany: hatje cantz, 2006. exhibition catalogue no. 10, p. 123 (pl. 10), as untitled (black painting on paper) boaden, james. “black painting (with asheville citizen).” art history 34, no. 1 (february 2011) p. 183 (pl. 11), as untitled [black painting on paper] corcoran gallery of art, washington, d.c., robert rauschenberg: the early 1950s , june 15–august 11, 1991. organized by menil collection, houston. traveled to menil collection, houston, september 27, 1991–january 5, 1992; museum of contemporary art chicago, february 8–april 19, 1992; san francisco museum of modern art, may 14–august 16, 1992; guggenheim museum soho, new york, october 24, 1992–january 24, 1993 haus der kunst, munich, black paintings: robert rauschenberg, ad reinhardt, mark rothko, frank stella , september 15, 2006–january 14, 2007 no. 10 menil collection, houston, the beginning of everything: drawings from the janie c. lee, louisa stude sarofim, and david whitney collections , february 24–june 18, 2017",{"fieldData":3074,"portalData":3089,"recordId":3090,"modId":3091,"bibliographyItems":3092,"exhibitionItems":3128,"searchText":3143},{"pk_ArtworkID":3075,"Unique Impression ID":3076,"Artist":9,"Title":1957,"Display Date":2338,"zc_YearFirst":1836,"Medium":3077,"Dimensions":3078,"zf_WebPublished":22,"Series":1961,"Reg Number Text":3076,"fk_ArtworkSeriesID":1962,"zc_htmlTitle":1963,"Credit Line":3079,"zc_htmlCreditLine":3080,"CR_Inscriptions":3081,"zc_htmlCRInscriptions":3082,"TItle_Alternative":197,"zc_htmlTitleAlternative":201,"Studio":1046,"fk_StudioID":1047,"CR_Classification":19,"Public Notes":15,"CR_Provenance":3083,"zc_SortRegNo":1445,"zc_SortRegNo2":21,"zc_htmlCRPublicNotes":15,"zc_htmlCRProvenance":3084,"zc_CR_examDate":3085,"CR_followup":15,"zf_CR":22,"modificationTimestampAPI":3086,"cr_sequence_number":3087,"Search Year Start":1836,"Search Year Start Circa":15,"Search Year End":1836,"Search Year End Circa":15,"Year":2338,"CR Number":3088,"zf_CRpublished":22,"zf_nonextant":15},195,"52.019","Paint, watercolor, newspaper, and paper on paper","22 × 16 7\u002F8 in. (55.8 × 42.9 cm)","Private collection, New York","\u003Cspan style=\"\" >Private collection, New York\u003C\u002Fspan>","Inscribed, lower left: RAUSCHENBERG 52","\u003Cspan style=\"\" >Inscribed, lower left: \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"font-style:italic;\" >RAUSCHENBERG 52\u003C\u002Fspan>","Jack Tworkov, New York, gift of the artist, 1952\rRachel “Wally” Tworkov, New York, by descent, 1982\rEstate of Rachel \"Wally\" Tworkov, 1991\rHelen Tworkov, New York, by descent, ca. 1991\rPrivate collection, New York, purchase, 2023 (via David Zwirner Gallery, New York); promised gift to the Museum of Modern Art, New York","\u003Cspan style=\"\" >Jack Tworkov, New York, gift of the artist, 1952\u003Cbr\u002F>Rachel “Wally” Tworkov, New York, by descent, 1982\u003Cbr\u002F>Estate of Rachel "Wally" Tworkov, 1991\u003Cbr\u002F>Helen Tworkov, New York, by descent, ca. 1991\u003Cbr\u002F>Private collection, New York, purchase, 2023 (via David Zwirner Gallery, New York); promised gift to the Museum of Modern Art, New York\u003C\u002Fspan>","10\u002F19\u002F2023","07\u002F31\u002F2026 14:47:46",63,40,{},"98","493",[3093,3095,3097,3099,3101,3103,3107,3109,3111,3115,3119,3123],{"pk":96,"citation":97,"mentions":3094,"year":99,"sort":100},"\u003Cspan style=\"\" >p. 35\u003C\u002Fspan>",{"pk":102,"citation":103,"mentions":3096,"year":105,"sort":106},"\u003Cspan style=\"\" >p. 109, n.p. (fig. 27)\u003C\u002Fspan>",{"pk":36,"citation":37,"mentions":3098,"year":39,"sort":40},"\u003Cspan style=\"\" >pp. 63, 68–69, 96 (pl. 43), as \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"font-style:italic;\" >Untitled\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"\" > [black painting on paper]\u003C\u002Fspan>",{"pk":122,"citation":123,"mentions":3100,"year":119,"sort":120},"\u003Cspan style=\"\" >pp. xvi, 173, as \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"font-style:italic;\" >Untitled \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"\" >[black painting on paper]\u003C\u002Fspan>",{"pk":1988,"citation":1989,"mentions":3102,"year":119,"sort":120},"\u003Cspan style=\"\" >p. 22, as \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"font-style:italic;\" >Untitled\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"\" > [black painting on paper] (not exhibited)\u003C\u002Fspan>",{"pk":3104,"citation":3105,"mentions":3106,"year":644,"sort":1616},6190,"\u003Cspan style=\"font-style:italic;\" >Open Secrets: Seventy Pictures on Paper 1815 to the Present\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"\" >. San Francisco: Fraenkel Gallery; New York: Matthew Marks Gallery, 1996. Exhibition catalogue\u003C\u002Fspan>","\u003Cspan style=\"\" >n.p. (pl. 61), as \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"font-style:italic;\" >Untitled \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"\" >(\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"font-style:italic;\" >Black Painting on Paper\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"\" >)\u003C\u002Fspan>",{"pk":1270,"citation":1271,"mentions":3108,"year":421,"sort":422},"\u003Cspan style=\"\" >p. 115\u003C\u002Fspan>",{"pk":1787,"citation":1788,"mentions":3110,"year":431,"sort":432},"\u003Cspan style=\"\" >no. 9, p. 122 (pl. 9), \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"font-style:italic;\" >Untitled (black painting on paper)\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"\" > (not exhibited)\u003C\u002Fspan>",{"pk":3112,"citation":3113,"mentions":3114,"year":141,"sort":142},1664,"\u003Cspan style=\"font-style:italic;\" >Jack Tworkov: Accident of Choice; The Artist at Black Mountain College 1952\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"\" >. Asheville, N.C.: Black Mountain College Museum + Arts Center, 2011. Exhibition catalogue\u003C\u002Fspan>","\u003Cspan style=\"\" >p. 87 (ill.), as \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"font-style:italic;\" >Untitled (black painting on paper)\u003C\u002Fspan>",{"pk":3116,"citation":3117,"mentions":3118,"year":187,"sort":188},2116,"\u003Cspan style=\"\" >Edwards, Adrienne. \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"font-style:italic;\" >Blackness in Abstraction\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"\" >. New York: Pace Gallery, 2016. Exhibition catalogue\u003C\u002Fspan>","\u003Cspan style=\"\" >pp. 148, 149 (ill.), as \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"font-style:italic;\" >Untitled (black painting on paper with collage)\u003C\u002Fspan>",{"pk":3120,"citation":3121,"mentions":3122,"year":187,"sort":188},2152,"\u003Cspan style=\"font-style:italic;\" >Artists and Lovers\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"\" >. London: Ordovas, 2016. Exhibition catalogue\u003C\u002Fspan>","\u003Cspan style=\"\" >pp. 114, 117 (ill.), 120, 127 (ill.), 140, as \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"font-style:italic;\" >Untitled (black painting on paper with collage)\u003C\u002Fspan>",{"pk":3124,"citation":3125,"mentions":3126,"year":1019,"sort":3127},4171,"\u003Cspan style=\"font-style:italic;\" >Lost in Italy\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"\" >. London: Luxembourg + Co., 2021. Exhibition catalogue\u003C\u002Fspan>","\u003Cspan style=\"\" >pp. 44 (ill. [install]), 49 (ill.), 72 (ill. [install]), as \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"font-style:italic;\" >Untitled (black painting on paper)\u003C\u002Fspan>",20210000,[3129,3130,3132,3133,3135,3137,3139,3141],{"citation":501,"catalogue":15,"year":119},{"citation":3131,"catalogue":15,"year":377},"\u003Cspan style=\"\" >Matthew Marks Gallery, New York, \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"font-style:italic;\" >Open Secrets: Seventy Pictures on Paper 1815 to the Present\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"\" >, November 19–December 28, 1996. Traveled to Fraenkel Gallery, San Francisco, January 16–March 1, 1997\u003C\u002Fspan>",{"citation":1310,"catalogue":15,"year":431},{"citation":3134,"catalogue":15,"year":141},"\u003Cspan style=\"\" >Black Mountain College Museum + Arts Center, Asheville, N.C., \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"font-style:italic;\" >Jack Tworkov: Accident of Choice; The Artist at Black Mountain College 1952\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"\" >, June 17–September 17, 2011\u003C\u002Fspan>",{"citation":3136,"catalogue":15,"year":561},"\u003Cspan style=\"\" >Sundaram Tagore Gallery, New York, \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"font-style:italic;\" >Edith Schloss: Still Life, Myths, and Mountains, A Retrospective\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"\" >, February 26–March 28, 2015. Organized with Norte Maar for Collaborative Projects in the Arts, Brooklyn, N.Y.\u003C\u002Fspan>",{"citation":3138,"catalogue":15,"year":187},"\u003Cspan style=\"\" >Pace Gallery, New York, \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"font-style:italic;\" >Blackness in Abstraction\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"\" >, June 24–August 19, 2016\u003C\u002Fspan>",{"citation":3140,"catalogue":15,"year":573},"\u003Cspan style=\"\" >Ordovas, London, \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"font-style:italic;\" >Artists and Lovers\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"\" >, September 16–October 29, 2016. Traveled to Ordovas, New York, November 4, 2016–January 7, 2017\u003C\u002Fspan>",{"citation":3142,"catalogue":15,"year":1019},"\u003Cspan style=\"\" >Luxembourg + Co., London, \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"font-style:italic;\" >Lost in Italy\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"\" >, May 6–July 24, 2021\u003C\u002Fspan>","40 black painting 1952 paint, watercolor, newspaper, and paper on paper 22 × 16 7\u002F8 in. (55.8 × 42.9 cm) private collection, new york 52.019 inscribed, lower left: rauschenberg 52 untitled jack tworkov, new york, gift of the artist, 1952 rachel “wally” tworkov, new york, by descent, 1982 estate of rachel "wally" tworkov, 1991 helen tworkov, new york, by descent, ca. 1991 private collection, new york, purchase, 2023 (via david zwirner gallery, new york); promised gift to the museum of modern art, new york black paintings 1952 1952 feinstein, roni. “the early work of robert rauschenberg: the white paintings, the black paintings, and the elemental sculptures.” arts magazine (new york) 61, no. 1 (september 1986) p. 35 feinstein, roni. “random order: the first fifteen years of robert rauschenberg’s art, 1949–1964.” phd diss., new york university, 1990. proquest (303859753) p. 109, n.p. (fig. 27) hopps, walter. robert rauschenberg: the early 1950s . houston: menil collection; houston fine art press, 1991. exhibition catalogue pp. 63, 68–69, 96 (pl. 43), as untitled [black painting on paper] wainwright, lisa. “reading junk: thematic imagery in the art of robert rauschenberg from 1952 to 1964.” phd diss., university of illinois, urbana-champaign, 1993. proquest (304050074) pp. xvi, 173, as untitled [black painting on paper] celant, germano, ed. roma–new york, 1948–1964: an art exploration. milan: charta, 1993. exhibition catalogue p. 22, as untitled [black painting on paper] (not exhibited) open secrets: seventy pictures on paper 1815 to the present . san francisco: fraenkel gallery; new york: matthew marks gallery, 1996. exhibition catalogue n.p. (pl. 61), as untitled ( black painting on paper ) starting at zero: black mountain college 1933–57 . bristol: arnolfini; cambridge, u.k.: kettle’s yard, 2005. exhibition catalogue p. 115 rosenthal, stephanie. black paintings . translated by büro sieveking. munich: haus der kunst; ostfildern, germany: hatje cantz, 2006. exhibition catalogue no. 9, p. 122 (pl. 9), untitled (black painting on paper) (not exhibited) jack tworkov: accident of choice; the artist at black mountain college 1952 . asheville, n.c.: black mountain college museum + arts center, 2011. exhibition catalogue p. 87 (ill.), as untitled (black painting on paper) edwards, adrienne. blackness in abstraction . new york: pace gallery, 2016. exhibition catalogue pp. 148, 149 (ill.), as untitled (black painting on paper with collage) artists and lovers . london: ordovas, 2016. exhibition catalogue pp. 114, 117 (ill.), 120, 127 (ill.), 140, as untitled (black painting on paper with collage) lost in italy . london: luxembourg + co., 2021. exhibition catalogue pp. 44 (ill. [install]), 49 (ill.), 72 (ill. [install]), as untitled (black painting on paper) corcoran gallery of art, washington, d.c., robert rauschenberg: the early 1950s , june 15–august 11, 1991. organized by menil collection, houston. traveled to menil collection, houston, september 27, 1991–january 5, 1992; museum of contemporary art chicago, february 8–april 19, 1992; san francisco museum of modern art, may 14–august 16, 1992; guggenheim museum soho, new york, october 24, 1992–january 24, 1993 matthew marks gallery, new york, open secrets: seventy pictures on paper 1815 to the present , november 19–december 28, 1996. traveled to fraenkel gallery, san francisco, january 16–march 1, 1997 arnolfini, bristol, starting at zero: black mountain college 1933–57 , november 5, 2005–january 15, 2006. traveled to kettle’s yard, cambridge, u.k., january 28–april 2, 2006 black mountain college museum + arts center, asheville, n.c., jack tworkov: accident of choice; the artist at black mountain college 1952 , june 17–september 17, 2011 sundaram tagore gallery, new york, edith schloss: still life, myths, and mountains, a retrospective , february 26–march 28, 2015. organized with norte maar for collaborative projects in the arts, brooklyn, n.y. pace gallery, new york, blackness in abstraction , june 24–august 19, 2016 ordovas, london, artists and lovers , september 16–october 29, 2016. traveled to ordovas, new york, november 4, 2016–january 7, 2017 luxembourg + co., london, lost in italy , may 6–july 24, 2021",{"fieldData":3145,"portalData":3157,"recordId":3158,"modId":3159,"bibliographyItems":3160,"exhibitionItems":3186,"searchText":3197},{"pk_ArtworkID":3146,"Unique Impression ID":3147,"Artist":9,"Title":2224,"Display Date":2110,"zc_YearFirst":1062,"Medium":3148,"Dimensions":3149,"zf_WebPublished":15,"Series":2227,"Reg Number Text":3147,"fk_ArtworkSeriesID":2228,"zc_htmlTitle":2229,"Credit Line":3150,"zc_htmlCreditLine":3151,"CR_Inscriptions":15,"zc_htmlCRInscriptions":15,"TItle_Alternative":15,"zc_htmlTitleAlternative":15,"Studio":15,"fk_StudioID":15,"CR_Classification":731,"Public Notes":15,"CR_Provenance":3152,"zc_SortRegNo":1445,"zc_SortRegNo2":21,"zc_htmlCRPublicNotes":15,"zc_htmlCRProvenance":3153,"zc_CR_examDate":3154,"CR_followup":15,"zf_CR":22,"modificationTimestampAPI":3155,"cr_sequence_number":3156,"Search Year Start":1836,"Search Year Start Circa":22,"Search Year End":1836,"Search Year End Circa":22,"Year":2110,"CR Number":2538,"zf_CRpublished":22,"zf_nonextant":15},197,"52.021","Wood box, paint, printed paper, bird skull, fabric, photograph, ribbon, paper, string, thread, twine, feathers, tassels, bell, wire, and rhinestone","Box (closed): 2 1\u002F8 × 4 5\u002F8 × 1 3\u002F4 in. (5.4 × 11.9 × 4.4 cm)","The Menil Collection, Houston, Purchased with funds provided by an anonymous donor (1992-05 DJ)","\u003Cspan style=\"\" >The Menil Collection, Houston, Purchased with funds provided by an anonymous donor (1992-05 DJ)\u003C\u002Fspan>","Cy Twombly\r[Mary Velma Twombly, Lexington, Va., by deposit]\r[public sale, Richard D. Shull, auctioneer, Lexington, Va., February 4, 1989]\rPamela and Henry Simpson, Lexington, Va., purchase at above, 1989\r[Sotheby’s, New York, May 7, 1992, lot 299]\rThe Menil Collection, Houston, purchase at above, 1992","\u003Cspan style=\"\" >Cy Twombly\u003Cbr\u002F>[Mary Velma Twombly, Lexington, Va., by deposit]\u003Cbr\u002F>[public sale, Richard D. Shull, auctioneer, Lexington, Va., February 4, 1989]\u003Cbr\u002F>Pamela and Henry Simpson, Lexington, Va., purchase at above, 1989\u003Cbr\u002F>[Sotheby’s, New York, May 7, 1992, lot 299]\u003Cbr\u002F>The Menil Collection, Houston, purchase at above, 1992\u003C\u002Fspan>","2\u002F13\u002F2024","10\u002F02\u002F2026 14:43:31",92,{},"100","513",[3161,3163,3165,3167,3169,3170,3171,3175,3177,3182],{"pk":102,"citation":103,"mentions":3162,"year":105,"sort":106},"\u003Cspan style=\"\" >pp. 118–19\u003C\u002Fspan>",{"pk":36,"citation":37,"mentions":3164,"year":39,"sort":40},"\u003Cspan style=\"\" >p. 139 (pl. 86)\u003C\u002Fspan>",{"pk":2293,"citation":2294,"mentions":3166,"year":639,"sort":640},"\u003Cspan style=\"\" >no. 102, p. 136 (pl. 102)\u003C\u002Fspan>",{"pk":374,"citation":375,"mentions":3168,"year":377,"sort":378},"\u003Cspan style=\"\" >no. 44, p. 75 (pl. 44)\u003C\u002Fspan>",{"pk":393,"citation":394,"mentions":395,"year":377,"sort":396},{"pk":2297,"citation":2298,"mentions":2299,"year":441,"sort":2300},{"pk":3172,"citation":3173,"mentions":3174,"year":146,"sort":147},6180,"\u003Cspan style=\"\" >Roberts, Sarah. “Untitled (Elemental Sculpture) [steel flange and stone].” Rauschenberg Research Project, San Francisco Museum of Modern Art, July 2013\u003C\u002Fspan>","\u003Cspan style=\"\" >(fig. 3)\u003C\u002Fspan>",{"pk":454,"citation":455,"mentions":3176,"year":187,"sort":188},"\u003Cspan style=\"\" >p. 83 (pl. 47) (not exhibited)\u003C\u002Fspan>",{"pk":3178,"citation":3179,"mentions":3180,"year":2218,"sort":3181},3119,"\u003Cspan style=\"\" >Becker, Anne-Grit. \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"font-style:italic;\" >Cy Twombly und Robert Rauschenberg: Bilder im Prozess\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"\" >. Munich: Metzel, 2020\u003C\u002Fspan>","\u003Cspan style=\"\" >p. 96 (fig. 29)\u003C\u002Fspan>",20200000,{"pk":3183,"citation":3184,"mentions":3185,"year":474,"sort":475},6665,"\u003Cspan style=\"\" >Russo, Carolyn. \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"font-style:italic;\" >The Ascent of Rauschenberg: Reinventing the Art of Flight\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"\" >. Washington, D.C.: Smithsonian Books, 2025\u003C\u002Fspan>","\u003Cspan style=\"\" >pp. 27, 35 (ill.)\u003C\u002Fspan>",[3187,3188,3189,3190,3192,3194,3196],{"citation":2256,"catalogue":2305,"year":1062},{"citation":2259,"catalogue":15,"year":1062},{"citation":501,"catalogue":502,"year":119},{"citation":2689,"catalogue":3191,"year":644},"no. 102",{"citation":504,"catalogue":3193,"year":129},"no. 44",{"citation":3195,"catalogue":15,"year":441},"\u003Cspan style=\"\" >Menil Collection, Houston, \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"font-style:italic;\" >How Artists Draw: Toward the Menil Drawing Institute and Study Center\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"\" >, February 15–May 18, 2008\u003C\u002Fspan>",{"citation":913,"catalogue":15,"year":468},"62 untitled ( scatole e feticci personali ) ca. 1953 wood box, paint, printed paper, bird skull, fabric, photograph, ribbon, paper, string, thread, twine, feathers, tassels, bell, wire, and rhinestone box (closed): 2 1\u002F8 × 4 5\u002F8 × 1 3\u002F4 in. (5.4 × 11.9 × 4.4 cm) the menil collection, houston, purchased with funds provided by an anonymous donor (1992-05 dj) 52.021 cy twombly [mary velma twombly, lexington, va., by deposit] [public sale, richard d. shull, auctioneer, lexington, va., february 4, 1989] pamela and henry simpson, lexington, va., purchase at above, 1989 [sotheby’s, new york, may 7, 1992, lot 299] the menil collection, houston, purchase at above, 1992 scatole e feticci personali 1952 1952 feinstein, roni. “random order: the first fifteen years of robert rauschenberg’s art, 1949–1964.” phd diss., new york university, 1990. proquest (303859753) pp. 118–19 hopps, walter. robert rauschenberg: the early 1950s . houston: menil collection; houston fine art press, 1991. exhibition catalogue p. 139 (pl. 86) turrell, julia brown, ed. rauschenberg sculpture . fort worth, texas: modern art museum of fort worth, 1995. exhibition catalogue no. 102, p. 136 (pl. 102) hopps, walter, and susan davidson. robert rauschenberg: a retrospective . new york: solomon r. guggenheim foundation, 1997. exhibition catalogue no. 44, p. 75 (pl. 44) tomkins, calvin. “master of invention.” new yorker 73, no. 31 (october 13, 1997) p. 92 cullinan, nicholas. “double exposure: robert rauschenberg’s and cy twombly’s roman holiday.” burlington magazine 150, no. 1264 (july 2008) p. 468 (fig. 36) roberts, sarah. “untitled (elemental sculpture) [steel flange and stone].” rauschenberg research project, san francisco museum of modern art, july 2013 (fig. 3) dickerman, leah, and achim borchardt-hume. robert rauschenberg . new york: museum of modern art; london: tate publishing, 2016. exhibition catalogue p. 83 (pl. 47) (not exhibited) becker, anne-grit. cy twombly und robert rauschenberg: bilder im prozess . munich: metzel, 2020 p. 96 (fig. 29) russo, carolyn. the ascent of rauschenberg: reinventing the art of flight . washington, d.c.: smithsonian books, 2025 pp. 27, 35 (ill.) galleria d’arte contemporanea, florence, scatole e costruzioni contemplative di bob rauschenberg , opened march 14, 1953 (likely shown) galleria dell’obelisco, rome, bob rauschenberg: scatole e feticci personali , march 3–10, 1953 corcoran gallery of art, washington, d.c., robert rauschenberg: the early 1950s , june 15–august 11, 1991. organized by menil collection, houston. traveled to menil collection, houston, september 27, 1991–january 5, 1992; museum of contemporary art chicago, february 8–april 19, 1992; san francisco museum of modern art, may 14–august 16, 1992; guggenheim museum soho, new york, october 24, 1992–january 24, 1993 (shown in new york only) modern art museum of fort worth, texas, robert rauschenberg: sculpture , october 22–december 31, 1995. traveled to museum of contemporary art, north miami, fla., april 26–july 28, 1996 no. 102 solomon r. guggenheim museum, new york, robert rauschenberg: a retrospective , september 19, 1997–january 7, 1998 (also guggenheim museum soho, new york, september 19, 1997–january 4, 1998, and ace gallery, new york, september 19–november 9, 1997). traveled to menil collection, contemporary arts museum houston, and museum of fine arts, houston, february 13–may 17, 1998; museum ludwig, cologne (as robert rauschenberg: retrospektive ), june 27–october 11, 1998; museo guggenheim bilbao (as robert rauschenberg: retrospectiva ), november 21, 1998–march 7, 1999 no. 44 menil collection, houston, how artists draw: toward the menil drawing institute and study center , february 15–may 18, 2008 menil collection, houston, the curatorial imagination of walter hopps , march 24–august 13, 2023",{"fieldData":3199,"portalData":3211,"recordId":3212,"modId":27,"bibliographyItems":3213,"exhibitionItems":3223,"searchText":3233},{"pk_ArtworkID":3200,"Unique Impression ID":3201,"Artist":9,"Title":2224,"Display Date":2110,"zc_YearFirst":1062,"Medium":3202,"Dimensions":3203,"zf_WebPublished":15,"Series":2227,"Reg Number Text":3201,"fk_ArtworkSeriesID":2228,"zc_htmlTitle":2229,"Credit Line":3204,"zc_htmlCreditLine":3205,"CR_Inscriptions":15,"zc_htmlCRInscriptions":15,"TItle_Alternative":15,"zc_htmlTitleAlternative":15,"Studio":15,"fk_StudioID":15,"CR_Classification":731,"Public Notes":15,"CR_Provenance":3206,"zc_SortRegNo":1445,"zc_SortRegNo2":21,"zc_htmlCRPublicNotes":15,"zc_htmlCRProvenance":3207,"zc_CR_examDate":3154,"CR_followup":15,"zf_CR":22,"modificationTimestampAPI":3208,"cr_sequence_number":3209,"Search Year Start":1836,"Search Year Start Circa":22,"Search Year End":1836,"Search Year End Circa":22,"Year":2110,"CR Number":3210,"zf_CRpublished":22,"zf_nonextant":15},198,"52.022","Wood box, paint, printed paper, bird skull, paper, fabric, corrugated paper, seashells, twine, ribbon, and beads","Box (closed): 2 3\u002F8 × 5 1\u002F2 × 3 1\u002F8 in. (6 × 14 × 7.9 cm)","The Menil Collection, Houston, Purchased with funds provided by an anonymous donor (1992-04 DJ)","\u003Cspan style=\"\" >The Menil Collection, Houston, Purchased with funds provided by an anonymous donor (1992-04 DJ)\u003C\u002Fspan>","Cy Twombly\r[Mary Velma Twombly, Lexington, Va., by deposit]\r[public sale, Richard D. Shull, auctioneer, Lexington, Va., February 4, 1989]\rPamela and Henry Simpson, Lexington, Va., purchase at above, 1989\r[Sotheby’s, New York, May 7, 1992, lot 298]\rThe Menil Collection, Houston, purchase at above, 1992","\u003Cspan style=\"\" >Cy Twombly\u003Cbr\u002F>[Mary Velma Twombly, Lexington, Va., by deposit]\u003Cbr\u002F>[public sale, Richard D. Shull, auctioneer, Lexington, Va., February 4, 1989]\u003Cbr\u002F>Pamela and Henry Simpson, Lexington, Va., purchase at above, 1989\u003Cbr\u002F>[Sotheby’s, New York, May 7, 1992, lot 298]\u003Cbr\u002F>The Menil Collection, Houston, purchase at above, 1992\u003C\u002Fspan>","10\u002F02\u002F2026 14:44:03",90,61,{},"101",[3214,3215,3219,3220,3222],{"pk":36,"citation":37,"mentions":3164,"year":39,"sort":40},{"pk":3216,"citation":3217,"mentions":3218,"year":421,"sort":422},361,"\u003Cspan style=\"\" >Kosinski, Dorothy. \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"font-style:italic;\" >Dialogues: Duchamp, Cornell, Johns, Rauschenberg\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"\" >. Dallas: Dallas Museum of Art; New Haven, Conn.: Yale University Press, 2005. Exhibition catalogue\u003C\u002Fspan>","\u003Cspan style=\"\" >no. 37, p. 46 (ill.)\u003C\u002Fspan>",{"pk":2297,"citation":2298,"mentions":2299,"year":441,"sort":2300},{"pk":454,"citation":455,"mentions":3221,"year":187,"sort":188},"\u003Cspan style=\"\" >p. 84 (pl. 48) (not exhibited)\u003C\u002Fspan>",{"pk":3178,"citation":3179,"mentions":3180,"year":2218,"sort":3181},[3224,3225,3226,3227,3229,3232],{"citation":2256,"catalogue":2305,"year":1062},{"citation":2259,"catalogue":2305,"year":1062},{"citation":501,"catalogue":502,"year":119},{"citation":504,"catalogue":3228,"year":129},"(not in cat.; not shown in New York)",{"citation":3230,"catalogue":3231,"year":431},"\u003Cspan style=\"\" >Dallas Museum of Art, \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"font-style:italic;\" >Dialogues: Duchamp, Cornell, Johns, Rauschenberg\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"\" >, September 4, 2005–January 8, 2006\u003C\u002Fspan>","no. 37",{"citation":3195,"catalogue":15,"year":441},"61 untitled ( scatole e feticci personali ) ca. 1953 wood box, paint, printed paper, bird skull, paper, fabric, corrugated paper, seashells, twine, ribbon, and beads box (closed): 2 3\u002F8 × 5 1\u002F2 × 3 1\u002F8 in. (6 × 14 × 7.9 cm) the menil collection, houston, purchased with funds provided by an anonymous donor (1992-04 dj) 52.022 cy twombly [mary velma twombly, lexington, va., by deposit] [public sale, richard d. shull, auctioneer, lexington, va., february 4, 1989] pamela and henry simpson, lexington, va., purchase at above, 1989 [sotheby’s, new york, may 7, 1992, lot 298] the menil collection, houston, purchase at above, 1992 scatole e feticci personali 1952 1952 hopps, walter. robert rauschenberg: the early 1950s . houston: menil collection; houston fine art press, 1991. exhibition catalogue p. 139 (pl. 86) kosinski, dorothy. dialogues: duchamp, cornell, johns, rauschenberg . dallas: dallas museum of art; new haven, conn.: yale university press, 2005. exhibition catalogue no. 37, p. 46 (ill.) cullinan, nicholas. “double exposure: robert rauschenberg’s and cy twombly’s roman holiday.” burlington magazine 150, no. 1264 (july 2008) p. 468 (fig. 36) dickerman, leah, and achim borchardt-hume. robert rauschenberg . new york: museum of modern art; london: tate publishing, 2016. exhibition catalogue p. 84 (pl. 48) (not exhibited) becker, anne-grit. cy twombly und robert rauschenberg: bilder im prozess . munich: metzel, 2020 p. 96 (fig. 29) galleria d’arte contemporanea, florence, scatole e costruzioni contemplative di bob rauschenberg , opened march 14, 1953 (likely shown) galleria dell’obelisco, rome, bob rauschenberg: scatole e feticci personali , march 3–10, 1953 (likely shown) corcoran gallery of art, washington, d.c., robert rauschenberg: the early 1950s , june 15–august 11, 1991. organized by menil collection, houston. traveled to menil collection, houston, september 27, 1991–january 5, 1992; museum of contemporary art chicago, february 8–april 19, 1992; san francisco museum of modern art, may 14–august 16, 1992; guggenheim museum soho, new york, october 24, 1992–january 24, 1993 (shown in new york only) solomon r. guggenheim museum, new york, robert rauschenberg: a retrospective , september 19, 1997–january 7, 1998 (also guggenheim museum soho, new york, september 19, 1997–january 4, 1998, and ace gallery, new york, september 19–november 9, 1997). traveled to menil collection, contemporary arts museum houston, and museum of fine arts, houston, february 13–may 17, 1998; museum ludwig, cologne (as robert rauschenberg: retrospektive ), june 27–october 11, 1998; museo guggenheim bilbao (as robert rauschenberg: retrospectiva ), november 21, 1998–march 7, 1999 (not in cat.; not shown in new york) dallas museum of art, dialogues: duchamp, cornell, johns, rauschenberg , september 4, 2005–january 8, 2006 no. 37 menil collection, houston, how artists draw: toward the menil drawing institute and study center , february 15–may 18, 2008",{"fieldData":3235,"portalData":3249,"recordId":3250,"modId":3251,"bibliographyItems":3252,"exhibitionItems":3253,"searchText":3255},{"pk_ArtworkID":3236,"Unique Impression ID":3237,"Artist":9,"Title":2224,"Display Date":2110,"zc_YearFirst":1062,"Medium":3238,"Dimensions":3239,"zf_WebPublished":15,"Series":2227,"Reg Number Text":3237,"fk_ArtworkSeriesID":2228,"zc_htmlTitle":2229,"Credit Line":3240,"zc_htmlCreditLine":3241,"CR_Inscriptions":3242,"zc_htmlCRInscriptions":3243,"TItle_Alternative":15,"zc_htmlTitleAlternative":15,"Studio":15,"fk_StudioID":15,"CR_Classification":731,"Public Notes":3242,"CR_Provenance":3244,"zc_SortRegNo":1445,"zc_SortRegNo2":21,"zc_htmlCRPublicNotes":3243,"zc_htmlCRProvenance":3245,"zc_CR_examDate":3246,"CR_followup":15,"zf_CR":22,"modificationTimestampAPI":3247,"cr_sequence_number":1217,"Search Year Start":1062,"Search Year Start Circa":22,"Search Year End":1062,"Search Year End Circa":22,"Year":2110,"CR Number":3248,"zf_CRpublished":22,"zf_nonextant":15},199,"52.023","Cardboard, metal, fabric, sequins, and thread","9 1\u002F4 × 2 7\u002F8 in. (23.6 × 7.4 cm)","Collection Carnovale, Rome","\u003Cspan style=\"\" >Collection Carnovale, Rome\u003C\u002Fspan>","Original box lost","\u003Cspan style=\"\" >Original box lost\u003C\u002Fspan>","Rosina Donati Bryk, Florence, purchase, March 1953 (via Galleria d’Arte Contemporanea, Florence)\r(?)\rCollection Carnovale, Rome, after 1977\r[Wannenes Art Auctions, Milan, December 12, 2019, lot 11, bought in]","\u003Cspan style=\"\" >Rosina Donati Bryk, Florence, purchase, March 1953 (via Galleria d’Arte Contemporanea, Florence)\u003Cbr\u002F>(?)\u003Cbr\u002F>Collection Carnovale, Rome, after 1977\u003Cbr\u002F>[Wannenes Art Auctions, Milan, December 12, 2019, lot 11, bought in]\u003C\u002Fspan>","03\u002F15\u002F2023","10\u002F21\u002F2026 13:47:51",79,{},"102","440",[],[3254],{"citation":2256,"catalogue":15,"year":1062},"79 untitled ( scatole e feticci personali ) ca. 1953 cardboard, metal, fabric, sequins, and thread 9 1\u002F4 × 2 7\u002F8 in. (23.6 × 7.4 cm) collection carnovale, rome 52.023 original box lost rosina donati bryk, florence, purchase, march 1953 (via galleria d’arte contemporanea, florence) (?) collection carnovale, rome, after 1977 [wannenes art auctions, milan, december 12, 2019, lot 11, bought in] scatole e feticci personali 1953 1953 galleria d’arte contemporanea, florence, scatole e costruzioni contemplative di bob rauschenberg , opened march 14, 1953",{"fieldData":3257,"portalData":3271,"recordId":3272,"modId":3273,"bibliographyItems":3274,"exhibitionItems":3690,"searchText":3753},{"pk_ArtworkID":3258,"Unique Impression ID":3259,"Artist":9,"Title":3260,"Display Date":2709,"zc_YearFirst":1062,"Medium":3261,"Dimensions":3262,"zf_WebPublished":22,"Series":15,"Reg Number Text":3259,"fk_ArtworkSeriesID":15,"zc_htmlTitle":3263,"Credit Line":3264,"zc_htmlCreditLine":3265,"CR_Inscriptions":3266,"zc_htmlCRInscriptions":3267,"TItle_Alternative":15,"zc_htmlTitleAlternative":15,"Studio":2035,"fk_StudioID":2036,"CR_Classification":3268,"Public Notes":15,"CR_Provenance":1441,"zc_SortRegNo":788,"zc_SortRegNo2":3269,"zc_htmlCRPublicNotes":15,"zc_htmlCRProvenance":1442,"zc_CR_examDate":1443,"CR_followup":15,"zf_CR":22,"modificationTimestampAPI":3270,"cr_sequence_number":2819,"Search Year Start":1062,"Search Year Start Circa":15,"Search Year End":1062,"Search Year End Circa":15,"Year":2709,"CR Number":45,"zf_CRpublished":22,"zf_nonextant":15},200,"53.D001","Erased de Kooning Drawing","Erased drawing with label and gilded frame","25 1\u002F4 × 21 3\u002F4 in. (64.1 × 55.3 cm)","\u003Cspan style=\"font-style:italic;\" >Erased de Kooning Drawing\u003C\u002Fspan>","San Francisco Museum of Modern Art, Purchase through a gift of Phyllis C. Wattis (98.298)","\u003Cspan style=\"\" >San Francisco Museum of Modern Art, Purchase through a gift of Phyllis C. Wattis (98.298)\u003C\u002Fspan>","Inscribed by Jasper Johns on label: ERASED DE KOONING DRAWING \u002F ROBERT RAUSCHENBERG \u002F 1953","\u003Cspan style=\"\" >Inscribed by Jasper Johns on label: \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"font-style:italic;\" >ERASED DE KOONING DRAWING\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"\" > \u002F \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"font-style:italic;\" >ROBERT RAUSCHENBERG\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"\" > \u002F \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"font-style:italic;\" >1953\u003C\u002Fspan>","Drawing","D","09\u002F29\u002F2026 12:37:21",{},"103","567",[3275,3281,3287,3289,3293,3297,3301,3305,3310,3312,3314,3318,3323,3328,3330,3335,3340,3345,3346,3348,3350,3354,3358,3360,3365,3367,3372,3374,3378,3383,3388,3393,3394,3395,3400,3402,3406,3408,3413,3418,3422,3424,3429,3434,3436,3438,3440,3444,3445,3447,3452,3457,3461,3463,3464,3467,3469,3473,3477,3479,3481,3483,3487,3488,3489,3492,3496,3498,3500,3501,3506,3511,3516,3517,3519,3521,3523,3525,3526,3530,3534,3535,3540,3542,3543,3547,3549,3553,3558,3563,3567,3570,3575,3577,3579,3580,3582,3584,3586,3588,3590,3593,3597,3601,3603,3605,3609,3611,3614,3618,3622,3626,3630,3632,3634,3638,3640,3642,3644,3646,3648,3652,3656,3659,3660,3664,3666,3670,3672,3674,3676,3678,3680,3682,3683,3685],{"pk":3276,"citation":3277,"mentions":3278,"year":3279,"sort":3280},6587,"\u003Cspan style=\"\" >Sandler, Irving. “New York Painters’ and Sculptors’ Drawings.” \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"font-style:italic;\" >Artnews\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"\" > 56, no. 9 (January 1958)\u003C\u002Fspan>","\u003Cspan style=\"\" >p. 19\u003C\u002Fspan>",1958,19580100,{"pk":3282,"citation":3283,"mentions":3284,"year":3285,"sort":3286},4153,"\u003Cspan style=\"\" >Tōno, Yoshiaki. “International Look at the USA: Japanese, from a Gulliver’s Point of View.” \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"font-style:italic;\" >Art in America \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"\" >48, no. 2 (Summer 1960)\u003C\u002Fspan>","\u003Cspan style=\"\" >p. 58\u003C\u002Fspan>",1960,19600600,{"pk":1069,"citation":1070,"mentions":3288,"year":1072,"sort":1073},"\u003Cspan style=\"\" >p. 41\u003C\u002Fspan>",{"pk":3290,"citation":3291,"mentions":3292,"year":1072,"sort":1073},2215,"\u003Cspan style=\"\" >Cage, John. “On Robert Rauschenberg, Artist, and His Work.” In \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"font-style:italic;\" >Silence: Lectures and Writings by John Cage\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"\" >, pp. 98–108. Middletown, Conn.: Wesleyan University Press, 1961\u003C\u002Fspan>","\u003Cspan style=\"\" >p. 101\u003C\u002Fspan>",{"pk":3294,"citation":3295,"mentions":67,"year":1072,"sort":3296},4714,"\u003Cspan style=\"\" >Parinaud, André. “Un ‘misfit’ de la peinture new-yorkaise se confesse.” \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"font-style:italic;\" >Arts \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"\" >(Paris), no. 821 (May 10, 1961)\u003C\u002Fspan>",19610510,{"pk":3298,"citation":3299,"mentions":3300,"year":291,"sort":292},1743,"\u003Cspan style=\"font-style:italic;\" >American Drawings\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"\" >. New York: Solomon R. Guggenheim Foundation, 1964. Exhibition catalogue\u003C\u002Fspan>","\u003Cspan style=\"\" >no. 106, n.p.\u003C\u002Fspan>",{"pk":3302,"citation":3303,"mentions":3304,"year":291,"sort":292},6094,"\u003Cspan style=\"\" >Kozloff, Max. “The Impact of de Kooning.” In \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"font-style:italic;\" >New York: The Art World\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"\" >, edited by James R. Mellow, pp. 77–88. New York: Arts Digest, 1964\u003C\u002Fspan>","\u003Cspan style=\"\" >pp. 77, 79–80\u003C\u002Fspan>",{"pk":3306,"citation":3307,"mentions":3308,"year":291,"sort":3309},6137,"\u003Cspan style=\"\" >Berkman, Florence. “Pop Art on Exhibition Free, Far Out.” \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"font-style:italic;\" >Hartford Times\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"\" >, January 11, 1964\u003C\u002Fspan>","\u003Cspan style=\"\" >as \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"font-style:italic;\" >Erased Drawing\u003C\u002Fspan>",19640111,{"pk":294,"citation":295,"mentions":3311,"year":291,"sort":297},"\u003Cspan style=\"\" >pp. 66, 71\u003C\u002Fspan>",{"pk":1080,"citation":1081,"mentions":3313,"year":291,"sort":1083},"\u003Cspan style=\"\" >p. 24\u003C\u002Fspan>",{"pk":3315,"citation":3316,"mentions":3284,"year":1596,"sort":3317},6595,"\u003Cspan style=\"\" >O’Doherty, Brian. “Vanity Fair: The New York Art Scene.” \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"font-style:italic;\" >Newsweek\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"\" > 65, no. 1 (January 4, 1965)\u003C\u002Fspan>",19650104,{"pk":3319,"citation":3320,"mentions":3321,"year":1596,"sort":3322},6596,"\u003Cspan style=\"\" >Sherman, John K. “Drawing Affords a Certain Freedom: Guggenheim Collection Is Lively Example.” \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"font-style:italic;\" >Minneapolis Tribune\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"\" >, March 7, 1965\u003C\u002Fspan>","\u003Cspan style=\"\" >sec. E, p. 4\u003C\u002Fspan>",19650307,{"pk":3324,"citation":3325,"mentions":3326,"year":1088,"sort":3327},6142,"\u003Cspan style=\"font-style:italic;\" >Art in the Mirror: An Exhibition\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"\" >. New York: Museum of Modern Art, 1966. Exhibition brochure\u003C\u002Fspan>","\u003Cspan style=\"\" >no. 30, n.p.\u003C\u002Fspan>",19660000,{"pk":1085,"citation":1086,"mentions":3329,"year":1088,"sort":1089},"\u003Cspan style=\"\" >p. 63\u003C\u002Fspan>",{"pk":3331,"citation":3332,"mentions":3333,"year":1088,"sort":3334},4294,"\u003Cspan style=\"\" >Kostelanetz, Richard. “The Artist as Playwright and Engineer.” \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"font-style:italic;\" >New York Times Magazine\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"\" >, October 9, 1966\u003C\u002Fspan>","\u003Cspan style=\"\" >pp. 122, 124\u003C\u002Fspan>",19661009,{"pk":3336,"citation":3337,"mentions":3338,"year":1094,"sort":3339},6599,"\u003Cspan style=\"\" >Rosenberg, Harold. “The Art World: Defining Art.”\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"font-style:italic;\" > New Yorker\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"\" > 43, no. 1 (February 25, 1967)\u003C\u002Fspan>","\u003Cspan style=\"\" >p. 99\u003C\u002Fspan>",19670225,{"pk":3341,"citation":3342,"mentions":3343,"year":1094,"sort":3344},6598,"\u003Cspan style=\"\" >Seldis, Henry J. “‘Mirror’ Exhibit Unrevealing.” \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"font-style:italic;\" >Los Angeles Times\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"\" >, July 2, 1967\u003C\u002Fspan>","\u003Cspan style=\"\" >p. 30\u003C\u002Fspan>",19670702,{"pk":305,"citation":306,"mentions":2364,"year":302,"sort":303},{"pk":299,"citation":300,"mentions":3347,"year":302,"sort":303},"\u003Cspan style=\"\" >p. 68 (not exhibited)\u003C\u002Fspan>",{"pk":22,"citation":313,"mentions":3349,"year":315,"sort":316},"\u003Cspan style=\"\" >pp. 7, 25\u003C\u002Fspan>",{"pk":3351,"citation":3352,"mentions":3353,"year":315,"sort":316},2301,"\u003Cspan style=\"\" >Cage, John. \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"font-style:italic;\" >A Year from Monday: New Lectures and Writings\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"\" >. Middletown, Conn.: Wesleyan University Press, 1969\u003C\u002Fspan>","\u003Cspan style=\"\" >pp. 71, 75\u003C\u002Fspan>",{"pk":3355,"citation":3356,"mentions":982,"year":315,"sort":3357},4554,"\u003Cspan style=\"\" >Hopkins, Henry T. “In the Museums: Robert Rauschenberg.” \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"font-style:italic;\" >Arts Magazine \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"\" >(New York) 43, no. 4 (February 1969)\u003C\u002Fspan>",19690200,{"pk":330,"citation":331,"mentions":3359,"year":327,"sort":333},"\u003Cspan style=\"\" >p. 47\u003C\u002Fspan>",{"pk":3361,"citation":3362,"mentions":3363,"year":1196,"sort":3364},1569,"\u003Cspan style=\"\" >Ginsburg, Susan. \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"font-style:italic;\" >3D into 2D: Drawing for Sculpture\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"\" >. New York: New York Cultural Center, 1973. Exhibition brochure\u003C\u002Fspan>","\u003Cspan style=\"\" >no. 77, p. 31\u003C\u002Fspan>",19730000,{"pk":2130,"citation":2131,"mentions":3366,"year":2133,"sort":2134},"\u003Cspan style=\"\" >no. 50, pp. 35, 45, 76 (pl. 4)\u003C\u002Fspan>",{"pk":3368,"citation":3369,"mentions":3370,"year":2133,"sort":3371},5612,"\u003Cspan style=\"\" >Haacke, Lorraine. “Robert Rauschenberg—Evolving from the Shadows.” \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"font-style:italic;\" >Dallas Times Herald\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"\" >, November 20, 1974\u003C\u002Fspan>","\u003Cspan style=\"\" >sec. F, pp. 1, 11\u003C\u002Fspan>",19741120,{"pk":70,"citation":71,"mentions":3373,"year":73,"sort":74},"\u003Cspan style=\"\" >no. 24, p. 75, 75 (ill.)\u003C\u002Fspan>",{"pk":3375,"citation":3376,"mentions":3377,"year":73,"sort":74},1744,"\u003Cspan style=\"\" >Rose, Bernice. \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"font-style:italic;\" >Drawing Now\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"\" >. New York: Museum of Modern Art, 1976. Exhibition catalogue\u003C\u002Fspan>","\u003Cspan style=\"\" >pp. 8 (ill.), 12\u003C\u002Fspan>",{"pk":3379,"citation":3380,"mentions":3381,"year":73,"sort":3382},5614,"\u003Cspan style=\"\" >Rosenberg, Harold. “The Art World: American Drawing and the Academy of the Erased de Kooning.” \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"font-style:italic;\" >New Yorker \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"\" >52, no. 5 (March 22, 1976)\u003C\u002Fspan>","\u003Cspan style=\"\" >pp. 106–8\u003C\u002Fspan>",19760322,{"pk":3384,"citation":3385,"mentions":3386,"year":73,"sort":3387},4709,"\u003Cspan style=\"\" >McKendry, Maxime de la Falaise. “Robert Rauschenberg Talks to Maxime de la Falaise McKendry.” \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"font-style:italic;\" >Interview\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"\" > 6, no. 5 (May 1976)\u003C\u002Fspan>","\u003Cspan style=\"\" >p. 36\u003C\u002Fspan>",19760500,{"pk":3389,"citation":3390,"mentions":3391,"year":73,"sort":3392},1633,"\u003Cspan style=\"\" >Hughes, Robert. “The Most Living Artist.” \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"font-style:italic;\" >Time\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"\" > 108, no. 22 (November 29, 1976)\u003C\u002Fspan>","\u003Cspan style=\"\" >p. 61\u003C\u002Fspan>",19761129,{"pk":2138,"citation":2139,"mentions":3094,"year":844,"sort":2141},{"pk":1465,"citation":1466,"mentions":1467,"year":844,"sort":1468},{"pk":3396,"citation":3397,"mentions":3398,"year":844,"sort":3399},4763,"\u003Cspan style=\"\" >Ratcliff, Carter. “New York.” \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"font-style:italic;\" >Art International\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"\" > (Lugano, Switzerland) 21, no. 3 (May–June 1977)\u003C\u002Fspan>","\u003Cspan style=\"\" >pp. 60–61\u003C\u002Fspan>",19770500,{"pk":2477,"citation":2478,"mentions":3401,"year":844,"sort":2480},"\u003Cspan style=\"\" >pp. 124–27\u003C\u002Fspan>",{"pk":3403,"citation":3404,"mentions":1061,"year":844,"sort":3405},4769,"\u003Cspan style=\"\" >Bloomfield, Arthur. “Art of the Enfant Terrible.” \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"font-style:italic;\" >San Francisco Examiner\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"\" >, June 24, 1977\u003C\u002Fspan>",19770624,{"pk":1344,"citation":1345,"mentions":3407,"year":844,"sort":1347},"\u003Cspan style=\"\" >pp. 50, 52 (ill.)\u003C\u002Fspan>",{"pk":3409,"citation":3410,"mentions":3411,"year":844,"sort":3412},4774,"\u003Cspan style=\"\" >de la Falaise, Maxime. “Rauschenberg à Washington et à New York.” \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"font-style:italic;\" >XX\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 6px;font-style:italic;vertical-align: text-top;\" >e\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"font-style:italic;\" > siècle\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"\" > (Paris) 39, no. 49 (December 1977)\u003C\u002Fspan>","\u003Cspan style=\"\" >pp. 28–29\u003C\u002Fspan>",19771200,{"pk":3414,"citation":3415,"mentions":3416,"year":844,"sort":3417},4776,"\u003Cspan style=\"\" >Schulze, Franz. “Rauschenberg’s Cheerful Cheek.” \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"font-style:italic;\" >Chicago Daily News\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"\" >, December 3–4, 1977\u003C\u002Fspan>","\u003Cspan style=\"\" >“Panorama” sec., p. 15\u003C\u002Fspan>",19771203,{"pk":3419,"citation":3420,"mentions":3421,"year":79,"sort":80},316,"\u003Cspan style=\"\" >Lipman, Jean, and Richard Marshall. \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"font-style:italic;\" >Art About Art\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"\" >. New York: E. P. Dutton; Whitney Museum of American Art, 1978. Exhibition catalogue\u003C\u002Fspan>","\u003Cspan style=\"\" >pp. 142, 147, 147 (ill.)\u003C\u002Fspan>",{"pk":76,"citation":77,"mentions":3423,"year":79,"sort":80},"\u003Cspan style=\"\" >p. 177\u003C\u002Fspan>",{"pk":1812,"citation":3425,"mentions":3426,"year":3427,"sort":3428},"\u003Cspan style=\"font-style:italic;\" >Robert Rauschenberg: Zeichnungen, Gouachen, Collagen 1949 bis 1979\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"\" >. Munich: R. Piper, 1979. Exhibition catalogue\u003C\u002Fspan>","\u003Cspan style=\"\" >pp. 11, 176\u003C\u002Fspan>",1979,19790000,{"pk":3430,"citation":3431,"mentions":3432,"year":3427,"sort":3433},6629,"\u003Cspan style=\"\" >Sutinen, Paul. “Rauschenberg’s Quieter Revolution.” \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"font-style:italic;\" >Willamette Week\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"\" > (Portland, Ore.),  April 23, 1979\u003C\u002Fspan>","\u003Cspan style=\"\" >p. 9\u003C\u002Fspan>",19790423,{"pk":20,"citation":82,"mentions":3435,"year":33,"sort":34},"\u003Cspan style=\"\" >no. 88, pp. 58, 262, 263 (ill.)\u003C\u002Fspan>",{"pk":30,"citation":31,"mentions":3437,"year":33,"sort":34},"\u003Cspan style=\"\" >pp. 96–97, 299\u003C\u002Fspan>",{"pk":1473,"citation":1474,"mentions":3439,"year":33,"sort":1476},"\u003Cspan style=\"\" >no. 63, p. 46, 46 (ill.)\u003C\u002Fspan>",{"pk":3441,"citation":3442,"mentions":3443,"year":344,"sort":345},1016,"\u003Cspan style=\"\" >Glozer, Laszlo. \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"font-style:italic;\" >Westkunst: Zeitgenössische Kunst seit 1939\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"\" >. Cologne: DuMont, 1981. Exhibition catalogue\u003C\u002Fspan>","\u003Cspan style=\"\" >no. 545, p. 23, 23 (ill.)\u003C\u002Fspan>",{"pk":341,"citation":342,"mentions":87,"year":344,"sort":345},{"pk":1119,"citation":1120,"mentions":3446,"year":344,"sort":1122},"\u003Cspan style=\"\" >pp. 120 (ill.), 122–23\u003C\u002Fspan>",{"pk":3448,"citation":3449,"mentions":3450,"year":344,"sort":3451},4821,"\u003Cspan style=\"\" >McEwen, John. “Now and Zen.” \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"font-style:italic;\" >Spectator\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"\" > (London) 246, no. 7975 (May 16, 1981)\u003C\u002Fspan>","\u003Cspan style=\"\" >p. 27\u003C\u002Fspan>",19810516,{"pk":3453,"citation":3454,"mentions":3455,"year":344,"sort":3456},4132,"\u003Cspan style=\"\" >Copeland, Roger. “The Politics of Perception.” \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"font-style:italic;\" >Contact Quarterly \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"\" >6, no. 2 (Winter 1981)\u003C\u002Fspan>","\u003Cspan style=\"\" >p. 17\u003C\u002Fspan>",19811200,{"pk":3458,"citation":3459,"mentions":3460,"year":350,"sort":351},1805,"\u003Cspan style=\"\" >de Antonio, Emile, and Mitch Tuchman. \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"font-style:italic;\" >Painters Painting: A Candid History of the Modern Art Scene, 1940–1970\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"\" >. New York: Abbeville, 1984\u003C\u002Fspan>","\u003Cspan style=\"\" >pp. 91–92\u003C\u002Fspan>",{"pk":347,"citation":348,"mentions":3462,"year":350,"sort":351},"\u003Cspan style=\"\" >pp. 2, 45–46, 47 (fig. 6), 48–58, 225, 270–71, 274\u003C\u002Fspan>",{"pk":85,"citation":86,"mentions":2772,"year":88,"sort":89},{"pk":2238,"citation":3465,"mentions":3466,"year":88,"sort":89},"\u003Cspan style=\"\" >Hunter, Sam. \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"font-style:italic;\" >Selections from the Ileana and Michael Sonnabend Collection: Works from the 1950s and 1960s\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"\" >. Princeton, N.J.: Art Museum, Princeton University, 1985. Exhibition catalogue\u003C\u002Fspan>","\u003Cspan style=\"\" >pp. 21, 76 (not exhibited)\u003C\u002Fspan>",{"pk":788,"citation":789,"mentions":3468,"year":791,"sort":792},"\u003Cspan style=\"\" >pp. 4, 51\u003C\u002Fspan>",{"pk":3470,"citation":3471,"mentions":3472,"year":989,"sort":990},6147,"\u003Cspan style=\"font-style:italic;\" >Übrigens sterben immer die anderen: Marcel Duchamp und die Avantgarde seit 1950\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"\" >. Cologne: Museum Ludwig, 1988. Exhibition catalogue\u003C\u002Fspan>","\u003Cspan style=\"\" >no. 245, p. 331\u003C\u002Fspan>",{"pk":3474,"citation":3475,"mentions":3476,"year":1246,"sort":1247},1010,"\u003Cspan style=\"font-style:italic;\" >L’art conceptuel, une perspective\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"\" >. Paris: Paris-Musées, 1989. Exhibition catalogue\u003C\u002Fspan>","\u003Cspan style=\"\" >no. 175, pp. 15, 21, 223, 223 (ill.)\u003C\u002Fspan>",{"pk":102,"citation":103,"mentions":3478,"year":105,"sort":106},"\u003Cspan style=\"\" >pp. 140–46, 182–83, 331, 342, 489, n.p. (fig. 50)\u003C\u002Fspan>",{"pk":36,"citation":37,"mentions":3480,"year":39,"sort":40},"\u003Cspan style=\"\" >pp. 160–62, 168, 201 (pl. 127), 227\u003C\u002Fspan>",{"pk":2644,"citation":2645,"mentions":3482,"year":39,"sort":2647},"\u003Cspan style=\"\" >sec. E, p. 3\u003C\u002Fspan>",{"pk":3484,"citation":3485,"mentions":3343,"year":39,"sort":3486},233,"\u003Cspan style=\"\" >Saff, Donald J. “Conservation of Matter: Robert Rauschenberg’s Art of Acceptance.” \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"font-style:italic;\" >Aperture\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"\" >, no. 125 (Fall 1991)\u003C\u002Fspan>",19910900,{"pk":2246,"citation":2247,"mentions":2248,"year":39,"sort":2249},{"pk":548,"citation":549,"mentions":550,"year":39,"sort":551},{"pk":3490,"citation":3491,"mentions":2287,"year":39,"sort":551},5076,"\u003Cspan style=\"\" >Wood, Carol. “Robert Rauschenberg.” \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"font-style:italic;\" >Arts Magazine\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"\" > (New York) 66, no. 3 (November 1991)\u003C\u002Fspan>",{"pk":3493,"citation":3494,"mentions":3495,"year":113,"sort":114},2378,"\u003Cspan style=\"\" >Hultén, Pontus. \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"font-style:italic;\" >Territorium Artis\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"\" >. Bonn, Germany: Kunst- und Ausstellungshalle der Bundesrepublik Deutschland; Stuttgart: Gerd Hatje, 1992. Exhibition catalogue\u003C\u002Fspan>","\u003Cspan style=\"\" >no. 146, pp. 282, 283 (ill.)\u003C\u002Fspan>",{"pk":624,"citation":625,"mentions":3497,"year":113,"sort":627},"\u003Cspan style=\"\" >sec. 1, pp. 30–32\u003C\u002Fspan>",{"pk":629,"citation":630,"mentions":3499,"year":113,"sort":632},"\u003Cspan style=\"\" >pp. 128–29\u003C\u002Fspan>",{"pk":553,"citation":554,"mentions":555,"year":113,"sort":556},{"pk":3502,"citation":3503,"mentions":3504,"year":113,"sort":3505},5087,"\u003Cspan style=\"\" >Baker, Kenneth. “A ’50s Look at Robert Rauschenberg.” \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"font-style:italic;\" >San Francisco Chronicle\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"\" >, May 15, 1992\u003C\u002Fspan>","\u003Cspan style=\"\" >sec. D, p. 3\u003C\u002Fspan>",19920515,{"pk":3507,"citation":3508,"mentions":3509,"year":113,"sort":3510},5088,"\u003Cspan style=\"\" >Knight, Christopher. “Enlightening Look at Early Work of Robert Rauschenberg.” \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"font-style:italic;\" >Los Angeles Times\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"\" >, May 20, 1992\u003C\u002Fspan>","\u003Cspan style=\"\" >sec. F, pp. 1, 6\u003C\u002Fspan>",19920520,{"pk":3512,"citation":3513,"mentions":3514,"year":113,"sort":3515},5090,"\u003Cspan style=\"\" >Tarshis, Jerome. “Creativity Knew No Limits.” \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"font-style:italic;\" >Christian Science Monitor\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"\" >, September 14, 1992\u003C\u002Fspan>","\u003Cspan style=\"\" >p. 16\u003C\u002Fspan>",19920914,{"pk":2977,"citation":2978,"mentions":2979,"year":113,"sort":2980},{"pk":116,"citation":117,"mentions":3518,"year":119,"sort":120},"\u003Cspan style=\"\" >pp. 89 (pl. 63), 93\u003C\u002Fspan>",{"pk":368,"citation":369,"mentions":3520,"year":119,"sort":120},"\u003Cspan style=\"\" >pp. 38, 42 (not exhibited)\u003C\u002Fspan>",{"pk":1992,"citation":1993,"mentions":3522,"year":639,"sort":640},"\u003Cspan style=\"\" >no. VI. 29, p. 385 (ill.)\u003C\u002Fspan>",{"pk":374,"citation":375,"mentions":3524,"year":377,"sort":378},"\u003Cspan style=\"\" >no. 63, pp. 41, 44, 92 (pl. 63), 221\u003C\u002Fspan>",{"pk":384,"citation":385,"mentions":649,"year":377,"sort":387},{"pk":3527,"citation":3528,"mentions":3529,"year":377,"sort":387},5156,"\u003Cspan style=\"\" >Hickey, Dave. “Open Charms.” \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"font-style:italic;\" >Artforum\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"\" > 36, no. 1 (September 1997)\u003C\u002Fspan>","\u003Cspan style=\"\" >pp. 101, 152\u003C\u002Fspan>",{"pk":3531,"citation":3532,"mentions":3533,"year":377,"sort":387},5191,"\u003Cspan style=\"\" >Pacheco, Patrick. “He Got Painting’s Goat.” \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"font-style:italic;\" >Art and Antiques\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"\" > 20, no. 8 (September 1997)\u003C\u002Fspan>","\u003Cspan style=\"\" >p. 105\u003C\u002Fspan>",{"pk":389,"citation":390,"mentions":391,"year":377,"sort":387},{"pk":3536,"citation":3537,"mentions":3538,"year":377,"sort":3539},5205,"\u003Cspan style=\"\" >Stevens, Mark. “More Is More.” \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"font-style:italic;\" >New York \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"\" >30, no. 37 (September 29, 1997)\u003C\u002Fspan>","\u003Cspan style=\"\" >pp. 54, 56\u003C\u002Fspan>",19970929,{"pk":393,"citation":394,"mentions":3541,"year":377,"sort":396},"\u003Cspan style=\"\" >pp. 92, 94\u003C\u002Fspan>",{"pk":398,"citation":399,"mentions":1885,"year":401,"sort":402},{"pk":3544,"citation":3545,"mentions":3546,"year":401,"sort":402},6609,"\u003Cspan style=\"\" >Godfrey, Tony. \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"font-style:italic;\" >Conceptual Art\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"\" >. London: Phaidon, 1998\u003C\u002Fspan>","\u003Cspan style=\"\" >pp. 62 (ill.), 63–64, 75, 81\u003C\u002Fspan>",{"pk":999,"citation":1000,"mentions":3548,"year":401,"sort":1002},"\u003Cspan style=\"\" >p. 69\u003C\u002Fspan>",{"pk":3550,"citation":3551,"mentions":3432,"year":401,"sort":3552},5247,"\u003Cspan style=\"\" >Johnson, Patricia C. “Melding Pot.” \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"font-style:italic;\" >Houston Chronicle\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"\" >, February 15, 1998\u003C\u002Fspan>",19980215,{"pk":3554,"citation":3555,"mentions":3556,"year":401,"sort":3557},6612,"\u003Cspan style=\"\" >Haithman, Diane. “S. F. Museum of Modern Art Goes on a Buying Spree.” \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"font-style:italic;\" >Los Angeles Times\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"\" >, June 6, 1998\u003C\u002Fspan>","\u003Cspan style=\"\" >sec. F, pp. 4, 6\u003C\u002Fspan>",19980606,{"pk":3559,"citation":3560,"mentions":3561,"year":401,"sort":3562},4675,"\u003Cspan style=\"\" >Baker, Kenneth. “Rauschenberg’s Reality.” \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"font-style:italic;\" >San Francisco Chronicle\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"\" >, August 20, 1998\u003C\u002Fspan>","\u003Cspan style=\"\" >sec. E, pp. 1, 1 (ill.), 4\u003C\u002Fspan>",19980820,{"pk":3564,"citation":3565,"mentions":3566,"year":129,"sort":130},2831,"\u003Cspan style=\"\" >Phillips, Lisa. \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"font-style:italic;\" >The American Century: Art and Culture, 1950–2000\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"\" >. New York: Whitney Museum of American Art; W. W. Norton, 1999. Exhibition catalogue\u003C\u002Fspan>","\u003Cspan style=\"\" >p. 83, 83 (fig. 116)\u003C\u002Fspan>",{"pk":3568,"citation":3569,"mentions":982,"year":129,"sort":130},2289,"\u003Cspan style=\"\" >Taylor, Paul. \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"font-style:italic;\" >Private Domain: An Autobiography\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"\" >. Pittsburgh: University of Pittsburgh Press, 1999\u003C\u002Fspan>",{"pk":3571,"citation":3572,"mentions":3573,"year":129,"sort":3574},5277,"\u003Cspan style=\"\" >Bonetti, David. “Rauschenberg Coup Cements SFMOMA’s Ascendance.” \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"font-style:italic;\" >San Francisco Examiner\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"\" >, May 21, 1999\u003C\u002Fspan>","\u003Cspan style=\"\" >sec. C, p. 4\u003C\u002Fspan>",19990521,{"pk":406,"citation":407,"mentions":3576,"year":409,"sort":410},"\u003Cspan style=\"\" >pp. vi, 16, 17 (fig. 13), 18–23\u003C\u002Fspan>",{"pk":660,"citation":661,"mentions":3578,"year":409,"sort":663},"\u003Cspan style=\"\" >pp. 113–15, 114 (fig. 13)\u003C\u002Fspan>",{"pk":1824,"citation":1825,"mentions":1826,"year":409,"sort":663},{"pk":1374,"citation":1375,"mentions":3581,"year":1205,"sort":1377},"\u003Cspan style=\"\" >p. 77\u003C\u002Fspan>",{"pk":412,"citation":413,"mentions":3583,"year":415,"sort":416},"\u003Cspan style=\"\" >pp. 29, 127\u003C\u002Fspan>",{"pk":132,"citation":133,"mentions":3585,"year":135,"sort":136},"\u003Cspan style=\"\" >pp. 63, 64 (ill.), 65, 91–92, 157\u003C\u002Fspan>",{"pk":1266,"citation":1267,"mentions":3587,"year":135,"sort":136},"\u003Cspan style=\"\" >pp. 24 (ill.), 25, 32, 83 (not exhibited)\u003C\u002Fspan>",{"pk":1147,"citation":1148,"mentions":3589,"year":1150,"sort":1151},"\u003Cspan style=\"\" >pp. 30–31, 45, 66 (fig. 33), 66–68, 80, 95 (not exhibited)\u003C\u002Fspan>",{"pk":421,"citation":3591,"mentions":3592,"year":1150,"sort":1151},"\u003Cspan style=\"\" >Stevens, Mark, and Annalyn Swan. \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"font-style:italic;\" >De Kooning: An American Master\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"\" >. New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 2004\u003C\u002Fspan>","\u003Cspan style=\"\" >pp. 359–60, 455\u003C\u002Fspan>",{"pk":3594,"citation":3595,"mentions":3596,"year":1150,"sort":1151},908,"\u003Cspan style=\"\" >Osaki, Shinichiro, ed. \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"font-style:italic;\" >Traces: Body and Idea in Contemporary Art\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"\" >. Kyoto: National Museum of Modern Art, 2004. Exhibition catalogue\u003C\u002Fspan>","\u003Cspan style=\"\" >pp. 17, 17 (ill.), 20, 318 (not exhibited)\u003C\u002Fspan>",{"pk":3598,"citation":3599,"mentions":3600,"year":1150,"sort":1151},6615,"\u003Cspan style=\"\" >Hess, Barbara. “Willem de Kooning: An Erasure.” In \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"font-style:italic;\" >Willem de Kooning, 1904–1997: Content as a Glimpse\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"\" >, by Barbara Hess, pp. 6–9. Cologne: Taschen, 2004\u003C\u002Fspan>","\u003Cspan style=\"\" >pp. 7–8, 8 (ill.)\u003C\u002Fspan>",{"pk":418,"citation":419,"mentions":3602,"year":421,"sort":422},"\u003Cspan style=\"\" >pp. 206, 248 (ill.) (not exhibited)\u003C\u002Fspan>",{"pk":424,"citation":425,"mentions":3604,"year":421,"sort":422},"\u003Cspan style=\"\" >pp. 87–88, 273, 286\u003C\u002Fspan>",{"pk":3606,"citation":3607,"mentions":1030,"year":421,"sort":3608},137,"\u003Cspan style=\"\" >Delfiner, Judith. “Quelques gouttes de sauvagerie sur Manhattan: La réception de Dada à New York, 1945–1957.” \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"font-style:italic;\" >Cahiers du Musée national d’art moderne\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"\" >, no. 93 (Autumn 2005)\u003C\u002Fspan>",20050900,{"pk":434,"citation":435,"mentions":3610,"year":431,"sort":432},"\u003Cspan style=\"\" >pp. 149–51, 154, 247–48\u003C\u002Fspan>",{"pk":1723,"citation":3612,"mentions":3613,"year":431,"sort":432},"\u003Cspan style=\"font-style:italic;\" >Robert Rauschenberg: On and Off the Wall\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"\" >. Aarhus, Denmark: ARoS Aarhus Kunstmuseum, 2006. Exhibition catalogue\u003C\u002Fspan>","\u003Cspan style=\"\" >pp. 40, 67–68 (not exhibited)\u003C\u002Fspan>",{"pk":3615,"citation":3616,"mentions":3617,"year":431,"sort":432},6616,"\u003Cspan style=\"\" >Shaw, Lytle. \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"font-style:italic;\" >Frank O’Hara: The Poetics of Coterie\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"\" >. Iowa City: University of Iowa Press, 2006\u003C\u002Fspan>","\u003Cspan style=\"\" >p. 127\u003C\u002Fspan>",{"pk":3619,"citation":3620,"mentions":15,"year":431,"sort":3621},402,"\u003Cspan style=\"\" >Katz, Vincent. “A Genteel Iconoclasm.” \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"font-style:italic;\" >Tate Etc\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"\" >., no. 8 (September 1, 2006)\u003C\u002Fspan>",20060901,{"pk":3623,"citation":3624,"mentions":3359,"year":441,"sort":3625},4093,"\u003Cspan style=\"\" >Baker, R. C. “Robert Rauschenberg, 1925–2008.” \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"font-style:italic;\" >Village Voice\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"\" >, May 21, 2008\u003C\u002Fspan>",20080521,{"pk":3627,"citation":3628,"mentions":3629,"year":441,"sort":2300},4252,"\u003Cspan style=\"\" >de la Durantaye, Leland. “Rummaging Through Rauschenberg’s Trash.” \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"font-style:italic;\" >Modern Painters\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"\" > 20, no. 6 (July–August 2008)\u003C\u002Fspan>","\u003Cspan style=\"\" >p. 73\u003C\u002Fspan>",{"pk":673,"citation":674,"mentions":3631,"year":676,"sort":677},"\u003Cspan style=\"\" >pp. 143 (pl. 107), 147\u003C\u002Fspan>",{"pk":1514,"citation":1515,"mentions":3633,"year":676,"sort":677},"\u003Cspan style=\"\" >pp. 29, 30 (fig. 13)\u003C\u002Fspan>",{"pk":3635,"citation":3636,"mentions":3637,"year":676,"sort":677},2905,"\u003Cspan style=\"\" >Darling, Michael, ed. \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"font-style:italic;\" >Target Practice: Painting Under Attack, 1949–78\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"\" >. Seattle: Seattle Art Museum, 2009. Exhibition catalogue\u003C\u002Fspan>","\u003Cspan style=\"\" >pp. 26, 26 (ill.), 149\u003C\u002Fspan>",{"pk":2066,"citation":2067,"mentions":3639,"year":942,"sort":943},"\u003Cspan style=\"\" >p. 157 (no. 91)\u003C\u002Fspan>",{"pk":1161,"citation":1162,"mentions":3641,"year":141,"sort":142},"\u003Cspan style=\"\" >pp. 23–24\u003C\u002Fspan>",{"pk":680,"citation":681,"mentions":3643,"year":141,"sort":142},"\u003Cspan style=\"\" >pp. 183–84, 213\u003C\u002Fspan>",{"pk":444,"citation":445,"mentions":3645,"year":146,"sort":447},"\u003Cspan style=\"\" >pp. 44, 45 (no. 41), 122\u003C\u002Fspan>",{"pk":1631,"citation":1632,"mentions":3647,"year":146,"sort":447},"\u003Cspan style=\"\" >pp. 3 (ill.), 4 (ill. [verso]), 14, 15 (ill. [infrared]) (not exhibited)\u003C\u002Fspan>",{"pk":3649,"citation":3650,"mentions":3651,"year":146,"sort":447},6187,"\u003Cspan style=\"\" >Brougher, Kerry, Russell Ferguson, and Dario Gamboni. \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"font-style:italic;\" >Damage Control: Art and Destruction Since 1950\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"\" >. Washington, D.C.: Hirshhorn Museum and Sculpture Garden; Munich: DelMonico\u002FPrestel, 2013. Exhibition catalogue\u003C\u002Fspan>","\u003Cspan style=\"\" >pp. 109–11, 110 (fig. 5), 113\u003C\u002Fspan>",{"pk":3653,"citation":3654,"mentions":3655,"year":146,"sort":447},6605,"\u003Cspan style=\"\" >Mundy, Jennifer. “Drawing Away.” In \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"font-style:italic;\" >Lost Art: Missing Artworks of the Twentieth Century\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"\" >, by Jennifer Mundy, pp. 174–78. London: Tate Publishing, 2013\u003C\u002Fspan>","\u003Cspan style=\"\" >pp. 14, 174 (ill. [infrared]), 175–78, 178 (ill.)\u003C\u002Fspan>",{"pk":3657,"citation":3658,"mentions":15,"year":146,"sort":147},6161,"\u003Cspan style=\"\" >Roberts, Sarah. “Automobile Tire Print.” Rauschenberg Research Project, San Francisco Museum of Modern Art, July 2013\u003C\u002Fspan>",{"pk":144,"citation":145,"mentions":15,"year":146,"sort":147},{"pk":3661,"citation":3662,"mentions":3663,"year":146,"sort":147},6167,"\u003Cspan style=\"\" >Roberts, Sarah. “Erased de Kooning Drawing.” Rauschenberg Research Project, San Francisco Museum of Modern Art, July 2013\u003C\u002Fspan>","\u003Cspan style=\"\" >(figs. 1, 2 [detail], 3 [verso, framed], 4 [verso, unframed], 6, 8 [infrared])\u003C\u002Fspan>",{"pk":1019,"citation":1020,"mentions":3665,"year":1022,"sort":1023},"\u003Cspan style=\"\" >pp. 45–46\u003C\u002Fspan>",{"pk":3667,"citation":3668,"mentions":3669,"year":561,"sort":562},2109,"\u003Cspan style=\"\" >Cotkin, George. “Erasure and Addition: Robert Rauschenberg 1953.” In \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"font-style:italic;\" >Feast of Excess: A Cultural History of the New Sensibility\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"\" >,\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"font-style:italic;\" > \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"\" >by George Cotkin, pp. 37–47. New York: Oxford University Press, 2015\u003C\u002Fspan>","\u003Cspan style=\"\" >pp. 37–41, 45\u003C\u002Fspan>",{"pk":450,"citation":451,"mentions":3671,"year":187,"sort":188},"\u003Cspan style=\"\" >pp. 12–13, 13 (fig. 7)\u003C\u002Fspan>",{"pk":454,"citation":455,"mentions":3673,"year":187,"sort":188},"\u003Cspan style=\"\" >pp. 89, 93–94, 97, 99 (pl. 57), 398\u003C\u002Fspan>",{"pk":1025,"citation":1026,"mentions":3675,"year":573,"sort":1028},"\u003Cspan style=\"\" >p. 245\u003C\u002Fspan>",{"pk":149,"citation":150,"mentions":3677,"year":152,"sort":153},"\u003Cspan style=\"\" >pp. 82, 108, 251, 262, 298–99, 302\u003C\u002Fspan>",{"pk":694,"citation":695,"mentions":3679,"year":697,"sort":698},"\u003Cspan style=\"\" >pp. 25, n.p. (fig. 3), pp. 196–97, 217–18\u003C\u002Fspan>",{"pk":3178,"citation":3179,"mentions":3681,"year":2218,"sort":3181},"\u003Cspan style=\"\" >pp. 138 (fig. 51), 138–39, 190, 257–58\u003C\u002Fspan>",{"pk":465,"citation":466,"mentions":15,"year":468,"sort":469},{"pk":471,"citation":472,"mentions":3684,"year":474,"sort":475},"\u003Cspan style=\"\" >pp. 39–40, 213 (not exhibited)\u003C\u002Fspan>",{"pk":3686,"citation":3687,"mentions":3688,"year":760,"sort":3689},6729,"\u003Cspan style=\"\" >Healy, Charlotte. “Erase, Copy, Repeat: Temporality in Willem de Kooning’s Drawing Practice.” In \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"font-style:italic;\" >Willem de Kooning Drawing\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"\" >, edited by Kevin Salatino, Mel Becker Solomon, Margaret Holben Ellis, and Charlotte Healy, pp. 80–93. Chicago: Art Institute of Chicago; Amsterdam: Rijksmuseum, 2026. Exhibition catalogue\u003C\u002Fspan>","\u003Cspan style=\"\" >pp. 80, 81 (ill.), 82 (ill. [infrared]), 83, 89–91 (not exhibited)\u003C\u002Fspan>",20260000,[3691,3693,3694,3696,3699,3700,3703,3705,3707,3708,3710,3712,3714,3717,3718,3721,3724,3727,3729,3731,3733,3736,3738,3740,3742,3743,3744,3746,3747,3748,3750,3752],{"citation":3692,"catalogue":15,"year":3279},"\u003Cspan style=\"\" >Pyramid Gallery, New York, drawings by New York painters and sculptors, December 22, 1957–February 5, 1958\u003C\u002Fspan>",{"citation":1404,"catalogue":15,"year":291},{"citation":3695,"catalogue":3032,"year":1596},"\u003Cspan style=\"\" >Solomon R. Guggenheim Museum, New York, \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"font-style:italic;\" >American Drawings\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"\" >, September 17–October 27, 1964. Traveled to University of Michigan Museum of Art, Ann Arbor, November 11–December 13, 1964; Grand Rapids Art Museum, Mich., January 10–February 7, 1965; University Gallery, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, February 24–March 24, 1965; Seattle Art Museum, April 8–May 2, 1965; Denver Art Museum, June 6–July 4, 1965; Dallas Museum of Fine Arts, July 25–August 22, 1965; Columbus Gallery of Fine Arts, Ohio, September 12–October 10, 1965; Krannert Art Museum, University of Illinois, Champaign, November 14–December 5, 1965\u003C\u002Fspan>",{"citation":3697,"catalogue":3698,"year":302},"\u003Cspan style=\"\" >Museum of Modern Art, New York, \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"font-style:italic;\" >Art in the Mirror\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"\" >, November 22, 1966–February 5, 1967. Traveled to Mansfield Fine Arts Guild, Ohio, March 10–April 2, 1967; San Francisco State College, April 21–May 14, 1967; Los Angeles Municipal Art Gallery, June 27–July 23, 1967; Los Angeles Valley College, Van Nuys, September 22–October 15, 1967; Museum of Fine Arts, Houston, November 3–December 3, 1967;  State University of New York College at Oswego, February 13–March 6, 1968\u003C\u002Fspan>","no. 30",{"citation":491,"catalogue":907,"year":315},{"citation":3701,"catalogue":3702,"year":2133},"\u003Cspan style=\"\" >New York Cultural Center, \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"font-style:italic;\" >3D into 2D: Drawing for Sculpture\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"\" >, January 19–March 11, 1973. Traveled to Art Gallery, Kingsborough Community College, City University of New York, Brooklyn, March 15–April 15, 1973; Vancouver Art Gallery, May 7–June 17, 1973; National Gallery of Canada, Ottawa, August 3–September 3, 1973; Allen Memorial Art Museum, Oberlin College, Ohio, October 13–November 18, 1973; Art Galleries, University of California, Santa Barbara, January 14–February 3, 1974\u003C\u002Fspan>","no. 77 (shown in New York only)",{"citation":2198,"catalogue":3704,"year":1655},"no. 50",{"citation":3706,"catalogue":502,"year":844},"\u003Cspan style=\"\" >Museum of Modern Art, New York, \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"font-style:italic;\" >Drawing Now: 1955–1975\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"\" >, January 23–March 9, 1976. Organized by International Council, Museum of Modern Art, New York. Traveled to Kunsthaus Zürich (as \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"font-style:italic;\" >Zeichnung heute\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"\" >), October 10–November 14, 1976; Staatliche Kunsthalle Baden-Baden, Germany (as \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"font-style:italic;\" >Zeichnung heute\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"\" >), November 25, 1976–January 16, 1977; Graphische Sammlung Albertina, Vienna (as \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"font-style:italic;\" >Zeichnung heute\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"\" >), January 28–March 6, 1977; Henie Onstad Kunstsenter, Høvikodden, Norway (as \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"font-style:italic;\" >Tegning i dag\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"\" >), March 17–April 24, 1977; Tel Aviv Museum, May 12–July 2, 1977\u003C\u002Fspan>",{"citation":493,"catalogue":1413,"year":79},{"citation":3709,"catalogue":15,"year":3427},"\u003Cspan style=\"\" >Whitney Museum of American Art, New York, \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"font-style:italic;\" >Art About Art\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"\" >, July 19–September 24, 1978. Traveled to North Carolina Museum of Art, Raleigh, October 15–November 26, 1978; Frederick S. Wight Art Gallery, University of California, Los Angeles, December 19, 1978–February 11, 1979; Portland Art Museum, Ore., March 6–April 15, 1979\u003C\u002Fspan>",{"citation":3711,"catalogue":15,"year":3427},"\u003Cspan style=\"\" >Kunsthalle Tübingen, Germany, \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"font-style:italic;\" >Robert Rauschenberg: Das zeichnerische Werk, 1949–1979\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"\" >, May 5–July 29, 1979. Traveled to Kunstmuseum Hannover mit Sammlung Sprengel, Germany, August 19–September 23, 1979\u003C\u002Fspan>",{"citation":496,"catalogue":3713,"year":344},"no. 88 (not shown in London)",{"citation":3715,"catalogue":3716,"year":344},"\u003Cspan style=\"\" >Rheinhallen, Cologne, \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"font-style:italic;\" >Westkunst: Zeitgenössische Kunst seit 1939\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"\" >, May 30–August 16, 1981. Organized by Museen der Stadt Köln, Cologne\u003C\u002Fspan>","no. 545",{"citation":1657,"catalogue":956,"year":88},{"citation":3719,"catalogue":3720,"year":989},"\u003Cspan style=\"\" >Museum Ludwig, Cologne, \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"font-style:italic;\" >Übrigens sterben immer die anderen: Marcel Duchamp und die Avantgarde seit 1950\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"\" >, January 15–March 6, 1988\u003C\u002Fspan>","no. 245",{"citation":3722,"catalogue":3723,"year":105},"\u003Cspan style=\"\" >Musée d’Art Moderne de la Ville de Paris, \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"font-style:italic;\" >L’art conceptuel, une perspective\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"\" >, November 22, 1989–February 18, 1990. Traveled to Fundación Caja de Pensiones, Madrid (as \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"font-style:italic;\" >Arte conceptual: Una perspectiva\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"\" >), March 20–April 29, 1990; Deichtorhallen, Hamburg (as \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"font-style:italic;\" >Concept Art: Eine Perspektive\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"\" >), May 16–July 1, 1990; Musée d’Art Contemporain de Montréal, August 5–October 21, 1990\u003C\u002Fspan>","no. 175 (shown in Paris and Madrid only)",{"citation":3725,"catalogue":3726,"year":113},"\u003Cspan style=\"\" >Kunst- und Ausstellungshalle der Bundesrepublik Deutschland, Bonn, Germany, \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"font-style:italic;\" >Territorium Artis\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"\" >, June 19–September 20, 1992\u003C\u002Fspan>","no. 146",{"citation":501,"catalogue":3728,"year":119},"(withdrawn early from San Francisco, returned to tour in New York)",{"citation":1301,"catalogue":3730,"year":639},"(not in cat.; not shown in Mito or Philadelphia)",{"citation":2018,"catalogue":3732,"year":639},"no. VI. 29",{"citation":3734,"catalogue":3735,"year":644},"\u003Cspan style=\"\" >Walker Art Center, Minneapolis, \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"font-style:italic;\" >Duchamp’s Leg\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"\" >, November 5, 1994–March 26, 1995. Traveled to Center for the Fine Arts, Miami, December 2, 1995–March 3, 1996\u003C\u002Fspan>","(shown in Minneapolis only)",{"citation":504,"catalogue":3737,"year":129},"no. 63",{"citation":3739,"catalogue":15,"year":409},"\u003Cspan style=\"\" >Whitney Museum of American Art, New York, \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"font-style:italic;\" >The American Century: Art and Culture, 1900–2000; Part II, 1950–2000\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"\" >, September 26, 1999–February 13, 2000\u003C\u002Fspan>",{"citation":3741,"catalogue":15,"year":1205},"\u003Cspan style=\"\" >San Francisco Museum of Modern Art, \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"font-style:italic;\" >Points of Departure: Connecting with Contemporary Art\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"\" >, March 23–October 28, 2001\u003C\u002Fspan>",{"citation":1562,"catalogue":15,"year":415},{"citation":709,"catalogue":15,"year":135},{"citation":3745,"catalogue":15,"year":676},"\u003Cspan style=\"\" >Seattle Art Museum, \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"font-style:italic;\" >Target Practice: Painting Under Attack 1949–78\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"\" >, June 25–September 7, 2009\u003C\u002Fspan>",{"citation":2100,"catalogue":15,"year":942},{"citation":711,"catalogue":478,"year":141},{"citation":3749,"catalogue":15,"year":1022},"\u003Cspan style=\"\" >Hirshhorn Museum and Sculpture Garden, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, D.C., \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"font-style:italic;\" >Damage Control: Art and Destruction Since 1950\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"\" >, October 24, 2013–May 26, 2014\u003C\u002Fspan>",{"citation":3751,"catalogue":15,"year":1022},"\u003Cspan style=\"\" >Drawing Biennale 2014, \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"font-style:italic;\" >The Future Shapes the Past \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"\" >(\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"font-style:italic;\" >Fremtiden former fortiden\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"\" >), Oslo, October 10–November 23, 2014. Organized by Kunsthall Oslo and Tegnerforbundet, Oslo\u003C\u002Fspan>",{"citation":507,"catalogue":15,"year":152},"105 erased de kooning drawing 1953 erased drawing with label and gilded frame 25 1\u002F4 × 21 3\u002F4 in. (64.1 × 55.3 cm) san francisco museum of modern art, purchase through a gift of phyllis c. wattis (98.298) 53.d001 inscribed by jasper johns on label: erased de kooning drawing \u002F robert rauschenberg \u002F 1953 san francisco museum of modern art, purchase, 1998 (via pacewildenstein, new york) 1953 1953 sandler, irving. “new york painters’ and sculptors’ drawings.” artnews 56, no. 9 (january 1958) p. 19 tōno, yoshiaki. “international look at the usa: japanese, from a gulliver’s point of view.” art in america 48, no. 2 (summer 1960) p. 58 cage, john. “on robert rauschenberg, artist, and his work.” metro (milan), no. 2 (1961) p. 41 cage, john. “on robert rauschenberg, artist, and his work.” in silence: lectures and writings by john cage , pp. 98–108. middletown, conn.: wesleyan university press, 1961 p. 101 parinaud, andré. “un ‘misfit’ de la peinture new-yorkaise se confesse.” arts (paris), no. 821 (may 10, 1961) p. 18 american drawings . new york: solomon r. guggenheim foundation, 1964. exhibition catalogue no. 106, n.p. kozloff, max. “the impact of de kooning.” in new york: the art world , edited by james r. mellow, pp. 77–88. new york: arts digest, 1964 pp. 77, 79–80 berkman, florence. “pop art on exhibition free, far out.” hartford times , january 11, 1964 as erased drawing tomkins, calvin. “profiles: moving out.” new yorker 40, no. 2 (february 29, 1964) pp. 66, 71 calas, nicolas. “robert rauschenberg.” kulchur (new york) 4, no. 15 (autumn 1964) p. 24 o’doherty, brian. “vanity fair: the new york art scene.”  newsweek 65, no. 1 (january 4, 1965) p. 58 sherman, john k. “drawing affords a certain freedom: guggenheim collection is lively example.”  minneapolis tribune , march 7, 1965 sec. e, p. 4 art in the mirror: an exhibition . new york: museum of modern art, 1966. exhibition brochure no. 30, n.p. kaprow, allan. “experimental art.” artnews 65, no. 1 (march 1966) p. 63 kostelanetz, richard. “the artist as playwright and engineer.” new york times magazine , october 9, 1966 pp. 122, 124 rosenberg, harold. “the art world: defining art.” new yorker 43, no. 1 (february 25, 1967) p. 99 seldis, henry j. “‘mirror’ exhibit unrevealing.”  los angeles times , july 2, 1967 p. 30 robert rauschenberg: selections . fort worth, texas: fort worth art center museum, 1968. exhibition catalogue no. 6, n.p. robert rauschenberg . amsterdam: stedelijk museum, 1968. exhibition catalogue p. 68 (not exhibited) forge, andrew. rauschenberg . new york: harry n. abrams, [1969] pp. 7, 25 cage, john. a year from monday: new lectures and writings . middletown, conn.: wesleyan university press, 1969 pp. 71, 75 hopkins, henry t. “in the museums: robert rauschenberg.” arts magazine (new york) 43, no. 4 (february 1969) p. 55 steinberg, leo. “reflections on the state of criticism.” artforum 10, no. 7 (march 1972) p. 47 ginsburg, susan. 3d into 2d: drawing for sculpture . new york: new york cultural center, 1973. exhibition brochure no. 77, p. 31 poets of the cities: new york and san francisco, 1950–1965 . dallas: dallas museum of fine arts, 1974. exhibition catalogue no. 50, pp. 35, 45, 76 (pl. 4) haacke, lorraine. “robert rauschenberg—evolving from the shadows.” dallas times herald , november 20, 1974 sec. f, pp. 1, 11 robert rauschenberg . washington, d.c.: national collection of fine arts, smithsonian institution, 1976. exhibition catalogue no. 24, p. 75, 75 (ill.) rose, bernice. drawing now . new york: museum of modern art, 1976. exhibition catalogue pp. 8 (ill.), 12 rosenberg, harold. “the art world: american drawing and the academy of the erased de kooning.” new yorker 52, no. 5 (march 22, 1976) pp. 106–8 mckendry, maxime de la falaise. “robert rauschenberg talks to maxime de la falaise mckendry.” interview 6, no. 5 (may 1976) p. 36 hughes, robert. “the most living artist.” time 108, no. 22 (november 29, 1976) p. 61 forgey, benjamin. “an artist for all decades.” artnews 76, no. 1 (january 1977) p. 35 stuckey, charles f. “reading rauschenberg.” art in america 65, no. 2 (march–april 1977) p. 79 ratcliff, carter. “new york.” art international (lugano, switzerland) 21, no. 3 (may–june 1977) pp. 60–61 rosenberg, harold. “the art world: souvenirs of an avant-garde.” new yorker 53, no. 13 (may 16, 1977) pp. 124–27 bloomfield, arthur. “art of the enfant terrible.” san francisco examiner , june 24, 1977 p. 25 roth, moira. “the aesthetic of indifference.” artforum 16, no. 3 (november 1977) pp. 50, 52 (ill.) de la falaise, maxime. “rauschenberg à washington et à new york.” xx e siècle (paris) 39, no. 49 (december 1977) pp. 28–29 schulze, franz. “rauschenberg’s cheerful cheek.” chicago daily news , december 3–4, 1977 “panorama” sec., p. 15 lipman, jean, and richard marshall. art about art . new york: e. p. dutton; whitney museum of american art, 1978. exhibition catalogue pp. 142, 147, 147 (ill.) sandler, irving. “rauschenberg and johns.” in the new york school: the painters and sculptors of the fifties , by irving sandler, pp. 174–95. new york: harper & row, 1978 p. 177 robert rauschenberg: zeichnungen, gouachen, collagen 1949 bis 1979 . munich: r. piper, 1979. exhibition catalogue pp. 11, 176 sutinen, paul. “rauschenberg’s quieter revolution.” willamette week (portland, ore.), april 23, 1979 p. 9 robert rauschenberg: werke 1950–1980 . berlin: staatliche kunsthalle berlin, 1980. exhibition catalogue no. 88, pp. 58, 262, 263 (ill.) tomkins, calvin.  off the wall: robert rauschenberg and the art world of our time . garden city, n.y.: doubleday, 1980 pp. 96–97, 299 “robert rauschenberg.” special issue, louisiana revy (humlebæk, denmark) 21, no. 1 (september 1980) no. 63, p. 46, 46 (ill.) glozer, laszlo. westkunst: zeitgenössische kunst seit 1939 . cologne: dumont, 1981. exhibition catalogue no. 545, p. 23, 23 (ill.) robert rauschenberg . london: tate gallery, 1981. exhibition brochure n.p. (not exhibited) ratcliff, carter. “mostly monochrome.” art in america 69, no. 4 (april 1981) pp. 120 (ill.), 122–23 mcewen, john. “now and zen.” spectator (london) 246, no. 7975 (may 16, 1981) p. 27 copeland, roger. “the politics of perception.” contact quarterly 6, no. 2 (winter 1981) p. 17 de antonio, emile, and mitch tuchman.  painters painting: a candid history of the modern art scene, 1940–1970 . new york: abbeville, 1984 pp. 91–92 bolmeier, jane. “response and documentation: aesthetic inquiry relevant to selected works of robert rauschenberg.” phd diss., new york university, 1984. proquest (303303575) pp. 2, 45–46, 47 (fig. 6), 48–58, 225, 270–71, 274 rauschenberg . madrid: fundación juan march, 1985. exhibition catalogue no. 4, n.p. (ill.) hunter, sam. selections from the ileana and michael sonnabend collection: works from the 1950s and 1960s . princeton, n.j.: art museum, princeton university, 1985. exhibition catalogue pp. 21, 76 (not exhibited) rose, barbara. rauschenberg . new york: vintage books, 1987 pp. 4, 51 übrigens sterben immer die anderen: marcel duchamp und die avantgarde seit 1950 . cologne: museum ludwig, 1988. exhibition catalogue no. 245, p. 331 l’art conceptuel, une perspective . paris: paris-musées, 1989. exhibition catalogue no. 175, pp. 15, 21, 223, 223 (ill.) feinstein, roni. “random order: the first fifteen years of robert rauschenberg’s art, 1949–1964.” phd diss., new york university, 1990. proquest (303859753) pp. 140–46, 182–83, 331, 342, 489, n.p. (fig. 50) hopps, walter. robert rauschenberg: the early 1950s . houston: menil collection; houston fine art press, 1991. exhibition catalogue pp. 160–62, 168, 201 (pl. 127), 227 “a close-up of an artist’s evolution at corcoran.” washington times , june 24, 1991 sec. e, p. 3 saff, donald j. “conservation of matter: robert rauschenberg’s art of acceptance.” aperture , no. 125 (fall 1991) p. 30 johnson, patricia c. “’50s unveiled: rauschenberg shows work new to public.” houston chronicle , september 29, 1991 “zest” sec., p. 22 ennis, michael. “a protean talent.” texas monthly 19, no. 11 (november 1991) p. 82 wood, carol. “robert rauschenberg.” arts magazine (new york) 66, no. 3 (november 1991) p. 84 hultén, pontus. territorium artis . bonn, germany: kunst- und ausstellungshalle der bundesrepublik deutschland; stuttgart: gerd hatje, 1992. exhibition catalogue no. 146, pp. 282, 283 (ill.) camper, fred. “the unordered universe.” reader (chicago), march 27, 1992 sec. 1, pp. 30–32 colpitt, frances. “rauschenberg: in the beginning.” art in america 80, no. 4 (april 1992) pp. 128–29 bonetti, david. “rauschenberg: ’50s fervor at sfmoma.” san francisco examiner , may 14, 1992 sec. b, p. 6 baker, kenneth. “a ’50s look at robert rauschenberg.” san francisco chronicle , may 15, 1992 sec. d, p. 3 knight, christopher. “enlightening look at early work of robert rauschenberg.” los angeles times , may 20, 1992 sec. f, pp. 1, 6 tarshis, jerome. “creativity knew no limits.” christian science monitor , september 14, 1992 p. 16 larson, kay. “zen and the art.” new york 25, no. 45 (november 16, 1992) p. 90 robert rauschenberg. tokyo: kodansha, 1993 pp. 89 (pl. 63), 93 robert rauschenberg: the 2nd hiroshima art prize . hiroshima: hiroshima city museum of contemporary art, 1993. exhibition catalogue pp. 38, 42 (not exhibited) la biennale di venezia, 46. esposizione internazionale d’arte: identity and alterity, figures of the body 1895\u002F1995. venice: marsilio, 1995. exhibition catalogue no. vi. 29, p. 385 (ill.) hopps, walter, and susan davidson. robert rauschenberg: a retrospective . new york: solomon r. guggenheim foundation, 1997. exhibition catalogue no. 63, pp. 41, 44, 92 (pl. 63), 221 bois, yve-alain. “early lead.” artforum 36, no. 1 (september 1997) p. 97 hickey, dave. “open charms.” artforum 36, no. 1 (september 1997) pp. 101, 152 pacheco, patrick. “he got painting’s goat.” art and antiques 20, no. 8 (september 1997) p. 105 richardson, john. “rauschenberg’s epic vision.” vanity fair , no. 445 (september 1997) p. 322 stevens, mark. “more is more.” new york 30, no. 37 (september 29, 1997) pp. 54, 56 tomkins, calvin. “master of invention.” new yorker 73, no. 31 (october 13, 1997) pp. 92, 94 doran, anne, and walter hopps. “robert rauschenberg: here comes everybody.” atlántica: revista de las artes (las palmas, spain), no. 21 (1998) p. 156 godfrey, tony. conceptual art . london: phaidon, 1998 pp. 62 (ill.), 63–64, 75, 81 feinstein, roni. “rauschenberg: solutions for a small planet.” art in america 86, no. 2 (february 1998) p. 69 johnson, patricia c. “melding pot.” houston chronicle , february 15, 1998 p. 9 haithman, diane. “s. f. museum of modern art goes on a buying spree.”  los angeles times , june 6, 1998 sec. f, pp. 4, 6 baker, kenneth. “rauschenberg’s reality.” san francisco chronicle , august 20, 1998 sec. e, pp. 1, 1 (ill.), 4 phillips, lisa. the american century: art and culture, 1950–2000 . new york: whitney museum of american art; w. w. norton, 1999. exhibition catalogue p. 83, 83 (fig. 116) taylor, paul.  private domain: an autobiography . pittsburgh: university of pittsburgh press, 1999 p. 55 bonetti, david. “rauschenberg coup cements sfmoma’s ascendance.” san francisco examiner , may 21, 1999 sec. c, p. 4 steinberg, leo.  encounters with rauschenberg (a lavishly illustrated lecture) . houston: menil collection; chicago: university of chicago press, 2000 pp. vi, 16, 17 (fig. 13), 18–23 joseph, branden w. “white on white.” critical inquiry 27, no. 1 (autumn 2000) pp. 113–15, 114 (fig. 13) belcove, julie l. “old master.” w (new york) 29, no. 9 (september 2000) p. 507 meyer, james. “introduction to the ‘minimal’ 1: ‘black, white, and gray.’” in minimalism: art and polemics in the sixties , by james meyer, pp. 76–81. new haven, conn.: yale university press, 2001 p. 77 joseph, branden w., ed.  robert rauschenberg .   cambridge, mass.: mit press, 2002 pp. 29, 127 joseph, branden w. random order: robert rauschenberg and the neo-avant-garde . cambridge, mass.: mit press, 2003 pp. 63, 64 (ill.), 65, 91–92, 157 molesworth, helen, ed. work ethic . baltimore: baltimore museum of art; university park: pennsylvania state university press, 2003. exhibition catalogue pp. 24 (ill.), 25, 32, 83 (not exhibited) davidson, susan, and david white. rauschenberg . ferrara, italy: ferrara arte, 2004. exhibition catalogue pp. 30–31, 45, 66 (fig. 33), 66–68, 80, 95 (not exhibited) stevens, mark, and annalyn swan. de kooning: an american master . new york: alfred a. knopf, 2004 pp. 359–60, 455 osaki, shinichiro, ed. traces: body and idea in contemporary art . kyoto: national museum of modern art, 2004. exhibition catalogue pp. 17, 17 (ill.), 20, 318 (not exhibited) hess, barbara. “willem de kooning: an erasure.” in willem de kooning, 1904–1997: content as a glimpse , by barbara hess, pp. 6–9. cologne: taschen, 2004 pp. 7–8, 8 (ill.) schimmel, paul. robert rauschenberg: combines . los angeles: museum of contemporary art, 2005. exhibition catalogue pp. 206, 248 (ill.) (not exhibited) tomkins, calvin. off the wall: a portrait of robert rauschenberg . new york: picador, 2005 pp. 87–88, 273, 286 delfiner, judith. “quelques gouttes de sauvagerie sur manhattan: la réception de dada à new york, 1945–1957.” cahiers du musée national d’art moderne , no. 93 (autumn 2005) p. 71 pissarro, joachim.  cézanne\u002Fpissarro, johns\u002Frauschenberg: comparative studies on intersubjectivity in modern art . new york: cambridge university press, 2006 pp. 149–51, 154, 247–48 robert rauschenberg: on and off the wall . aarhus, denmark: aros aarhus kunstmuseum, 2006. exhibition catalogue pp. 40, 67–68 (not exhibited) shaw, lytle. frank o’hara: the poetics of coterie . iowa city: university of iowa press, 2006 p. 127 katz, vincent. “a genteel iconoclasm.” tate etc ., no. 8 (september 1, 2006) baker, r. c. “robert rauschenberg, 1925–2008.” village voice , may 21, 2008 p. 47 de la durantaye, leland. “rummaging through rauschenberg’s trash.” modern painters 20, no. 6 (july–august 2008) p. 73 bishop, janet, corey keller, and sarah roberts, eds. san francisco museum of modern art: 75 years of looking forward . san francisco: san francisco museum of modern art, 2009. exhibition catalogue pp. 143 (pl. 107), 147 lanchner, carolyn. robert rauschenberg . new york: museum of modern art, 2009 pp. 29, 30 (fig. 13) darling, michael, ed. target practice: painting under attack, 1949–78 . seattle: seattle art museum, 2009. exhibition catalogue pp. 26, 26 (ill.), 149 glimcher, arne. 50 years at pace . new york: pace gallery, 2010. exhibition catalogue p. 157 (no. 91) davidson, susan, and david white, eds.  robert rauschenberg: photographs 1949–1962 . new york: d.a.p.\u002Fdistributed art publishers, 2011 pp. 23–24 delfiner, judith. double-barrelled gun: dada aux états-unis (1947–1957) . dijon: les presses du réel, 2011 pp. 183–84, 213 craft, catherine.  robert rauschenberg . london: phaidon, 2013 pp. 44, 45 (no. 41), 122 the show is over . london: gagosian gallery, 2013. exhibition catalogue pp. 3 (ill.), 4 (ill. [verso]), 14, 15 (ill. [infrared]) (not exhibited) brougher, kerry, russell ferguson, and dario gamboni. damage control: art and destruction since 1950 . washington, d.c.: hirshhorn museum and sculpture garden; munich: delmonico\u002Fprestel, 2013. exhibition catalogue pp. 109–11, 110 (fig. 5), 113 mundy, jennifer. “drawing away.” in lost art: missing artworks of the twentieth century , by jennifer mundy, pp. 174–78. london: tate publishing, 2013 pp. 14, 174 (ill. [infrared]), 175–78, 178 (ill.) roberts, sarah. “automobile tire print.” rauschenberg research project, san francisco museum of modern art, july 2013 davidson, susan. “mother of god.” rauschenberg research project, san francisco museum of modern art, july 2013 roberts, sarah. “erased de kooning drawing.” rauschenberg research project, san francisco museum of modern art, july 2013 (figs. 1, 2 [detail], 3 [verso, framed], 4 [verso, unframed], 6, 8 [infrared]) crow, thomas.  the long march of pop: art, music, and design, 1930–1995 . new haven, conn.: yale university press, 2014 pp. 45–46 cotkin, george. “erasure and addition: robert rauschenberg 1953.” in feast of excess: a cultural history of the new sensibility , by george cotkin, pp. 37–47. new york: oxford university press, 2015 pp. 37–41, 45 krčma, ed. robert rauschenberg . london: tate publishing, 2016 pp. 12–13, 13 (fig. 7) dickerman, leah, and achim borchardt-hume. robert rauschenberg . new york: museum of modern art; london: tate publishing, 2016. exhibition catalogue pp. 89, 93–94, 97, 99 (pl. 57), 398 hopps, walter. “robert rauschenberg.” in the dream colony: a life in art , by walter hopps pp. 237–55. new york: bloomsbury, 2017 p. 245 kotz, mary lynn. rauschenberg: art and life . 3rd ed. new york: harry n. abrams, 2018 pp. 82, 108, 251, 262, 298–99, 302 sinclair, sara, with mary marshall clark and peter bearman, eds. robert rauschenberg: an oral history . new york: columbia university press, 2019 pp. 25, n.p. (fig. 3), pp. 196–97, 217–18 becker, anne-grit. cy twombly und robert rauschenberg: bilder im prozess . munich: metzel, 2020 pp. 138 (fig. 51), 138–39, 190, 257–58 stemmrich, gregor. robert rauschenberg’s “erased de kooning drawing” (1953): modernism, literalism, postmodernism . translated by steven lindberg. berlin: hatje cantz, 2023 dziewior, yilmaz, and achim hochdörfer, with arthur fink, eds. five friends: john cage, merce cunningham, jasper johns, robert rauschenberg, cy twombly. munich: museum brandhorst; cologne: museum ludwig, 2025. exhibition catalogue pp. 39–40, 213 (not exhibited) healy, charlotte. “erase, copy, repeat: temporality in willem de kooning’s drawing practice.” in willem de kooning drawing , edited by kevin salatino, mel becker solomon, margaret holben ellis, and charlotte healy, pp. 80–93. chicago: art institute of chicago; amsterdam: rijksmuseum, 2026. exhibition catalogue pp. 80, 81 (ill.), 82 (ill. [infrared]), 83, 89–91 (not exhibited) pyramid gallery, new york, drawings by new york painters and sculptors, december 22, 1957–february 5, 1958 wadsworth atheneum, hartford, conn., black, white and grey , january 9–february 9, 1964 solomon r. guggenheim museum, new york, american drawings , september 17–october 27, 1964. traveled to university of michigan museum of art, ann arbor, november 11–december 13, 1964; grand rapids art museum, mich., january 10–february 7, 1965; university gallery, university of minnesota, minneapolis, february 24–march 24, 1965; seattle art museum, april 8–may 2, 1965; denver art museum, june 6–july 4, 1965; dallas museum of fine arts, july 25–august 22, 1965; columbus gallery of fine arts, ohio, september 12–october 10, 1965; krannert art museum, university of illinois, champaign, november 14–december 5, 1965 no. 106 museum of modern art, new york, art in the mirror , november 22, 1966–february 5, 1967. traveled to mansfield fine arts guild, ohio, march 10–april 2, 1967; san francisco state college, april 21–may 14, 1967; los angeles municipal art gallery, june 27–july 23, 1967; los angeles valley college, van nuys, september 22–october 15, 1967; museum of fine arts, houston, november 3–december 3, 1967; state university of new york college at oswego, february 13–march 6, 1968 no. 30 fort worth art center museum, texas, robert rauschenberg: selections , january 5–february 2, 1969 no. 6 new york cultural center, 3d into 2d: drawing for sculpture , january 19–march 11, 1973. traveled to art gallery, kingsborough community college, city university of new york, brooklyn, march 15–april 15, 1973; vancouver art gallery, may 7–june 17, 1973; national gallery of canada, ottawa, august 3–september 3, 1973; allen memorial art museum, oberlin college, ohio, october 13–november 18, 1973; art galleries, university of california, santa barbara, january 14–february 3, 1974 no. 77 (shown in new york only) dallas museum of fine arts and pollock galleries, southern methodist university, dallas, poets of the cities: new york and san francisco, 1950–1965 , november 20–december 29, 1974. traveled to san francisco museum of art, january 31–march 23, 1975; wadsworth atheneum, hartford, conn., april 23–june 1, 1975 no. 50 museum of modern art, new york, drawing now: 1955–1975 , january 23–march 9, 1976. organized by international council, museum of modern art, new york. traveled to kunsthaus zürich (as zeichnung heute ), october 10–november 14, 1976; staatliche kunsthalle baden-baden, germany (as zeichnung heute ), november 25, 1976–january 16, 1977; graphische sammlung albertina, vienna (as zeichnung heute ), january 28–march 6, 1977; henie onstad kunstsenter, høvikodden, norway (as tegning i dag ), march 17–april 24, 1977; tel aviv museum, may 12–july 2, 1977 (shown in new york only) national collection of fine arts, smithsonian institution, washington, d.c., robert rauschenberg , october 30, 1976–january 2, 1977. traveled to museum of modern art, new york, march 25–may 17, 1977; san francisco museum of modern art, june 24–august 21, 1977; albright-knox art gallery, buffalo, n.y., september 25–october 30, 1977; art institute of chicago, december 3, 1977–january 15, 1978 no. 24 whitney museum of american art, new york, art about art , july 19–september 24, 1978. traveled to north carolina museum of art, raleigh, october 15–november 26, 1978; frederick s. wight art gallery, university of california, los angeles, december 19, 1978–february 11, 1979; portland art museum, ore., march 6–april 15, 1979 kunsthalle tübingen, germany, robert rauschenberg: das zeichnerische werk, 1949–1979 , may 5–july 29, 1979. traveled to kunstmuseum hannover mit sammlung sprengel, germany, august 19–september 23, 1979 staatliche kunsthalle berlin, robert rauschenberg: werke 1950–1980 , march 25–may 4, 1980. traveled to städtische kunsthalle düsseldorf and kunstverein für die rheinlande und westfalen, düsseldorf (as robert rauschenberg ), june 7–july 13, 1980; louisiana museum of modern art, humlebæk, denmark (as robert rauschenberg ), september 20–november 23, 1980; städelsches kunstinstitut und städtische galerie, frankfurt, december 4, 1980–january 18, 1981; städtische galerie im lenbachhaus, munich, february 4–april 5, 1981; tate gallery, london (as robert rauschenberg ), april 29–june 14, 1981 no. 88 (not shown in london) rheinhallen, cologne, westkunst: zeitgenössische kunst seit 1939 , may 30–august 16, 1981. organized by museen der stadt köln, cologne no. 545 fundación juan march, madrid, rauschenberg , february 8–march 24, 1985. traveled to fundació joan miró, barcelona, march 28–may 19, 1985 no. 4 museum ludwig, cologne, übrigens sterben immer die anderen: marcel duchamp und die avantgarde seit 1950 , january 15–march 6, 1988 no. 245 musée d’art moderne de la ville de paris, l’art conceptuel, une perspective , november 22, 1989–february 18, 1990. traveled to fundación caja de pensiones, madrid (as arte conceptual: una perspectiva ), march 20–april 29, 1990; deichtorhallen, hamburg (as concept art: eine perspektive ), may 16–july 1, 1990; musée d’art contemporain de montréal, august 5–october 21, 1990 no. 175 (shown in paris and madrid only) kunst- und ausstellungshalle der bundesrepublik deutschland, bonn, germany, territorium artis , june 19–september 20, 1992 no. 146 corcoran gallery of art, washington, d.c., robert rauschenberg: the early 1950s , june 15–august 11, 1991. organized by menil collection, houston. traveled to menil collection, houston, september 27, 1991–january 5, 1992; museum of contemporary art chicago, february 8–april 19, 1992; san francisco museum of modern art, may 14–august 16, 1992; guggenheim museum soho, new york, october 24, 1992–january 24, 1993 (withdrawn early from san francisco, returned to tour in new york) museum of contemporary art, los angeles, rolywholyover: a circus, september 12–november 28, 1993. traveled to menil collection, houston, january 14–april 2, 1994; guggenheim museum soho, new york, april 23–july 31, 1994; art tower mito, japan, november 3, 1994–february 26, 1995; philadelphia museum of art, june 4–july 30, 1995 (not in cat.; not shown in mito or philadelphia) 46th venice biennale, identità e alterità: figure del corpo 1895–1995 ( identity and alterity: figures of the body 1895–1995 ), june 10–october 14, 1995 no. vi. 29 walker art center, minneapolis, duchamp’s leg , november 5, 1994–march 26, 1995. traveled to center for the fine arts, miami, december 2, 1995–march 3, 1996 (shown in minneapolis only) solomon r. guggenheim museum, new york, robert rauschenberg: a retrospective , september 19, 1997–january 7, 1998 (also guggenheim museum soho, new york, september 19, 1997–january 4, 1998, and ace gallery, new york, september 19–november 9, 1997). traveled to menil collection, contemporary arts museum houston, and museum of fine arts, houston, february 13–may 17, 1998; museum ludwig, cologne (as robert rauschenberg: retrospektive ), june 27–october 11, 1998; museo guggenheim bilbao (as robert rauschenberg: retrospectiva ), november 21, 1998–march 7, 1999 no. 63 whitney museum of american art, new york, the american century: art and culture, 1900–2000; part ii, 1950–2000 , september 26, 1999–february 13, 2000 san francisco museum of modern art, points of departure: connecting with contemporary art , march 23–october 28, 2001 san francisco museum of modern art, points of departure ii: connecting with contemporary art , november 17, 2001–june 9, 2002 san francisco museum of modern art, treasures of modern art: the legacy of phyllis wattis at sfmoma , january 30–june 24, 2003 seattle art museum, target practice: painting under attack 1949–78 , june 25–september 7, 2009 pace gallery, new york, 50 years at pace , september 17–october 23, 2010 san francisco museum of modern art, 75 years of looking forward: the anniversary show , december 19, 2009–january 16, 2011 (withdrawn early) hirshhorn museum and sculpture garden, smithsonian institution, washington, d.c., damage control: art and destruction since 1950 , october 24, 2013–may 26, 2014 drawing biennale 2014, the future shapes the past ( fremtiden former fortiden ), oslo, october 10–november 23, 2014. organized by kunsthall oslo and tegnerforbundet, oslo tate modern, london, robert rauschenberg , december 1, 2016–april 2, 2017. organized with museum of modern art, new york. traveled to museum of modern art, new york (as robert rauschenberg: among friends ), may 21–september 17, 2017; san francisco museum of modern art (as robert rauschenberg: erasing the rules ), november 18, 2017–march 25, 2018",{"fieldData":3755,"portalData":3759,"recordId":3760,"modId":1865,"bibliographyItems":3761,"exhibitionItems":3764,"searchText":3765},{"pk_ArtworkID":2547,"Unique Impression ID":3756,"Artist":9,"Title":197,"Display Date":2110,"zc_YearFirst":1062,"Medium":3757,"Dimensions":14,"zf_WebPublished":15,"Series":15,"Reg Number Text":3756,"fk_ArtworkSeriesID":15,"zc_htmlTitle":201,"Credit Line":52,"zc_htmlCreditLine":53,"CR_Inscriptions":15,"zc_htmlCRInscriptions":15,"TItle_Alternative":15,"zc_htmlTitleAlternative":15,"Studio":2035,"fk_StudioID":2036,"CR_Classification":19,"Public Notes":15,"CR_Provenance":15,"zc_SortRegNo":788,"zc_SortRegNo2":21,"zc_htmlCRPublicNotes":15,"zc_htmlCRProvenance":15,"zc_CR_examDate":15,"CR_followup":15,"zf_CR":22,"modificationTimestampAPI":3758,"cr_sequence_number":3075,"Search Year Start":1062,"Search Year Start Circa":22,"Search Year End":1062,"Search Year End Circa":22,"Year":2110,"CR Number":219,"zf_CRpublished":22,"zf_nonextant":22},"53.001","Dirt on unknown support (?)","07\u002F30\u002F2026 14:07:10",{},"104",[3762],{"pk":36,"citation":37,"mentions":3763,"year":39,"sort":40},"\u003Cspan style=\"\" >pp. 162, 210 (pl. 136) (not exhibited)\u003C\u002Fspan>",[],"108 untitled ca. 1953 dirt on unknown support (?) dimensions unknown presumed destroyed 53.001 1953 1953 hopps, walter. robert rauschenberg: the early 1950s . houston: menil collection; 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(22 × 22.2 cm)","\u003Cspan style=\"font-style:italic;\" >Pink Clay Painting (To Pete)\u003C\u002Fspan>","The Menil Collection, Houston, Purchased with funds provided by the Scaler Foundation, in memory of Frances Dittmer (2014-7)","\u003Cspan style=\"\" >The Menil Collection, Houston, Purchased with funds provided by the Scaler Foundation, in memory of Frances Dittmer (2014-7)\u003C\u002Fspan>","Inscribed on back, upper right: To PETE \u002F RAUSCHENBERG \u002F 1953","\u003Cspan style=\"\" >Inscribed on back, upper right: \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"font-style:italic;\" >To PETE\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"\" > \u002F \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"font-style:italic;\" >RAUSCHENBERG\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"\" > \u002F \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"font-style:italic;\" >1953\u003C\u002Fspan>","Paul Taylor, New York, gift of the artist, ca. 1954–58\r[Sotheby’s, New York, May 15, 2014, lot 160]\rThe Menil Collection, Houston, purchase at above, 2014","\u003Cspan style=\"\" >Paul Taylor, New York, gift of the artist, ca. 1954–58\u003Cbr\u002F>[Sotheby’s, New York, May 15, 2014, lot 160]\u003Cbr\u002F>The Menil Collection, Houston, purchase at above, 2014\u003C\u002Fspan>","09\u002F29\u002F2026 12:38:08",{},"105","491",[3785,3787,3789,3791,3795],{"pk":36,"citation":37,"mentions":3786,"year":39,"sort":40},"\u003Cspan style=\"\" >pp. 162, 212 (pl. 138)\u003C\u002Fspan>",{"pk":374,"citation":375,"mentions":3788,"year":377,"sort":378},"\u003Cspan style=\"\" >p. 554 (not exhibited)\u003C\u002Fspan>",{"pk":3568,"citation":3569,"mentions":3790,"year":129,"sort":130},"\u003Cspan style=\"\" >pp. 59–60\u003C\u002Fspan>",{"pk":3792,"citation":3793,"mentions":3794,"year":431,"sort":432},990,"\u003Cspan style=\"font-style:italic;\" >Nothing and Everything\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"\" >. San Francisco: Fraenkel Gallery, 2006. Exhibition catalogue\u003C\u002Fspan>","\u003Cspan style=\"\" >frontispiece (ill.)\u003C\u002Fspan>",{"pk":454,"citation":455,"mentions":3796,"year":187,"sort":188},"\u003Cspan style=\"\" >p. 105 (pl. 65)\u003C\u002Fspan>",[3798,3799,3801,3802],{"citation":501,"catalogue":502,"year":119},{"citation":3800,"catalogue":15,"year":1794},"\u003Cspan style=\"\" >Peter Freeman, New York, \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"font-style:italic;\" >Nothing and Everything\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"\" >, September 7–October 28, 2006. Traveled to Fraenkel Gallery, San Francisco, November 30, 2006–January 27, 2007\u003C\u002Fspan>",{"citation":507,"catalogue":15,"year":152},{"citation":3803,"catalogue":15,"year":2885},"\u003Cspan style=\"\" >Menil Collection, Houston, \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"font-style:italic;\" >Abstraction After Modernism: Recent Acquisitions\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"\" >, April 26–August 25, 2024\u003C\u002Fspan>","110 pink clay painting (to pete) 1953 clay and nails on wood, in wood frame 8 5\u002F8 × 8 3\u002F4 in. (22 × 22.2 cm) the menil collection, houston, purchased with funds provided by the scaler foundation, in memory of frances dittmer (2014-7) 53.002 inscribed on back, upper right: to pete \u002F rauschenberg \u002F 1953 paul taylor, new york, gift of the artist, ca. 1954–58 [sotheby’s, new york, may 15, 2014, lot 160] the menil collection, houston, purchase at above, 2014 1953 1953 hopps, walter. robert rauschenberg: the early 1950s . houston: menil collection; houston fine art press, 1991. exhibition catalogue pp. 162, 212 (pl. 138) hopps, walter, and susan davidson. robert rauschenberg: a retrospective . new york: solomon r. guggenheim foundation, 1997. exhibition catalogue p. 554 (not exhibited) taylor, paul.  private domain: an autobiography . pittsburgh: university of pittsburgh press, 1999 pp. 59–60 nothing and everything . san francisco: fraenkel gallery, 2006. exhibition catalogue frontispiece (ill.) dickerman, leah, and achim borchardt-hume. robert rauschenberg . new york: museum of modern art; london: tate publishing, 2016. exhibition catalogue p. 105 (pl. 65) corcoran gallery of art, washington, d.c., robert rauschenberg: the early 1950s , june 15–august 11, 1991. organized by menil collection, houston. traveled to menil collection, houston, september 27, 1991–january 5, 1992; museum of contemporary art chicago, february 8–april 19, 1992; san francisco museum of modern art, may 14–august 16, 1992; guggenheim museum soho, new york, october 24, 1992–january 24, 1993 (shown in new york only) peter freeman, new york, nothing and everything , september 7–october 28, 2006. traveled to fraenkel gallery, san francisco, november 30, 2006–january 27, 2007 tate modern, london, robert rauschenberg , december 1, 2016–april 2, 2017. organized with museum of modern art, new york. traveled to museum of modern art, new york (as robert rauschenberg: among friends ), may 21–september 17, 2017; san francisco museum of modern art (as robert rauschenberg: erasing the rules ), november 18, 2017–march 25, 2018 menil collection, houston, abstraction after modernism: recent acquisitions , april 26–august 25, 2024",{"fieldData":3806,"portalData":3818,"recordId":3819,"modId":3820,"bibliographyItems":3821,"exhibitionItems":3846,"searchText":3857},{"pk_ArtworkID":3807,"Unique Impression ID":3808,"Artist":9,"Title":197,"Display Date":2028,"zc_YearFirst":1062,"Medium":3809,"Dimensions":3810,"zf_WebPublished":15,"Series":15,"Reg Number Text":3808,"fk_ArtworkSeriesID":15,"zc_htmlTitle":201,"Credit Line":3811,"zc_htmlCreditLine":3812,"CR_Inscriptions":15,"zc_htmlCRInscriptions":15,"TItle_Alternative":15,"zc_htmlTitleAlternative":15,"Studio":2035,"fk_StudioID":2036,"CR_Classification":731,"Public Notes":15,"CR_Provenance":3813,"zc_SortRegNo":788,"zc_SortRegNo2":21,"zc_htmlCRPublicNotes":15,"zc_htmlCRProvenance":3814,"zc_CR_examDate":3815,"CR_followup":15,"zf_CR":22,"modificationTimestampAPI":3816,"cr_sequence_number":3484,"Search Year Start":1062,"Search Year Start Circa":22,"Search Year End":3817,"Search Year End Circa":22,"Year":2028,"CR Number":917,"zf_CRpublished":22,"zf_nonextant":15},203,"53.003","Wood box and balsa-wood-and-fabric cube","Box (closed): 7 1\u002F8 × 7 1\u002F8 × 7 1\u002F8 in. (18 × 18 × 18 cm); cube: 5 5\u002F8 × 5 5\u002F8 × 5 5\u002F8 in. (14.2 × 14.2 × 14.2 cm)","The Museum of Modern Art, New York, Purchase (124.1999)","\u003Cspan style=\"\" >The Museum of Modern Art, New York, Purchase (124.1999)\u003C\u002Fspan>","Rachel Rosenthal, New York, gift of the artist, ca. 1954\rPaceWildenstein, New York, and Saff & Company, New York, purchase, February 1998\rThe Museum of Modern Art, New York, purchase, 1999","\u003Cspan style=\"\" >Rachel Rosenthal, New York, gift of the artist, ca. 1954\u003Cbr\u002F>PaceWildenstein, New York, and Saff & Company, New York,\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"color: #D90B00;\" > \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"\" >purchase, February 1998\u003Cbr\u002F>The Museum of Modern Art, New York, purchase, 1999\u003C\u002Fspan>","12\u002F14\u002F2022","10\u002F02\u002F2026 14:44:31",1954,{},"106","479",[3822,3824,3826,3828,3833,3834,3836,3838,3840,3842,3844],{"pk":70,"citation":71,"mentions":3823,"year":73,"sort":74},"\u003Cspan style=\"\" >no. 20, p. 73 (ill.)\u003C\u002Fspan>",{"pk":36,"citation":37,"mentions":3825,"year":39,"sort":40},"\u003Cspan style=\"\" >pp. 159–60, 196 (pl. 123)\u003C\u002Fspan>",{"pk":2293,"citation":2294,"mentions":3827,"year":639,"sort":640},"\u003Cspan style=\"\" >no. 72, p. 89 (pl. 72)\u003C\u002Fspan>",{"pk":3829,"citation":3830,"mentions":3831,"year":639,"sort":3832},5163,"\u003Cspan style=\"\" >Irvine, Madeline. “Turning Artifacts into Art: A Sculptor’s Sense of Flight, Gravity.” \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"font-style:italic;\" >Austin American-Statesman\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"\" >, December 16, 1995\u003C\u002Fspan>","\u003Cspan style=\"\" >sec. C, pp. 13 (ill.), 15\u003C\u002Fspan>",19951216,{"pk":2655,"citation":2656,"mentions":2657,"year":644,"sort":2658},{"pk":374,"citation":375,"mentions":3835,"year":377,"sort":378},"\u003Cspan style=\"\" >no. 57, p. 86 (pl. 57)\u003C\u002Fspan>",{"pk":1514,"citation":1515,"mentions":3837,"year":676,"sort":677},"\u003Cspan style=\"\" >pp. 10 (ill.), 11–13\u003C\u002Fspan>",{"pk":138,"citation":139,"mentions":3839,"year":141,"sort":142},"\u003Cspan style=\"\" >pp. 40, 41 (fig. 3), 45–46\u003C\u002Fspan>",{"pk":1168,"citation":1169,"mentions":3841,"year":1022,"sort":1023},"\u003Cspan style=\"\" >p. 219\u003C\u002Fspan>",{"pk":454,"citation":455,"mentions":3843,"year":187,"sort":188},"\u003Cspan style=\"\" >p. 115 (pl. 78)\u003C\u002Fspan>",{"pk":2677,"citation":2678,"mentions":3845,"year":474,"sort":475},"\u003Cspan style=\"\" >pp. 46–47 (ill.)\u003C\u002Fspan>",[3847,3848,3849,3851,3853,3855,3856],{"citation":493,"catalogue":2449,"year":79},{"citation":501,"catalogue":15,"year":119},{"citation":2689,"catalogue":3850,"year":644},"no. 72",{"citation":504,"catalogue":3852,"year":129},"no. 57",{"citation":3854,"catalogue":15,"year":409},"\u003Cspan style=\"\" >Museum of Modern Art, New York, \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"font-style:italic;\" >Seeing Double\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"\" >, April 30–September 26, 2000\u003C\u002Fspan>",{"citation":507,"catalogue":715,"year":152},{"citation":2700,"catalogue":15,"year":474},"116 untitled ca. 1953–54 wood box and balsa-wood-and-fabric cube box (closed): 7 1\u002F8 × 7 1\u002F8 × 7 1\u002F8 in. (18 × 18 × 18 cm); cube: 5 5\u002F8 × 5 5\u002F8 × 5 5\u002F8 in. (14.2 × 14.2 × 14.2 cm) the museum of modern art, new york, purchase (124.1999) 53.003 rachel rosenthal, new york, gift of the artist, ca. 1954 pacewildenstein, new york, and saff & company, new york, purchase, february 1998 the museum of modern art, new york, purchase, 1999 1953 1954 robert rauschenberg . washington, d.c.: national collection of fine arts, smithsonian institution, 1976. exhibition catalogue no. 20, p. 73 (ill.) hopps, walter. robert rauschenberg: the early 1950s . houston: menil collection; houston fine art press, 1991. exhibition catalogue pp. 159–60, 196 (pl. 123) turrell, julia brown, ed. rauschenberg sculpture . fort worth, texas: modern art museum of fort worth, 1995. exhibition catalogue no. 72, p. 89 (pl. 72) irvine, madeline. “turning artifacts into art: a sculptor’s sense of flight, gravity.” austin american-statesman , december 16, 1995 sec. c, pp. 13 (ill.), 15 turner, elisa. “surprising take on enfant terrible’s sculpture.” miami herald , april 28, 1996 sec. i, p. 3i hopps, walter, and susan davidson. robert rauschenberg: a retrospective . new york: solomon r. guggenheim foundation, 1997. exhibition catalogue no. 57, p. 86 (pl. 57) lanchner, carolyn. robert rauschenberg . new york: museum of modern art, 2009 pp. 10 (ill.), 11–13 richards, elizabeth. “rauschenberg’s religion: autobiography and spiritual reference in rauschenberg’s use of textiles.” southeastern college art conference review 16, no. 1 (2011) pp. 40, 41 (fig. 3), 45–46 nesin, kate. cy twombly’s things . new haven, conn.: yale university press, 2014 p. 219 dickerman, leah, and achim borchardt-hume. robert rauschenberg . new york: museum of modern art; london: tate publishing, 2016. exhibition catalogue p. 115 (pl. 78) robert rauschenberg: sympathy for abandoned objects. new york: gladstone, 2025. exhibition catalogue pp. 46–47 (ill.) national collection of fine arts, smithsonian institution, washington, d.c., robert rauschenberg , october 30, 1976–january 2, 1977. traveled to museum of modern art, new york, march 25–may 17, 1977; san francisco museum of modern art, june 24–august 21, 1977; albright-knox art gallery, buffalo, n.y., september 25–october 30, 1977; art institute of chicago, december 3, 1977–january 15, 1978 no. 20 corcoran gallery of art, washington, d.c., robert rauschenberg: the early 1950s , june 15–august 11, 1991. organized by menil collection, houston. traveled to menil collection, houston, september 27, 1991–january 5, 1992; museum of contemporary art chicago, february 8–april 19, 1992; san francisco museum of modern art, may 14–august 16, 1992; guggenheim museum soho, new york, october 24, 1992–january 24, 1993 modern art museum of fort worth, texas, robert rauschenberg: sculpture , october 22–december 31, 1995. traveled to museum of contemporary art, north miami, fla., april 26–july 28, 1996 no. 72 solomon r. guggenheim museum, new york, robert rauschenberg: a retrospective , september 19, 1997–january 7, 1998 (also guggenheim museum soho, new york, september 19, 1997–january 4, 1998, and ace gallery, new york, september 19–november 9, 1997). traveled to menil collection, contemporary arts museum houston, and museum of fine arts, houston, february 13–may 17, 1998; museum ludwig, cologne (as robert rauschenberg: retrospektive ), june 27–october 11, 1998; museo guggenheim bilbao (as robert rauschenberg: retrospectiva ), november 21, 1998–march 7, 1999 no. 57 museum of modern art, new york, seeing double , april 30–september 26, 2000 tate modern, london, robert rauschenberg , december 1, 2016–april 2, 2017. organized with museum of modern art, new york. traveled to museum of modern art, new york (as robert rauschenberg: among friends ), may 21–september 17, 2017; san francisco museum of modern art (as robert rauschenberg: erasing the rules ), november 18, 2017–march 25, 2018 (not shown in london) gladstone, new york, robert rauschenberg: sympathy for abandoned objects , may 1–june 14, 2025",{"fieldData":3859,"portalData":3869,"recordId":3870,"modId":3871,"bibliographyItems":3872,"exhibitionItems":3878,"searchText":3880},{"pk_ArtworkID":3860,"Unique Impression ID":3861,"Artist":9,"Title":3862,"Display Date":2709,"zc_YearFirst":1062,"Medium":3863,"Dimensions":14,"zf_WebPublished":15,"Series":3864,"Reg Number Text":3861,"fk_ArtworkSeriesID":3484,"zc_htmlTitle":3865,"Credit Line":17,"zc_htmlCreditLine":18,"CR_Inscriptions":15,"zc_htmlCRInscriptions":15,"TItle_Alternative":15,"zc_htmlTitleAlternative":15,"Studio":2035,"fk_StudioID":2036,"CR_Classification":731,"Public Notes":15,"CR_Provenance":15,"zc_SortRegNo":788,"zc_SortRegNo2":21,"zc_htmlCRPublicNotes":15,"zc_htmlCRProvenance":15,"zc_CR_examDate":15,"CR_followup":15,"zf_CR":22,"modificationTimestampAPI":3866,"cr_sequence_number":3867,"Search Year Start":1062,"Search Year Start Circa":15,"Search Year End":1062,"Search Year End Circa":15,"Year":2709,"CR Number":3868,"zf_CRpublished":22,"zf_nonextant":22},204,"53.004","Untitled (Elemental Sculpture)","Metal, wood, stone, rope, and nails (?)","Elemental Sculptures","\u003Cspan style=\"font-style:italic;\" >Untitled \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"\" >(\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"font-style:italic;\" >Elemental Sculpture\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"\" >)\u003C\u002Fspan>","06\u002F02\u002F2026 11:49:01",161,94,{},"107","418",[3873,3875,3876],{"pk":96,"citation":97,"mentions":3874,"year":99,"sort":100},"\u003Cspan style=\"\" >pp. 29 (ill. [install]), 36\u003C\u002Fspan>",{"pk":102,"citation":103,"mentions":658,"year":105,"sort":106},{"pk":36,"citation":37,"mentions":3877,"year":39,"sort":40},"\u003Cspan style=\"\" >pp. 157, 189 (pl. 116 [install]) (not exhibited)\u003C\u002Fspan>",[3879],{"citation":1187,"catalogue":15,"year":1062},"94 untitled ( elemental sculpture ) 1953 metal, wood, stone, rope, and nails (?) dimensions unknown lost 53.004 elemental sculptures 1953 1953 feinstein, roni. “the early work of robert rauschenberg: the white paintings, the black paintings, and the elemental sculptures.” arts magazine (new york) 61, no. 1 (september 1986) pp. 29 (ill. [install]), 36 feinstein, roni. “random order: the first fifteen years of robert rauschenberg’s art, 1949–1964.” phd diss., new york university, 1990. proquest (303859753) p. 112 hopps, walter. robert rauschenberg: the early 1950s . houston: menil collection; houston fine art press, 1991. exhibition catalogue pp. 157, 189 (pl. 116 [install]) (not exhibited) stable gallery, new york, rauschenberg: paintings and sculpture , september 15–october 3, 1953",{"fieldData":3882,"portalData":3889,"recordId":3890,"modId":3891,"bibliographyItems":3892,"exhibitionItems":3898,"searchText":3900},{"pk_ArtworkID":3883,"Unique Impression ID":3884,"Artist":9,"Title":3862,"Display Date":2709,"zc_YearFirst":1062,"Medium":3885,"Dimensions":14,"zf_WebPublished":15,"Series":3864,"Reg Number Text":3884,"fk_ArtworkSeriesID":3484,"zc_htmlTitle":3865,"Credit Line":17,"zc_htmlCreditLine":18,"CR_Inscriptions":15,"zc_htmlCRInscriptions":15,"TItle_Alternative":15,"zc_htmlTitleAlternative":15,"Studio":2035,"fk_StudioID":2036,"CR_Classification":731,"Public Notes":15,"CR_Provenance":15,"zc_SortRegNo":788,"zc_SortRegNo2":21,"zc_htmlCRPublicNotes":15,"zc_htmlCRProvenance":15,"zc_CR_examDate":15,"CR_followup":15,"zf_CR":22,"modificationTimestampAPI":3886,"cr_sequence_number":3887,"Search Year Start":1062,"Search Year Start Circa":15,"Search Year End":1062,"Search Year End Circa":15,"Year":2709,"CR Number":3888,"zf_CRpublished":22,"zf_nonextant":22},205,"53.005","Wood, stone, and nails (?)","07\u002F30\u002F2026 13:58:29",170,97,{},"108","397",[3893,3894,3896],{"pk":96,"citation":97,"mentions":3874,"year":99,"sort":100},{"pk":102,"citation":103,"mentions":3895,"year":105,"sort":106},"\u003Cspan style=\"\" >p. 112, n.p. 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(fig. 29) hopps, walter. robert rauschenberg: the early 1950s . houston: menil collection; houston fine art press, 1991. exhibition catalogue pp. 156–57 (fig. 47 [install]), 189 (pl. 116 [install]) (not exhibited) stable gallery, new york, rauschenberg: paintings and sculpture , september 15–october 3, 1953",{"fieldData":3902,"portalData":3908,"recordId":3909,"modId":3910,"bibliographyItems":3911,"exhibitionItems":3916,"searchText":3918},{"pk_ArtworkID":3903,"Unique Impression ID":3904,"Artist":9,"Title":3862,"Display Date":2709,"zc_YearFirst":1062,"Medium":3905,"Dimensions":14,"zf_WebPublished":15,"Series":3864,"Reg Number Text":3904,"fk_ArtworkSeriesID":3484,"zc_htmlTitle":3865,"Credit Line":17,"zc_htmlCreditLine":18,"CR_Inscriptions":15,"zc_htmlCRInscriptions":15,"TItle_Alternative":15,"zc_htmlTitleAlternative":15,"Studio":2035,"fk_StudioID":2036,"CR_Classification":731,"Public Notes":15,"CR_Provenance":15,"zc_SortRegNo":788,"zc_SortRegNo2":21,"zc_htmlCRPublicNotes":15,"zc_htmlCRProvenance":15,"zc_CR_examDate":15,"CR_followup":15,"zf_CR":22,"modificationTimestampAPI":3906,"cr_sequence_number":3907,"Search Year Start":1062,"Search Year Start Circa":15,"Search Year End":1062,"Search Year End Circa":15,"Year":2709,"CR Number":2278,"zf_CRpublished":22,"zf_nonextant":22},206,"53.006","Sheet metal and wood (?)","07\u002F30\u002F2026 13:59:23",172,{},"109","392",[3912,3914],{"pk":96,"citation":97,"mentions":3913,"year":99,"sort":100},"\u003Cspan style=\"\" >p. 29 (ill. [install])\u003C\u002Fspan>",{"pk":36,"citation":37,"mentions":3915,"year":39,"sort":40},"\u003Cspan style=\"\" >pp. 156, 189 (pl. 116 [install]) (not exhibited)\u003C\u002Fspan>",[3917],{"citation":1187,"catalogue":15,"year":1062},"98 untitled ( elemental sculpture ) 1953 sheet metal and wood (?) dimensions unknown lost 53.006 elemental sculptures 1953 1953 feinstein, roni. “the early work of robert rauschenberg: the white paintings, the black paintings, and the elemental sculptures.” arts magazine (new york) 61, no. 1 (september 1986) p. 29 (ill. [install]) hopps, walter. robert rauschenberg: the early 1950s . houston: menil collection; houston fine art press, 1991. exhibition catalogue pp. 156, 189 (pl. 116 [install]) (not exhibited) stable gallery, new york, rauschenberg: paintings and sculpture , september 15–october 3, 1953",{"fieldData":3920,"portalData":3935,"recordId":3936,"modId":3937,"bibliographyItems":3938,"exhibitionItems":3962,"searchText":3972},{"pk_ArtworkID":3921,"Unique Impression ID":3922,"Artist":9,"Title":3862,"Display Date":3923,"zc_YearFirst":1062,"Medium":3924,"Dimensions":3925,"zf_WebPublished":22,"Series":3864,"Reg Number Text":3922,"fk_ArtworkSeriesID":3484,"zc_htmlTitle":3926,"Credit Line":3079,"zc_htmlCreditLine":3080,"CR_Inscriptions":3927,"zc_htmlCRInscriptions":3928,"TItle_Alternative":15,"zc_htmlTitleAlternative":15,"Studio":15,"fk_StudioID":15,"CR_Classification":731,"Public Notes":15,"CR_Provenance":3929,"zc_SortRegNo":788,"zc_SortRegNo2":21,"zc_htmlCRPublicNotes":15,"zc_htmlCRProvenance":3930,"zc_CR_examDate":3931,"CR_followup":15,"zf_CR":22,"modificationTimestampAPI":3932,"cr_sequence_number":3933,"Search Year Start":3934,"Search Year Start Circa":22,"Search Year End":3934,"Search Year End Circa":22,"Year":3923,"CR Number":1319,"zf_CRpublished":22,"zf_nonextant":15},207,"53.007","ca. 1953–57","Wood box, stone, twine, and screw eye","Box: 2 5\u002F8 × 4 1\u002F4 × 3 1\u002F2 in. (6.8 × 10.8 × 8.9 cm); stone: 2 1\u002F4 × 3 1\u002F8 × 2 1\u002F4 in. (5.8 × 8 × 5.7 cm); l. of twine (extended): 16 1\u002F2 in. (42 cm) ","\u003Cspan style=\"font-style:italic;\" >Untitled\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"\" > (\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"font-style:italic;\" >Elemental Sculpture\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"\" >)\u003C\u002Fspan>","Inscribed on bottom of box: 10\u002F29\u002F57","\u003Cspan style=\"\" >Inscribed on bottom of box: \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"font-style:italic;\" >10\u002F29\u002F57\u003C\u002Fspan>","Ileana Castelli, ca. 1957\rNina Castelli Sundell, New York, by descent, 2007\r[Christie’s, New York, May 14, 2015, lot 464]\rPrivate collection, New York, purchase at above, 2015","\u003Cspan style=\"\" >Ileana Castelli, ca. 1957\u003Cbr\u002F>Nina Castelli Sundell, New York, by descent, 2007\u003Cbr\u002F>[Christie’s, New York, May 14, 2015, lot 464]\u003Cbr\u002F>Private collection, New York, purchase at above, 2015\u003C\u002Fspan>","03\u002F14\u002F2024","10\u002F02\u002F2026 14:45:02",244,1957,{},"110","558",[3939,3941,3943,3945,3947,3949,3951,3953,3958,3960],{"pk":36,"citation":37,"mentions":3940,"year":39,"sort":40},"\u003Cspan style=\"\" >pp. 155, 184 (pl. 111)\u003C\u002Fspan>",{"pk":624,"citation":625,"mentions":3942,"year":113,"sort":627},"\u003Cspan style=\"\" >sec. 1, pp. 32–33\u003C\u002Fspan>",{"pk":629,"citation":630,"mentions":3944,"year":113,"sort":632},"\u003Cspan style=\"\" >p. 127 (ill.)\u003C\u002Fspan>",{"pk":2293,"citation":2294,"mentions":3946,"year":639,"sort":640},"\u003Cspan style=\"\" >nos. 54, 71, pp. 64 (pl. 54), 88, 89 (pl. 71)\u003C\u002Fspan>",{"pk":3829,"citation":3830,"mentions":3948,"year":639,"sort":3832},"\u003Cspan style=\"\" >sec. C, p. 15\u003C\u002Fspan>",{"pk":3216,"citation":3217,"mentions":3950,"year":421,"sort":422},"\u003Cspan style=\"\" >no. 38, pp. 44, 47 (ill.)\u003C\u002Fspan>",{"pk":2838,"citation":2839,"mentions":3952,"year":1022,"sort":1023},"\u003Cspan style=\"\" >no. 7, n.p. (ill.)\u003C\u002Fspan>",{"pk":3954,"citation":3955,"mentions":3956,"year":1022,"sort":3957},5517,"\u003Cspan style=\"\" >Butler, Karen. “Robert Rauschenberg.” \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"font-style:italic;\" >Artforum\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"\" > 52, no. 10 (Summer 2014)\u003C\u002Fspan>","\u003Cspan style=\"\" >p. 367\u003C\u002Fspan>",20140600,{"pk":454,"citation":455,"mentions":3959,"year":187,"sort":188},"\u003Cspan style=\"\" >pp. 92, 113 (pl. 73)\u003C\u002Fspan>",{"pk":2677,"citation":2678,"mentions":3961,"year":474,"sort":475},"\u003Cspan style=\"\" >pp. 40 (ill. [detail]), 43 (ill.), 44–45 (ill.)\u003C\u002Fspan>",[3963,3964,3965,3967,3969,3970,3971],{"citation":501,"catalogue":15,"year":119},{"citation":1301,"catalogue":566,"year":639},{"citation":2689,"catalogue":3966,"year":644},"nos. 54, 71",{"citation":3230,"catalogue":3968,"year":431},"no. 38",{"citation":2844,"catalogue":707,"year":1022},{"citation":507,"catalogue":715,"year":152},{"citation":2700,"catalogue":15,"year":474},"121 untitled ( elemental sculpture ) ca. 1953–57 wood box, stone, twine, and screw eye box: 2 5\u002F8 × 4 1\u002F4 × 3 1\u002F2 in. (6.8 × 10.8 × 8.9 cm); stone: 2 1\u002F4 × 3 1\u002F8 × 2 1\u002F4 in. (5.8 × 8 × 5.7 cm); l. of twine (extended): 16 1\u002F2 in. (42 cm) private collection, new york 53.007 inscribed on bottom of box: 10\u002F29\u002F57 ileana castelli, ca. 1957 nina castelli sundell, new york, by descent, 2007 [christie’s, new york, may 14, 2015, lot 464] private collection, new york, purchase at above, 2015 elemental sculptures 1957 1957 hopps, walter. robert rauschenberg: the early 1950s . houston: menil collection; houston fine art press, 1991. exhibition catalogue pp. 155, 184 (pl. 111) camper, fred. “the unordered universe.” reader (chicago), march 27, 1992 sec. 1, pp. 32–33 colpitt, frances. “rauschenberg: in the beginning.” art in america 80, no. 4 (april 1992) p. 127 (ill.) turrell, julia brown, ed. rauschenberg sculpture . fort worth, texas: modern art museum of fort worth, 1995. exhibition catalogue nos. 54, 71, pp. 64 (pl. 54), 88, 89 (pl. 71) irvine, madeline. “turning artifacts into art: a sculptor’s sense of flight, gravity.” austin american-statesman , december 16, 1995 sec. c, p. 15 kosinski, dorothy. dialogues: duchamp, cornell, johns, rauschenberg . dallas: dallas museum of art; new haven, conn.: yale university press, 2005. exhibition catalogue no. 38, pp. 44, 47 (ill.) robert rauschenberg: the fulton street studio, 1953–54 . new york: craig f. starr gallery, 2014. exhibition catalogue no. 7, n.p. (ill.) butler, karen. “robert rauschenberg.” artforum 52, no. 10 (summer 2014) p. 367 dickerman, leah, and achim borchardt-hume. robert rauschenberg . new york: museum of modern art; london: tate publishing, 2016. exhibition catalogue pp. 92, 113 (pl. 73) robert rauschenberg: sympathy for abandoned objects. new york: gladstone, 2025. exhibition catalogue pp. 40 (ill. [detail]), 43 (ill.), 44–45 (ill.) corcoran gallery of art, washington, d.c., robert rauschenberg: the early 1950s , june 15–august 11, 1991. organized by menil collection, houston. traveled to menil collection, houston, september 27, 1991–january 5, 1992; museum of contemporary art chicago, february 8–april 19, 1992; san francisco museum of modern art, may 14–august 16, 1992; guggenheim museum soho, new york, october 24, 1992–january 24, 1993 museum of contemporary art, los angeles, rolywholyover: a circus, september 12–november 28, 1993. traveled to menil collection, houston, january 14–april 2, 1994; guggenheim museum soho, new york, april 23–july 31, 1994; art tower mito, japan, november 3, 1994–february 26, 1995; philadelphia museum of art, june 4–july 30, 1995 (not in cat.) modern art museum of fort worth, texas, robert rauschenberg: sculpture , october 22–december 31, 1995. traveled to museum of contemporary art, north miami, fla., april 26–july 28, 1996 nos. 54, 71 dallas museum of art, dialogues: duchamp, cornell, johns, rauschenberg , september 4, 2005–january 8, 2006 no. 38 craig f. starr gallery, new york, robert rauschenberg: the fulton street studio, 1953–1954 , april 4–may 23, 2014 no. 7 tate modern, london, robert rauschenberg , december 1, 2016–april 2, 2017. organized with museum of modern art, new york. traveled to museum of modern art, new york (as robert rauschenberg: among friends ), may 21–september 17, 2017; san francisco museum of modern art (as robert rauschenberg: erasing the rules ), november 18, 2017–march 25, 2018 (not shown in london) gladstone, new york, robert rauschenberg: sympathy for abandoned objects , may 1–june 14, 2025",{"fieldData":3974,"portalData":3981,"recordId":3982,"modId":3983,"bibliographyItems":3984,"exhibitionItems":3991,"searchText":3993},{"pk_ArtworkID":3975,"Unique Impression ID":3976,"Artist":9,"Title":3862,"Display Date":2709,"zc_YearFirst":1062,"Medium":3977,"Dimensions":14,"zf_WebPublished":15,"Series":3864,"Reg Number Text":3976,"fk_ArtworkSeriesID":3484,"zc_htmlTitle":3865,"Credit Line":17,"zc_htmlCreditLine":18,"CR_Inscriptions":15,"zc_htmlCRInscriptions":15,"TItle_Alternative":15,"zc_htmlTitleAlternative":15,"Studio":2035,"fk_StudioID":2036,"CR_Classification":731,"Public Notes":15,"CR_Provenance":15,"zc_SortRegNo":788,"zc_SortRegNo2":21,"zc_htmlCRPublicNotes":15,"zc_htmlCRProvenance":15,"zc_CR_examDate":15,"CR_followup":15,"zf_CR":22,"modificationTimestampAPI":3978,"cr_sequence_number":3979,"Search Year Start":1062,"Search Year Start Circa":15,"Search Year End":1062,"Search Year End Circa":15,"Year":2709,"CR Number":3980,"zf_CRpublished":22,"zf_nonextant":22},208,"53.008","Wood box, stone, twine, nails, and screw eye (?)","06\u002F02\u002F2026 11:50:24",157,91,{},"111","393",[3985,3986,3988,3989],{"pk":1080,"citation":1081,"mentions":67,"year":291,"sort":1083},{"pk":96,"citation":97,"mentions":3987,"year":99,"sort":100},"\u003Cspan style=\"\" >pp. 31 (ill. [install]), 36\u003C\u002Fspan>",{"pk":102,"citation":103,"mentions":658,"year":105,"sort":106},{"pk":36,"citation":37,"mentions":3990,"year":39,"sort":40},"\u003Cspan style=\"\" >pp. 156, 176 (pl. 103) (not exhibited)\u003C\u002Fspan>",[3992],{"citation":1187,"catalogue":15,"year":1062},"91 untitled ( elemental sculpture ) 1953 wood box, stone, twine, nails, and screw eye (?) dimensions unknown lost 53.008 elemental sculptures 1953 1953 calas, nicolas. “robert rauschenberg.” kulchur (new york) 4, no. 15 (autumn 1964) p. 18 feinstein, roni. “the early work of robert rauschenberg: the white paintings, the black paintings, and the elemental sculptures.” arts magazine (new york) 61, no. 1 (september 1986) pp. 31 (ill. [install]), 36 feinstein, roni. “random order: the first fifteen years of robert rauschenberg’s art, 1949–1964.” phd diss., new york university, 1990. proquest (303859753) p. 112 hopps, walter. robert rauschenberg: the early 1950s . houston: menil collection; houston fine art press, 1991. exhibition catalogue pp. 156, 176 (pl. 103) (not exhibited) stable gallery, new york, rauschenberg: paintings and sculpture , september 15–october 3, 1953",{"fieldData":3995,"portalData":4004,"recordId":4005,"modId":4006,"bibliographyItems":4007,"exhibitionItems":4021,"searchText":4027},{"pk_ArtworkID":3996,"Unique Impression ID":3997,"Artist":9,"Title":3862,"Display Date":2709,"zc_YearFirst":1062,"Medium":3998,"Dimensions":3999,"zf_WebPublished":22,"Series":3864,"Reg Number Text":3997,"fk_ArtworkSeriesID":3484,"zc_htmlTitle":3865,"Credit Line":2315,"zc_htmlCreditLine":2316,"CR_Inscriptions":2712,"zc_htmlCRInscriptions":2713,"TItle_Alternative":15,"zc_htmlTitleAlternative":15,"Studio":2035,"fk_StudioID":2036,"CR_Classification":731,"Public Notes":15,"CR_Provenance":2317,"zc_SortRegNo":788,"zc_SortRegNo2":21,"zc_htmlCRPublicNotes":15,"zc_htmlCRProvenance":2318,"zc_CR_examDate":4000,"CR_followup":15,"zf_CR":22,"modificationTimestampAPI":4001,"cr_sequence_number":4002,"Search Year Start":1062,"Search Year Start Circa":15,"Search Year End":1062,"Search Year End Circa":15,"Year":2709,"CR Number":4003,"zf_CRpublished":22,"zf_nonextant":15},209,"53.009","Wood box and stone","Box: 3 7\u002F8 × 17 7\u002F8 × 5 7\u002F8 in. (9.8 × 45.5 × 14.9 cm); stone: 4 3\u002F8 × 5 1\u002F4 × 4 3\u002F8 in. 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(9.8 × 45.5 × 14.9 cm); stone: 4 3\u002F8 × 5 1\u002F4 × 4 3\u002F8 in. (11.1 × 13.3 × 11.1 cm) collection of alessandro twombly 53.009 inscribed on bottom of box: rauschenberg 53 cy twombly cy twombly and luisa franchetti twombly, 1959 alessandro twombly, by descent, 2011 elemental sculptures 1953 1953 hopps, walter. robert rauschenberg: the early 1950s . houston: menil collection; houston fine art press, 1991. exhibition catalogue pp. 155–56, 174, 175 (pl. 102) colpitt, frances. “rauschenberg: in the beginning.” art in america 80, no. 4 (april 1992) p. 128 (ill.) hopps, walter, and susan davidson. robert rauschenberg: a retrospective . new york: solomon r. guggenheim foundation, 1997. exhibition catalogue no. 53, p. 83 (pl. 53) davidson, susan, and david white. rauschenberg . ferrara, italy: ferrara arte, 2004. exhibition catalogue no. 11, p. 113 (ill.) hunter, sam. robert rauschenberg: works, writings and interviews . barcelona: polígrafa, 2006 p. 42 (ill.) roberts, sarah. “untitled (elemental sculpture) [steel flange and stone].” rauschenberg research project, san francisco museum of modern art, july 2013 dickerman, leah, and achim borchardt-hume. robert rauschenberg . new york: museum of modern art; london: tate publishing, 2016. exhibition catalogue pp. 92, 117 (pl. 81) corcoran gallery of art, washington, d.c., robert rauschenberg: the early 1950s , june 15–august 11, 1991. organized by menil collection, houston. traveled to menil collection, houston, september 27, 1991–january 5, 1992; museum of contemporary art chicago, february 8–april 19, 1992; san francisco museum of modern art, may 14–august 16, 1992; guggenheim museum soho, new york, october 24, 1992–january 24, 1993 solomon r. guggenheim museum, new york, robert rauschenberg: a retrospective , september 19, 1997–january 7, 1998 (also guggenheim museum soho, new york, september 19, 1997–january 4, 1998, and ace gallery, new york, september 19–november 9, 1997). traveled to menil collection, contemporary arts museum houston, and museum of fine arts, houston, february 13–may 17, 1998; museum ludwig, cologne (as robert rauschenberg: retrospektive ), june 27–october 11, 1998; museo guggenheim bilbao (as robert rauschenberg: retrospectiva ), november 21, 1998–march 7, 1999 no. 53 (shown in new york and houston only) palazzo dei diamanti, ferrara, italy, rauschenberg , february 29–june 6, 2004 no. 11 tate modern, london, robert rauschenberg , december 1, 2016–april 2, 2017. organized with museum of modern art, new york. traveled to museum of modern art, new york (as robert rauschenberg: among friends ), may 21–september 17, 2017; san francisco museum of modern art (as robert rauschenberg: erasing the rules ), november 18, 2017–march 25, 2018",{"fieldData":4029,"portalData":4038,"recordId":4039,"modId":4040,"bibliographyItems":4041,"exhibitionItems":4054,"searchText":4062},{"pk_ArtworkID":4030,"Unique Impression ID":4031,"Artist":9,"Title":3862,"Display Date":2709,"zc_YearFirst":1062,"Medium":4032,"Dimensions":4033,"zf_WebPublished":22,"Series":3864,"Reg Number Text":4031,"fk_ArtworkSeriesID":3484,"zc_htmlTitle":3865,"Credit Line":725,"zc_htmlCreditLine":726,"CR_Inscriptions":4034,"zc_htmlCRInscriptions":4035,"TItle_Alternative":15,"zc_htmlTitleAlternative":15,"Studio":2035,"fk_StudioID":2036,"CR_Classification":731,"Public Notes":15,"CR_Provenance":732,"zc_SortRegNo":788,"zc_SortRegNo2":21,"zc_htmlCRPublicNotes":15,"zc_htmlCRProvenance":733,"zc_CR_examDate":734,"CR_followup":15,"zf_CR":22,"modificationTimestampAPI":4036,"cr_sequence_number":2593,"Search Year Start":1062,"Search Year Start Circa":15,"Search Year End":1062,"Search Year End Circa":15,"Year":2709,"CR Number":4037,"zf_CRpublished":22,"zf_nonextant":15},210,"53.010","Wood, nails, rope, and stone, with facsimile of original wood base","Wood: 6 7\u002F8 × 17 × 3 5\u002F8 in. 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(17.5 × 43.2 × 9.3 cm); stone: 3 × 9 × 5 1\u002F8 in. (7.6 × 22.9 × 13 cm); l. of rope (extended): 34 1\u002F4 in. (87.5 cm) cy twombly foundation 53.010 inscribed on wood: rauschenberg 53 cy twombly cy twombly foundation, bequest, 2011 elemental sculptures 1953 1953 calas, nicolas. “robert rauschenberg.” kulchur (new york) 4, no. 15 (autumn 1964) p. 18 hopps, walter. robert rauschenberg: the early 1950s . houston: menil collection; houston fine art press, 1991. exhibition catalogue pp. 155, 190 (pl. 117 [install]), 191 (pl. 118) larson, kay. “zen and the art.” new york 25, no. 45 (november 16, 1992) p. 90 turrell, julia brown, ed. rauschenberg sculpture . fort worth, texas: modern art museum of fort worth, 1995. exhibition catalogue no. 53, p. 63 (pl. 53 [install]) joseph, branden w. random order: robert rauschenberg and the neo-avant-garde . cambridge, mass.: mit press, 2003 p. 87 (ill.) dickerman, leah, and achim borchardt-hume. robert rauschenberg . new york: museum of modern art; london: tate publishing, 2016. exhibition catalogue pp. 92, 113 (pl. 72) dziewior, yilmaz, and achim hochdörfer, with arthur fink, eds. five friends: john cage, merce cunningham, jasper johns, robert rauschenberg, cy twombly. munich: museum brandhorst; cologne: museum ludwig, 2025. exhibition catalogue pp. 103 (ill.), 321 stable gallery, new york, rauschenberg: paintings and sculpture , september 15–october 3, 1953 corcoran gallery of art, washington, d.c., robert rauschenberg: the early 1950s , june 15–august 11, 1991. organized by menil collection, houston. traveled to menil collection, houston, september 27, 1991–january 5, 1992; museum of contemporary art chicago, february 8–april 19, 1992; san francisco museum of modern art, may 14–august 16, 1992; guggenheim museum soho, new york, october 24, 1992–january 24, 1993 modern art museum of fort worth, texas, robert rauschenberg: sculpture , october 22–december 31, 1995. traveled to museum of contemporary art, north miami, fla., april 26–july 28, 1996 no. 53 tate modern, london, robert rauschenberg , december 1, 2016–april 2, 2017. organized with museum of modern art, new york. traveled to museum of modern art, new york (as robert rauschenberg: among friends ), may 21–september 17, 2017; san francisco museum of modern art (as robert rauschenberg: erasing the rules ), november 18, 2017–march 25, 2018 museum brandhorst, munich, fünf freunde: john cage, merce cunningham, jasper johns, robert rauschenberg, cy twombly ( five friends: john cage, merce cunningham, jasper johns, robert rauschenberg, cy twombly ), april 10–august 17, 2025. traveled to museum ludwig, cologne, october 3, 2025–january 11, 2026 gagosian gallery, new york, robert rauschenberg: important early works from the cy twombly foundation , april 25–september 26, 2026",{"fieldData":4064,"portalData":4071,"recordId":4072,"modId":4073,"bibliographyItems":4074,"exhibitionItems":4081,"searchText":4083},{"pk_ArtworkID":4065,"Unique Impression ID":4066,"Artist":9,"Title":3862,"Display Date":2709,"zc_YearFirst":1062,"Medium":4067,"Dimensions":14,"zf_WebPublished":15,"Series":3864,"Reg Number Text":4066,"fk_ArtworkSeriesID":3484,"zc_htmlTitle":3865,"Credit Line":17,"zc_htmlCreditLine":18,"CR_Inscriptions":15,"zc_htmlCRInscriptions":15,"TItle_Alternative":15,"zc_htmlTitleAlternative":15,"Studio":2035,"fk_StudioID":2036,"CR_Classification":731,"Public Notes":15,"CR_Provenance":15,"zc_SortRegNo":788,"zc_SortRegNo2":21,"zc_htmlCRPublicNotes":15,"zc_htmlCRProvenance":15,"zc_CR_examDate":15,"CR_followup":15,"zf_CR":22,"modificationTimestampAPI":4068,"cr_sequence_number":4069,"Search Year Start":1062,"Search Year Start Circa":15,"Search Year End":1062,"Search Year End Circa":15,"Year":2709,"CR Number":4070,"zf_CRpublished":22,"zf_nonextant":22},211,"53.011","Wood box, twine, and nails (?)","06\u002F02\u002F2026 11:51:27",160,93,{},"114","390",[4075,4077,4079],{"pk":96,"citation":97,"mentions":4076,"year":99,"sort":100},"\u003Cspan style=\"\" >pp. 33 (ill.), 36\u003C\u002Fspan>",{"pk":102,"citation":103,"mentions":4078,"year":105,"sort":106},"\u003Cspan style=\"\" >n.p. (fig. 30)\u003C\u002Fspan>",{"pk":36,"citation":37,"mentions":4080,"year":39,"sort":40},"\u003Cspan style=\"\" >pp. 157, 188 (pl. 115) (not exhibited)\u003C\u002Fspan>",[4082],{"citation":1187,"catalogue":15,"year":1062},"93 untitled ( elemental sculpture ) 1953 wood box, twine, and nails (?) dimensions unknown lost 53.011 elemental sculptures 1953 1953 feinstein, roni. “the early work of robert rauschenberg: the white paintings, the black paintings, and the elemental sculptures.” arts magazine (new york) 61, no. 1 (september 1986) pp. 33 (ill.), 36 feinstein, roni. “random order: the first fifteen years of robert rauschenberg’s art, 1949–1964.” phd diss., new york university, 1990. proquest (303859753) n.p. (fig. 30) hopps, walter. robert rauschenberg: the early 1950s . houston: menil collection; houston fine art press, 1991. exhibition catalogue pp. 157, 188 (pl. 115) (not exhibited) stable gallery, new york, rauschenberg: paintings and sculpture , september 15–october 3, 1953",{"fieldData":4085,"portalData":4098,"recordId":4099,"modId":4100,"bibliographyItems":4101,"exhibitionItems":4106,"searchText":4109},{"pk_ArtworkID":4086,"Unique Impression ID":4087,"Artist":9,"Title":3862,"Display Date":4088,"zc_YearFirst":1062,"Medium":4089,"Dimensions":4090,"zf_WebPublished":15,"Series":3864,"Reg Number Text":4087,"fk_ArtworkSeriesID":3484,"zc_htmlTitle":3926,"Credit Line":4091,"zc_htmlCreditLine":4092,"CR_Inscriptions":15,"zc_htmlCRInscriptions":15,"TItle_Alternative":15,"zc_htmlTitleAlternative":15,"Studio":2035,"fk_StudioID":2036,"CR_Classification":731,"Public Notes":15,"CR_Provenance":4093,"zc_SortRegNo":788,"zc_SortRegNo2":21,"zc_htmlCRPublicNotes":15,"zc_htmlCRProvenance":4094,"zc_CR_examDate":4095,"CR_followup":15,"zf_CR":22,"modificationTimestampAPI":4096,"cr_sequence_number":4097,"Search Year Start":2087,"Search Year Start Circa":22,"Search Year End":2087,"Search Year End Circa":22,"Year":4088,"CR Number":1036,"zf_CRpublished":22,"zf_nonextant":15},213,"53.013","ca. 1953–55","Wood, paint, cut nails, and stone","2 1\u002F2 × 10 × 1 5\u002F8 in. (6.5 × 25.3 × 4.2 cm)","Collection of Dana and Jim Tananbaum","\u003Cspan style=\"\" >Collection of Dana and Jim Tananbaum\u003C\u002Fspan>","Elizabeth Stokes, gift of the artist, 1955\r[Phillips, New York, June 23, 2021, lot 39]\rDana and Jim Tananbaum, San Francisco, purchase at above, 2021","\u003Cspan style=\"\" >Elizabeth Stokes, gift of the artist, 1955\u003Cbr\u002F>[Phillips, New York, June 23, 2021, lot 39]\u003Cbr\u002F>Dana and Jim Tananbaum, San Francisco, purchase at above, 2021\u003C\u002Fspan>","1\u002F22\u002F2024","07\u002F30\u002F2026 14:16:44",238,{},"116","463",[4102,4104],{"pk":36,"citation":37,"mentions":4103,"year":39,"sort":40},"\u003Cspan style=\"\" >pp. 155, 180 (pl. 107)\u003C\u002Fspan>",{"pk":454,"citation":455,"mentions":4105,"year":187,"sort":188},"\u003Cspan style=\"\" >p. 114 (pl. 76)\u003C\u002Fspan>",[4107,4108],{"citation":501,"catalogue":15,"year":119},{"citation":507,"catalogue":715,"year":152},"119 untitled ( elemental sculpture ) ca. 1953–55 wood, paint, cut nails, and stone 2 1\u002F2 × 10 × 1 5\u002F8 in. (6.5 × 25.3 × 4.2 cm) collection of dana and jim tananbaum 53.013 elizabeth stokes, gift of the artist, 1955 [phillips, new york, june 23, 2021, lot 39] dana and jim tananbaum, san francisco, purchase at above, 2021 elemental sculptures 1955 1955 hopps, walter. robert rauschenberg: the early 1950s . houston: menil collection; houston fine art press, 1991. exhibition catalogue pp. 155, 180 (pl. 107) dickerman, leah, and achim borchardt-hume. robert rauschenberg . new york: museum of modern art; london: tate publishing, 2016. exhibition catalogue p. 114 (pl. 76) corcoran gallery of art, washington, d.c., robert rauschenberg: the early 1950s , june 15–august 11, 1991. organized by menil collection, houston. traveled to menil collection, houston, september 27, 1991–january 5, 1992; museum of contemporary art chicago, february 8–april 19, 1992; san francisco museum of modern art, may 14–august 16, 1992; guggenheim museum soho, new york, october 24, 1992–january 24, 1993 tate modern, london, robert rauschenberg , december 1, 2016–april 2, 2017. organized with museum of modern art, new york. traveled to museum of modern art, new york (as robert rauschenberg: among friends ), may 21–september 17, 2017; san francisco museum of modern art (as robert rauschenberg: erasing the rules ), november 18, 2017–march 25, 2018 (not shown in london)",{"fieldData":4111,"portalData":4123,"recordId":4124,"modId":4125,"bibliographyItems":4126,"exhibitionItems":4159,"searchText":4167},{"pk_ArtworkID":4112,"Unique Impression ID":4113,"Artist":9,"Title":1957,"Display Date":2709,"zc_YearFirst":1062,"Medium":4114,"Dimensions":1852,"zf_WebPublished":15,"Series":1961,"Reg Number Text":4113,"fk_ArtworkSeriesID":1962,"zc_htmlTitle":1963,"Credit Line":4115,"zc_htmlCreditLine":4116,"CR_Inscriptions":4117,"zc_htmlCRInscriptions":4118,"TItle_Alternative":197,"zc_htmlTitleAlternative":201,"Studio":15,"fk_StudioID":15,"CR_Classification":19,"Public Notes":15,"CR_Provenance":4119,"zc_SortRegNo":788,"zc_SortRegNo2":21,"zc_htmlCRPublicNotes":15,"zc_htmlCRProvenance":4120,"zc_CR_examDate":4121,"CR_followup":15,"zf_CR":22,"modificationTimestampAPI":4122,"cr_sequence_number":2026,"Search Year Start":1062,"Search Year Start Circa":22,"Search Year End":1062,"Search Year End Circa":22,"Year":2709,"CR Number":2632,"zf_CRpublished":22,"zf_nonextant":15},216,"53.016","Oil and paper on canvas","Collection of Anthony and Catherine Harrison","\u003Cspan style=\"\" >Collection of Anthony and Catherine Harrison\u003C\u002Fspan>","Inscribed on back, lower center: RAUSCHENBERG ’51 →","\u003Cspan style=\"\" >Inscribed on back, lower center: \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"font-style:italic;\" >RAUSCHENBERG \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: 'AppleSystemUIFont';font-size: 13px;font-style:italic;\" >’\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"font-style:italic;\" >51 →\u003C\u002Fspan>","John Cage, New York, previous work (no. 15) painted over by the artist, 1953\rMerce Cunningham, New York, bequest, 1992\r[Christie’s, New York, November 10, 2009, lot 6]\rAnthony and Catherine Harrison, London and Basel, purchase at above, 2009","\u003Cspan style=\"\" >John Cage, New York, previous work (no. 15) painted over by the artist, 1953\u003Cbr\u002F>Merce Cunningham, New York, bequest, 1992\u003Cbr\u002F>[Christie’s, New York, November 10, 2009, lot 6]\u003Cbr\u002F>Anthony and Catherine Harrison, London and Basel, purchase at above, 2009\u003C\u002Fspan>","06\u002F19\u002F2023","08\u002F12\u002F2026 14:15:51",{},"119","501",[4127,4128,4129,4131,4132,4134,4136,4138,4140,4142,4146,4150,4152,4154,4155,4157,4158],{"pk":1069,"citation":1070,"mentions":3288,"year":1072,"sort":1073},{"pk":294,"citation":295,"mentions":1869,"year":291,"sort":297},{"pk":30,"citation":31,"mentions":4130,"year":33,"sort":34},"\u003Cspan style=\"\" >pp. 65, 100\u003C\u002Fspan>",{"pk":91,"citation":92,"mentions":1872,"year":88,"sort":94},{"pk":355,"citation":356,"mentions":4133,"year":99,"sort":358},"\u003Cspan style=\"\" >n.p. (pl. 3), as\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"font-style:italic;\" > Black Painting No 1\u003C\u002Fspan>",{"pk":102,"citation":103,"mentions":4135,"year":105,"sort":106},"\u003Cspan style=\"\" >pp. 72–73\u003C\u002Fspan>",{"pk":36,"citation":37,"mentions":4137,"year":39,"sort":40},"\u003Cspan style=\"\" >pp. 28, 44, 68, 153, 172 (pl. 99), as \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"font-style:italic;\" >Untitled\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"\" > [small black painting]\u003C\u002Fspan>",{"pk":424,"citation":425,"mentions":4139,"year":421,"sort":422},"\u003Cspan style=\"\" >pp. 59, 89\u003C\u002Fspan>",{"pk":1787,"citation":1788,"mentions":4141,"year":431,"sort":432},"\u003Cspan style=\"\" >no. 19, p. 129 (pl. 19), \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"font-style:italic;\" >as Untitled (small black painting)\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"\" > (not exhibited)\u003C\u002Fspan>",{"pk":4143,"citation":4144,"mentions":4145,"year":431,"sort":432},395,"\u003Cspan style=\"font-style:italic;\" >Black Mountain College: An Exhibition Series\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"\" >. Asheville, N.C.: Asheville Art Museum, 2006. Exhibition brochure\u003C\u002Fspan>","\u003Cspan style=\"\" >n.p., as \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"font-style:italic;\" >Untitled (Black Painting)\u003C\u002Fspan>",{"pk":4147,"citation":4148,"mentions":4149,"year":1176,"sort":1388},1726,"\u003Cspan style=\"\" >Herzogenrath, Wulf, and Barbara Nierhoff-Wielk, eds. \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"font-style:italic;\" >“John Cage und . . .”: Bildender Künstler—Einflüsse, Anregungen\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"\" >. Cologne: DuMont, 2012\u003C\u002Fspan>","\u003Cspan style=\"\" >pp. 35 (ill. [install]), 36 (fig. 4), as \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"font-style:italic;\" >Black Painting (Nr. 1)\u003C\u002Fspan>",{"pk":2002,"citation":2003,"mentions":4151,"year":1176,"sort":1388},"\u003Cspan style=\"\" >p. 119 (ill.), as \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"font-style:italic;\" >Untitled\u003C\u002Fspan>",{"pk":2077,"citation":2078,"mentions":4153,"year":146,"sort":147},"\u003Cspan style=\"\" >(fig. 3), as \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"font-style:italic;\" >Untitled\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"\" > [small black painting]\u003C\u002Fspan>",{"pk":1019,"citation":1020,"mentions":982,"year":1022,"sort":1023},{"pk":3667,"citation":3668,"mentions":4156,"year":561,"sort":562},"\u003Cspan style=\"\" >pp. 46–47\u003C\u002Fspan>",{"pk":1025,"citation":1026,"mentions":1027,"year":573,"sort":1028},{"pk":149,"citation":150,"mentions":1030,"year":152,"sort":153},[4160,4161,4162,4163,4166],{"citation":499,"catalogue":15,"year":99},{"citation":501,"catalogue":15,"year":119},{"citation":1312,"catalogue":15,"year":431},{"citation":4164,"catalogue":4165,"year":1176},"\u003Cspan style=\"\" >Akademie der Künste, Berlin, \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"font-style:italic;\" >“John Cage und . . .”: Bildender Künstler—Einflüsse, Anregungen\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"\" >, March 30–June 17, 2012. Traveled to Museum der Moderne Salzburg, Austria, July 14–October 7, 2012\u003C\u002Fspan>","(withdrawn early from Salzburg)",{"citation":2103,"catalogue":15,"year":146},"83 black painting 1953 oil and paper on canvas 22 × 28 in. (55.9 × 71.1 cm) collection of anthony and catherine harrison 53.016 inscribed on back, lower center: rauschenberg ’ 51 → untitled john cage, new york, previous work (no. 15) painted over by the artist, 1953 merce cunningham, new york, bequest, 1992 [christie’s, new york, november 10, 2009, lot 6] anthony and catherine harrison, london and basel, purchase at above, 2009 black paintings 1953 1953 cage, john. “on robert rauschenberg, artist, and his work.” metro (milan), no. 2 (1961) p. 41 tomkins, calvin. “profiles: moving out.” new yorker 40, no. 2 (february 29, 1964) p. 60 tomkins, calvin.  off the wall: robert rauschenberg and the art world of our time . garden city, n.y.: doubleday, 1980 pp. 65, 100 feinstein, roni. “the unknown early robert rauschenberg: the betty parsons exhibition of 1951.” arts magazine (new york) 59, no. 5 (january 1985) p. 129 rauschenberg: the white and black paintings 1949–1952 . new york: larry gagosian gallery, 1986. exhibition catalogue n.p. (pl. 3), as black painting no 1 feinstein, roni. “random order: the first fifteen years of robert rauschenberg’s art, 1949–1964.” phd diss., new york university, 1990. proquest (303859753) pp. 72–73 hopps, walter. robert rauschenberg: the early 1950s . houston: menil collection; houston fine art press, 1991. exhibition catalogue pp. 28, 44, 68, 153, 172 (pl. 99), as untitled [small black painting] tomkins, calvin. off the wall: a portrait of robert rauschenberg . new york: picador, 2005 pp. 59, 89 rosenthal, stephanie. black paintings . translated by büro sieveking. munich: haus der kunst; ostfildern, germany: hatje cantz, 2006. exhibition catalogue no. 19, p. 129 (pl. 19), as untitled (small black painting) (not exhibited) black mountain college: an exhibition series . asheville, n.c.: asheville art museum, 2006. exhibition brochure n.p., as untitled (black painting) herzogenrath, wulf, and barbara nierhoff-wielk, eds. “john cage und . . .”: bildender künstler—einflüsse, anregungen . cologne: dumont, 2012 pp. 35 (ill. [install]), 36 (fig. 4), as black painting (nr. 1) schimmel, paul, ed. destroy the picture: painting the void, 1949–1962 . los angeles: museum of contemporary art, 2012. exhibition catalogue p. 119 (ill.), as untitled haskell, caitlin. “untitled [glossy black painting].” rauschenberg research project, san francisco museum of modern art, july 2013 (fig. 3), as untitled [small black painting] crow, thomas.  the long march of pop: art, music, and design, 1930–1995 . new haven, conn.: yale university press, 2014 p. 55 cotkin, george. “erasure and addition: robert rauschenberg 1953.” in feast of excess: a cultural history of the new sensibility , by george cotkin, pp. 37–47. new york: oxford university press, 2015 pp. 46–47 hopps, walter. “robert rauschenberg.” in the dream colony: a life in art , by walter hopps pp. 237–55. new york: bloomsbury, 2017 p. 244 kotz, mary lynn. rauschenberg: art and life . 3rd ed. new york: harry n. abrams, 2018 p. 71 larry gagosian gallery, new york, rauschenberg: the white and black paintings 1949–1952 , april 18–may 31, 1986 corcoran gallery of art, washington, d.c., robert rauschenberg: the early 1950s , june 15–august 11, 1991. organized by menil collection, houston. traveled to menil collection, houston, september 27, 1991–january 5, 1992; museum of contemporary art chicago, february 8–april 19, 1992; san francisco museum of modern art, may 14–august 16, 1992; guggenheim museum soho, new york, october 24, 1992–january 24, 1993 asheville art museum, n.c., black mountain college: experiments in material and form , august 18–december 31, 2006 akademie der künste, berlin, “john cage und . . .”: bildender künstler—einflüsse, anregungen , march 30–june 17, 2012. traveled to museum der moderne salzburg, austria, july 14–october 7, 2012 (withdrawn early from salzburg) museum of contemporary art, los angeles, destroy the picture: painting the void, 1949–1962 , october 6, 2012–january 14, 2013. traveled to museum of contemporary art chicago, february 16–june 2, 2013",{"fieldData":4169,"portalData":4179,"recordId":4180,"modId":3091,"bibliographyItems":4181,"exhibitionItems":4193,"searchText":4197},{"pk_ArtworkID":4170,"Unique Impression ID":4171,"Artist":9,"Title":1957,"Display Date":2110,"zc_YearFirst":1062,"Medium":2461,"Dimensions":4172,"zf_WebPublished":15,"Series":1961,"Reg Number Text":4171,"fk_ArtworkSeriesID":1962,"zc_htmlTitle":1963,"Credit Line":4173,"zc_htmlCreditLine":4174,"CR_Inscriptions":15,"zc_htmlCRInscriptions":15,"TItle_Alternative":197,"zc_htmlTitleAlternative":201,"Studio":2035,"fk_StudioID":2036,"CR_Classification":19,"Public Notes":15,"CR_Provenance":4175,"zc_SortRegNo":788,"zc_SortRegNo2":21,"zc_htmlCRPublicNotes":15,"zc_htmlCRProvenance":4176,"zc_CR_examDate":4121,"CR_followup":15,"zf_CR":22,"modificationTimestampAPI":4177,"cr_sequence_number":3606,"Search Year Start":1062,"Search Year Start Circa":22,"Search Year End":1062,"Search Year End Circa":22,"Year":2110,"CR Number":4178,"zf_CRpublished":22,"zf_nonextant":15},218,"53.018","30 1\u002F8 × 24 in. (76.4 × 61 cm)","Kunstmuseum Basel, Purchase (G 1977.27)","\u003Cspan style=\"\" >Kunstmuseum Basel, Purchase (G 1977.27)\u003C\u002Fspan>","Previous work (no. 18) painted over by the artist, ca. 1953\rEleanor Ward, New York, ca. 1953\rGalerie Heiner Friedrich, Cologne, purchase, by 1971\rFranz Meyer, Basel, purchase, by 1973\rKunstmuseum Basel, purchase, 1977","\u003Cspan style=\"\" >Previous work (no. 18) painted over by the artist, ca. 1953\u003Cbr\u002F>Eleanor Ward, New York, ca. 1953\u003Cbr\u002F>Galerie Heiner Friedrich, Cologne, purchase, by 1971\u003Cbr\u002F>Franz Meyer, Basel, purchase, by 1973\u003Cbr\u002F>Kunstmuseum Basel, purchase, 1977\u003C\u002Fspan>","08\u002F12\u002F2026 14:16:09",84,{},"121",[4182,4186,4188,4189,4191],{"pk":4183,"citation":4184,"mentions":4185,"year":1596,"sort":1597},6153,"\u003Cspan style=\"font-style:italic;\" >A Contemporary Collection of Painting and Sculpture Selected from the Collection of Eleanor Ward\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"\" >. New London, Conn.: Lyman Allyn Museum, 1965. Exhibition catalogue\u003C\u002Fspan>","\u003Cspan style=\"\" >n.p., as \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"font-style:italic;\" >Should Love Come\u003C\u002Fspan>",{"pk":36,"citation":37,"mentions":4187,"year":39,"sort":40},"\u003Cspan style=\"\" >pp. 55, 68, 152 (fig. 45), 153, 173 (pl. 100), 193 (pl. 120 [install]), as \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"font-style:italic;\" >Untitled\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"\" > [small black painting] (not exhibited)\u003C\u002Fspan>",{"pk":999,"citation":1000,"mentions":151,"year":401,"sort":1002},{"pk":1787,"citation":1788,"mentions":4190,"year":431,"sort":432},"\u003Cspan style=\"\" >no. 20, p. 130 (pl. 20), as \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"font-style:italic;\" >Untitled \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"\" >(not exhibited)\u003C\u002Fspan>",{"pk":454,"citation":455,"mentions":4192,"year":187,"sort":188},"\u003Cspan style=\"\" >p. 94 (fig. 5 [install]) as \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"font-style:italic;\" >Untitled (Black Painting) \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"\" >(not exhibited)\u003C\u002Fspan>",[4194,4195],{"citation":1187,"catalogue":15,"year":1062},{"citation":4196,"catalogue":15,"year":1596},"\u003Cspan style=\"\" >Lyman Allyn Museum, New London, Conn., \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"font-style:italic;\" >A Contemporary Collection of Painting and Sculpture Selected from the Collection of Eleanor Ward\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"\" >, May 16–September 16, 1965\u003C\u002Fspan>","84 black painting ca. 1953 oil and newspaper on canvas 30 1\u002F8 × 24 in. (76.4 × 61 cm) kunstmuseum basel, purchase (g 1977.27) 53.018 untitled previous work (no. 18) painted over by the artist, ca. 1953 eleanor ward, new york, ca. 1953 galerie heiner friedrich, cologne, purchase, by 1971 franz meyer, basel, purchase, by 1973 kunstmuseum basel, purchase, 1977 black paintings 1953 1953 a contemporary collection of painting and sculpture selected from the collection of eleanor ward . new london, conn.: lyman allyn museum, 1965. exhibition catalogue n.p., as should love come hopps, walter. robert rauschenberg: the early 1950s . houston: menil collection; houston fine art press, 1991. exhibition catalogue pp. 55, 68, 152 (fig. 45), 153, 173 (pl. 100), 193 (pl. 120 [install]), as untitled [small black painting] (not exhibited) feinstein, roni. “rauschenberg: solutions for a small planet.” art in america 86, no. 2 (february 1998) p. 70 rosenthal, stephanie. black paintings . translated by büro sieveking. munich: haus der kunst; ostfildern, germany: hatje cantz, 2006. exhibition catalogue no. 20, p. 130 (pl. 20), as untitled (not exhibited) dickerman, leah, and achim borchardt-hume. robert rauschenberg . new york: museum of modern art; london: tate publishing, 2016. exhibition catalogue p. 94 (fig. 5 [install]) as untitled (black painting) (not exhibited) stable gallery, new york, rauschenberg: paintings and sculpture , september 15–october 3, 1953 lyman allyn museum, new london, conn., a contemporary collection of painting and sculpture selected from the collection of eleanor ward , may 16–september 16, 1965",{"fieldData":4199,"portalData":4205,"recordId":4206,"modId":4207,"bibliographyItems":4208,"exhibitionItems":4219,"searchText":4221},{"pk_ArtworkID":4200,"Unique Impression ID":4201,"Artist":9,"Title":3862,"Display Date":2709,"zc_YearFirst":1062,"Medium":4202,"Dimensions":14,"zf_WebPublished":15,"Series":3864,"Reg Number Text":4201,"fk_ArtworkSeriesID":3484,"zc_htmlTitle":3865,"Credit Line":17,"zc_htmlCreditLine":18,"CR_Inscriptions":15,"zc_htmlCRInscriptions":15,"TItle_Alternative":15,"zc_htmlTitleAlternative":15,"Studio":2035,"fk_StudioID":2036,"CR_Classification":731,"Public Notes":15,"CR_Provenance":15,"zc_SortRegNo":788,"zc_SortRegNo2":21,"zc_htmlCRPublicNotes":15,"zc_htmlCRProvenance":15,"zc_CR_examDate":15,"CR_followup":15,"zf_CR":22,"modificationTimestampAPI":4203,"cr_sequence_number":4204,"Search Year Start":1062,"Search Year Start Circa":15,"Search Year End":1062,"Search Year End Circa":15,"Year":2709,"CR Number":3209,"zf_CRpublished":22,"zf_nonextant":22},219,"53.019","Wood, stones, and nails (?)","06\u002F02\u002F2026 11:51:49",155,{},"122","386",[4209,4211,4212,4213,4215,4217],{"pk":1080,"citation":1081,"mentions":4210,"year":291,"sort":1083},"\u003Cspan style=\"\" >pp. 18–19\u003C\u002Fspan>",{"pk":96,"citation":97,"mentions":3386,"year":99,"sort":100},{"pk":102,"citation":103,"mentions":3108,"year":105,"sort":106},{"pk":36,"citation":37,"mentions":4214,"year":39,"sort":40},"\u003Cspan style=\"\" >pp. 157, 180 (pl. 108) (not exhibited)\u003C\u002Fspan>",{"pk":132,"citation":133,"mentions":4216,"year":135,"sort":136},"\u003Cspan style=\"\" >p. 88\u003C\u002Fspan>",{"pk":680,"citation":681,"mentions":4218,"year":141,"sort":142},"\u003Cspan style=\"\" >p. 204 (fig. 16)\u003C\u002Fspan>",[4220],{"citation":1187,"catalogue":15,"year":1062},"90 untitled ( elemental sculpture ) 1953 wood, stones, and nails (?) dimensions unknown lost 53.019 elemental sculptures 1953 1953 calas, nicolas. “robert rauschenberg.” kulchur (new york) 4, no. 15 (autumn 1964) pp. 18–19 feinstein, roni. “the early work of robert rauschenberg: the white paintings, the black paintings, and the elemental sculptures.” arts magazine (new york) 61, no. 1 (september 1986) p. 36 feinstein, roni. “random order: the first fifteen years of robert rauschenberg’s art, 1949–1964.” phd diss., new york university, 1990. proquest (303859753) p. 115 hopps, walter. robert rauschenberg: the early 1950s . houston: menil collection; houston fine art press, 1991. exhibition catalogue pp. 157, 180 (pl. 108) (not exhibited) joseph, branden w. random order: robert rauschenberg and the neo-avant-garde . cambridge, mass.: mit press, 2003 p. 88 delfiner, judith. double-barrelled gun: dada aux états-unis (1947–1957) . dijon: les presses du réel, 2011 p. 204 (fig. 16) stable gallery, new york, rauschenberg: paintings and sculpture , september 15–october 3, 1953",{"fieldData":4223,"portalData":4238,"recordId":4239,"modId":4240,"bibliographyItems":4241,"exhibitionItems":4244,"searchText":4247},{"pk_ArtworkID":4224,"Unique Impression ID":4225,"Artist":9,"Title":4226,"Display Date":2709,"zc_YearFirst":1062,"Medium":4227,"Dimensions":4228,"zf_WebPublished":15,"Series":4229,"Reg Number Text":4225,"fk_ArtworkSeriesID":4230,"zc_htmlTitle":4231,"Credit Line":3079,"zc_htmlCreditLine":3080,"CR_Inscriptions":4232,"zc_htmlCRInscriptions":4233,"TItle_Alternative":15,"zc_htmlTitleAlternative":15,"Studio":2035,"fk_StudioID":2036,"CR_Classification":19,"Public Notes":15,"CR_Provenance":4234,"zc_SortRegNo":788,"zc_SortRegNo2":21,"zc_htmlCRPublicNotes":15,"zc_htmlCRProvenance":4235,"zc_CR_examDate":4236,"CR_followup":15,"zf_CR":22,"modificationTimestampAPI":4237,"cr_sequence_number":4030,"Search Year Start":1062,"Search Year Start Circa":15,"Search Year End":1062,"Search Year End Circa":15,"Year":2709,"CR Number":412,"zf_CRpublished":22,"zf_nonextant":15},221,"53.021","Untitled (Gold Painting)","Gold leaf, fabric, paper, and glue on canvas","8 × 8 in. (20.4 × 20.4 cm)","Gold Paintings",234,"\u003Cspan style=\"font-style:italic;\" >Untitled \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"\" >(\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"font-style:italic;\" >Gold Painting\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"\" >)\u003C\u002Fspan>","Inscribed on stretcher: RAUSCHEBERG \u002F DEC. 53","\u003Cspan style=\"\" >Inscribed on stretcher: \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"font-style:italic;\" >RAUSCHEBERG \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"\" >\u002F\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"font-style:italic;\" > DEC. 53\u003C\u002Fspan>","( . . . )\r[Sotheby’s, New York, February 22, 1986, lot 13]\rIra and Lori Young, Vancouver, purchase at above, 1986\r[Sotheby’s, New York, May 4, 1994, lot 22]\rPrivate collection, New York, purchase at above, 1994","\u003Cspan style=\"\" >( . . . )\u003Cbr\u002F>[Sotheby’s, New York, February 22, 1986, lot 13]\u003Cbr\u002F>Ira and Lori Young, Vancouver, purchase at above, 1986\u003Cbr\u002F>[Sotheby’s, New York, May 4, 1994, lot 22]\u003Cbr\u002F>Private collection, New York, purchase at above, 1994\u003C\u002Fspan>","11\u002F30\u002F2022","07\u002F30\u002F2026 14:13:17",{},"124","438",[4242],{"pk":36,"citation":37,"mentions":4243,"year":39,"sort":40},"\u003Cspan style=\"\" >p. 212 (pl. 139)\u003C\u002Fspan>",[4245,4246],{"citation":501,"catalogue":15,"year":119},{"citation":1301,"catalogue":1796,"year":639},"111 untitled ( gold painting ) 1953 gold leaf, fabric, paper, and glue on canvas 8 × 8 in. (20.4 × 20.4 cm) private collection, new york 53.021 inscribed on stretcher: rauscheberg \u002F dec. 53 ( . . . ) [sotheby’s, new york, february 22, 1986, lot 13] ira and lori young, vancouver, purchase at above, 1986 [sotheby’s, new york, may 4, 1994, lot 22] private collection, new york, purchase at above, 1994 gold paintings 1953 1953 hopps, walter. robert rauschenberg: the early 1950s . houston: menil collection; houston fine art press, 1991. exhibition catalogue p. 212 (pl. 139) corcoran gallery of art, washington, d.c., robert rauschenberg: the early 1950s , june 15–august 11, 1991. organized by menil collection, houston. traveled to menil collection, houston, september 27, 1991–january 5, 1992; museum of contemporary art chicago, february 8–april 19, 1992; san francisco museum of modern art, may 14–august 16, 1992; guggenheim museum soho, new york, october 24, 1992–january 24, 1993 museum of contemporary art, los angeles, rolywholyover: a circus, september 12–november 28, 1993. traveled to menil collection, houston, january 14–april 2, 1994; guggenheim museum soho, new york, april 23–july 31, 1994; art tower mito, japan, november 3, 1994–february 26, 1995; philadelphia museum of art, june 4–july 30, 1995 (not in cat.; shown in los angeles only)",{"fieldData":4249,"portalData":4257,"recordId":4258,"modId":4259,"bibliographyItems":4260,"exhibitionItems":4290,"searchText":4304},{"pk_ArtworkID":4250,"Unique Impression ID":4251,"Artist":9,"Title":3862,"Display Date":2709,"zc_YearFirst":1062,"Medium":4252,"Dimensions":4253,"zf_WebPublished":22,"Series":3864,"Reg Number Text":4251,"fk_ArtworkSeriesID":3484,"zc_htmlTitle":3865,"Credit Line":923,"zc_htmlCreditLine":924,"CR_Inscriptions":15,"zc_htmlCRInscriptions":15,"TItle_Alternative":15,"zc_htmlTitleAlternative":15,"Studio":2035,"fk_StudioID":2036,"CR_Classification":731,"Public Notes":15,"CR_Provenance":1223,"zc_SortRegNo":788,"zc_SortRegNo2":21,"zc_htmlCRPublicNotes":15,"zc_htmlCRProvenance":1224,"zc_CR_examDate":3006,"CR_followup":15,"zf_CR":22,"modificationTimestampAPI":4254,"cr_sequence_number":4255,"Search Year Start":1062,"Search Year Start Circa":22,"Search Year End":1062,"Search Year End Circa":22,"Year":2709,"CR Number":4256,"zf_CRpublished":22,"zf_nonextant":15},222,"53.022","Wood and spike","10 7\u002F8 × 2 7\u002F8 × 3 1\u002F8 in. (27.5 × 7.3 × 8 cm)","07\u002F30\u002F2026 14:04:52",174,100,{},"125","921",[4261,4266,4268,4270,4271,4273,4275,4277,4279,4281,4283,4284,4286,4288],{"pk":4262,"citation":4263,"mentions":4264,"year":1062,"sort":4265},3950,"\u003Cspan style=\"\" >Fitzsimmons, James. “Art.” \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"font-style:italic;\" >Arts and Architecture\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"\" > 70, no. 10 (October 1953)\u003C\u002Fspan>","\u003Cspan style=\"\" >p. 34\u003C\u002Fspan>",19531000,{"pk":96,"citation":97,"mentions":4267,"year":99,"sort":100},"\u003Cspan style=\"\" >p. 33 (ill.)\u003C\u002Fspan>",{"pk":36,"citation":37,"mentions":4269,"year":39,"sort":40},"\u003Cspan style=\"\" >pp. 155–56, 174 (pl. 101)\u003C\u002Fspan>",{"pk":2977,"citation":2978,"mentions":2979,"year":113,"sort":2980},{"pk":2293,"citation":2294,"mentions":4272,"year":639,"sort":640},"\u003Cspan style=\"\" >no. 55, p. 65, 65 (pl. 55)\u003C\u002Fspan>",{"pk":374,"citation":375,"mentions":4274,"year":377,"sort":378},"\u003Cspan style=\"\" >no. 56, p. 86 (pl. 56)\u003C\u002Fspan>",{"pk":398,"citation":399,"mentions":4276,"year":401,"sort":402},"\u003Cspan style=\"\" >p. 155\u003C\u002Fspan>",{"pk":2589,"citation":2590,"mentions":4278,"year":421,"sort":422},"\u003Cspan style=\"\" >no. 594, pp. 277 (ill.), 409\u003C\u002Fspan>",{"pk":939,"citation":940,"mentions":4280,"year":942,"sort":943},"\u003Cspan style=\"\" >p. 49 (ill.)\u003C\u002Fspan>",{"pk":2838,"citation":2839,"mentions":4282,"year":1022,"sort":1023},"\u003Cspan style=\"\" >no. 8, n.p. (ill.)\u003C\u002Fspan>",{"pk":3954,"citation":3955,"mentions":3956,"year":1022,"sort":3957},{"pk":454,"citation":455,"mentions":4285,"year":187,"sort":188},"\u003Cspan style=\"\" >pp. 64, 92, 115 (pl. 77)\u003C\u002Fspan>",{"pk":2677,"citation":2678,"mentions":4287,"year":474,"sort":475},"\u003Cspan style=\"\" >p. 12, 12 (fig. 2)\u003C\u002Fspan>",{"pk":471,"citation":472,"mentions":4289,"year":474,"sort":475},"\u003Cspan style=\"\" >pp. 96 (ill.), 321\u003C\u002Fspan>",[4291,4292,4293,4295,4297,4299,4300,4301,4302,4303],{"citation":1187,"catalogue":15,"year":1062},{"citation":501,"catalogue":15,"year":119},{"citation":2689,"catalogue":4294,"year":644},"no. 55",{"citation":504,"catalogue":4296,"year":129},"no. 56",{"citation":2610,"catalogue":4298,"year":421},"no. 594 (shown in Barcelona only)",{"citation":958,"catalogue":15,"year":141},{"citation":2844,"catalogue":1842,"year":1022},{"citation":507,"catalogue":15,"year":152},{"citation":759,"catalogue":15,"year":760},{"citation":960,"catalogue":15,"year":760},"100 untitled ( elemental sculpture ) 1953 wood and spike 10 7\u002F8 × 2 7\u002F8 × 3 1\u002F8 in. (27.5 × 7.3 × 8 cm) robert rauschenberg foundation, new york 53.022 robert rauschenberg foundation, new york, bequest, 2008 elemental sculptures 1953 1953 fitzsimmons, james. “art.” arts and architecture 70, no. 10 (october 1953) p. 34 feinstein, roni. “the early work of robert rauschenberg: the white paintings, the black paintings, and the elemental sculptures.” arts magazine (new york) 61, no. 1 (september 1986) p. 33 (ill.) hopps, walter. robert rauschenberg: the early 1950s . houston: menil collection; houston fine art press, 1991. exhibition catalogue pp. 155–56, 174 (pl. 101) larson, kay. “zen and the art.” new york 25, no. 45 (november 16, 1992) p. 90 turrell, julia brown, ed. rauschenberg sculpture . fort worth, texas: modern art museum of fort worth, 1995. exhibition catalogue no. 55, p. 65, 65 (pl. 55) hopps, walter, and susan davidson. robert rauschenberg: a retrospective . new york: solomon r. guggenheim foundation, 1997. exhibition catalogue no. 56, p. 86 (pl. 56) doran, anne, and walter hopps. “robert rauschenberg: here comes everybody.” atlántica: revista de las artes (las palmas, spain), no. 21 (1998) p. 155 chevrier, jean-françois. art and utopia: limited action . barcelona: museu d’art contemporani de barcelona, 2005. exhibition catalogue no. 594, pp. 277 (ill.), 409 robert rauschenberg . new york: gagosian gallery, 2010. exhibition catalogue p. 49 (ill.) robert rauschenberg: the fulton street studio, 1953–54 . new york: craig f. starr gallery, 2014. exhibition catalogue no. 8, n.p. (ill.) butler, karen. “robert rauschenberg.” artforum 52, no. 10 (summer 2014) p. 367 dickerman, leah, and achim borchardt-hume. robert rauschenberg . new york: museum of modern art; london: tate publishing, 2016. exhibition catalogue pp. 64, 92, 115 (pl. 77) robert rauschenberg: sympathy for abandoned objects. new york: gladstone, 2025. exhibition catalogue p. 12, 12 (fig. 2) dziewior, yilmaz, and achim hochdörfer, with arthur fink, eds. five friends: john cage, merce cunningham, jasper johns, robert rauschenberg, cy twombly. munich: museum brandhorst; cologne: museum ludwig, 2025. exhibition catalogue pp. 96 (ill.), 321 stable gallery, new york, rauschenberg: paintings and sculpture , september 15–october 3, 1953 corcoran gallery of art, washington, d.c., robert rauschenberg: the early 1950s , june 15–august 11, 1991. organized by menil collection, houston. traveled to menil collection, houston, september 27, 1991–january 5, 1992; museum of contemporary art chicago, february 8–april 19, 1992; san francisco museum of modern art, may 14–august 16, 1992; guggenheim museum soho, new york, october 24, 1992–january 24, 1993 modern art museum of fort worth, texas, robert rauschenberg: sculpture , october 22–december 31, 1995. traveled to museum of contemporary art, north miami, fla., april 26–july 28, 1996 no. 55 solomon r. guggenheim museum, new york, robert rauschenberg: a retrospective , september 19, 1997–january 7, 1998 (also guggenheim museum soho, new york, september 19, 1997–january 4, 1998, and ace gallery, new york, september 19–november 9, 1997). traveled to menil collection, contemporary arts museum houston, and museum of fine arts, houston, february 13–may 17, 1998; museum ludwig, cologne (as robert rauschenberg: retrospektive ), june 27–october 11, 1998; museo guggenheim bilbao (as robert rauschenberg: retrospectiva ), november 21, 1998–march 7, 1999 no. 56 museu d’art contemporani de barcelona, art i utopia: l’acció restringida ( arte y utopía: la acción restringida\u002Fart and utopia: action restricted ), june 3–september 12, 2004. traveled to musée des beaux-arts de nantes, france (as l’action restreinte: l’art moderne selon mallarmé ), april 8–july 3, 2005 no. 594 (shown in barcelona only) gagosian gallery, new york, robert rauschenberg , october 29, 2010–january 15, 2011 craig f. starr gallery, new york, robert rauschenberg: the fulton street studio, 1953–1954 , april 4–may 23, 2014 no. 8 tate modern, london, robert rauschenberg , december 1, 2016–april 2, 2017. organized with museum of modern art, new york. traveled to museum of modern art, new york (as robert rauschenberg: among friends ), may 21–september 17, 2017; san francisco museum of modern art (as robert rauschenberg: erasing the rules ), november 18, 2017–march 25, 2018 museum brandhorst, munich, fünf freunde: john cage, merce cunningham, jasper johns, robert rauschenberg, cy twombly ( five friends: john cage, merce cunningham, jasper johns, robert rauschenberg, cy twombly ), april 10–august 17, 2025. traveled to museum ludwig, cologne, october 3, 2025–january 11, 2026 nasher sculpture center, dallas, rauschenberg sculpture , january 31–april 26, 2026",{"fieldData":4306,"portalData":4313,"recordId":4314,"modId":4315,"bibliographyItems":4316,"exhibitionItems":4335,"searchText":4344},{"pk_ArtworkID":4307,"Unique Impression ID":4308,"Artist":9,"Title":3862,"Display Date":4309,"zc_YearFirst":1062,"Medium":4310,"Dimensions":4311,"zf_WebPublished":15,"Series":3864,"Reg Number Text":4308,"fk_ArtworkSeriesID":3484,"zc_htmlTitle":3865,"Credit Line":923,"zc_htmlCreditLine":924,"CR_Inscriptions":15,"zc_htmlCRInscriptions":15,"TItle_Alternative":15,"zc_htmlTitleAlternative":15,"Studio":2035,"fk_StudioID":2036,"CR_Classification":731,"Public Notes":15,"CR_Provenance":1223,"zc_SortRegNo":788,"zc_SortRegNo2":21,"zc_htmlCRPublicNotes":15,"zc_htmlCRProvenance":1224,"zc_CR_examDate":3006,"CR_followup":15,"zf_CR":22,"modificationTimestampAPI":4312,"cr_sequence_number":2269,"Search Year Start":1062,"Search Year Start Circa":22,"Search Year End":1062,"Search Year End Circa":22,"Year":4309,"CR Number":7,"zf_CRpublished":22,"zf_nonextant":15},223,"53.023","1953 (?)","Tapestry bricks with mortar, concrete, and metal","14 3\u002F8 × 8 1\u002F8 × 7 1\u002F4 in. (36.5 × 20.6 × 18.5 cm)","07\u002F30\u002F2026 14:05:53",{},"126","928",[4317,4319,4321,4323,4325,4327,4329,4331,4333],{"pk":36,"citation":37,"mentions":4318,"year":39,"sort":40},"\u003Cspan style=\"\" >pp. 155, 159, 195 (pl. 122)\u003C\u002Fspan>",{"pk":624,"citation":625,"mentions":4320,"year":113,"sort":627},"\u003Cspan style=\"\" >sec. 1, p. 30 (ill.)\u003C\u002Fspan>",{"pk":374,"citation":375,"mentions":4322,"year":377,"sort":378},"\u003Cspan style=\"\" >no. 58, p. 87 (pl. 58)\u003C\u002Fspan>",{"pk":126,"citation":127,"mentions":4324,"year":129,"sort":130},"\u003Cspan style=\"\" >p. 17 (no. 11)\u003C\u002Fspan>",{"pk":428,"citation":429,"mentions":4326,"year":431,"sort":432},"\u003Cspan style=\"\" >p. 26 (ill.)\u003C\u002Fspan>",{"pk":939,"citation":940,"mentions":4328,"year":942,"sort":943},"\u003Cspan style=\"\" >pp. 46 (ill.), 47 (ill.)\u003C\u002Fspan>",{"pk":1172,"citation":1173,"mentions":4330,"year":1022,"sort":1023},"\u003Cspan style=\"\" >pp. 21 (ill.), 21–22\u003C\u002Fspan>",{"pk":454,"citation":455,"mentions":4332,"year":187,"sort":188},"\u003Cspan style=\"\" >pp. 92, 116 (pl. 79)\u003C\u002Fspan>",{"pk":471,"citation":472,"mentions":4334,"year":474,"sort":475},"\u003Cspan style=\"\" >p. 97 (ill.)\u003C\u002Fspan>",[4336,4337,4339,4340,4341,4342,4343],{"citation":501,"catalogue":15,"year":119},{"citation":504,"catalogue":4338,"year":129},"no. 58",{"citation":958,"catalogue":15,"year":141},{"citation":1211,"catalogue":15,"year":561},{"citation":507,"catalogue":715,"year":152},{"citation":759,"catalogue":15,"year":760},{"citation":960,"catalogue":15,"year":760},"102 untitled ( elemental sculpture ) 1953 (?) tapestry bricks with mortar, concrete, and metal 14 3\u002F8 × 8 1\u002F8 × 7 1\u002F4 in. (36.5 × 20.6 × 18.5 cm) robert rauschenberg foundation, new york 53.023 robert rauschenberg foundation, new york, bequest, 2008 elemental sculptures 1953 1953 hopps, walter. robert rauschenberg: the early 1950s . houston: menil collection; houston fine art press, 1991. exhibition catalogue pp. 155, 159, 195 (pl. 122) camper, fred. “the unordered universe.” reader (chicago), march 27, 1992 sec. 1, p. 30 (ill.) hopps, walter, and susan davidson. robert rauschenberg: a retrospective . new york: solomon r. guggenheim foundation, 1997. exhibition catalogue no. 58, p. 87 (pl. 58) hunter, sam. robert rauschenberg . new york: rizzoli, 1999 p. 17 (no. 11) hunter, sam. robert rauschenberg: works, writings and interviews . barcelona: polígrafa, 2006 p. 26 (ill.) robert rauschenberg . new york: gagosian gallery, 2010. exhibition catalogue pp. 46 (ill.), 47 (ill.) stiles, kristine, ed. rauschenberg: collecting and connecting . durham, n.c.: nasher museum of art at duke university; new york: robert rauschenberg foundation, 2014. exhibition catalogue pp. 21 (ill.), 21–22 dickerman, leah, and achim borchardt-hume. robert rauschenberg . new york: museum of modern art; london: tate publishing, 2016. exhibition catalogue pp. 92, 116 (pl. 79) dziewior, yilmaz, and achim hochdörfer, with arthur fink, eds. five friends: john cage, merce cunningham, jasper johns, robert rauschenberg, cy twombly. munich: museum brandhorst; cologne: museum ludwig, 2025. exhibition catalogue p. 97 (ill.) corcoran gallery of art, washington, d.c., robert rauschenberg: the early 1950s , june 15–august 11, 1991. organized by menil collection, houston. traveled to menil collection, houston, september 27, 1991–january 5, 1992; museum of contemporary art chicago, february 8–april 19, 1992; san francisco museum of modern art, may 14–august 16, 1992; guggenheim museum soho, new york, october 24, 1992–january 24, 1993 solomon r. guggenheim museum, new york, robert rauschenberg: a retrospective , september 19, 1997–january 7, 1998 (also guggenheim museum soho, new york, september 19, 1997–january 4, 1998, and ace gallery, new york, september 19–november 9, 1997). traveled to menil collection, contemporary arts museum houston, and museum of fine arts, houston, february 13–may 17, 1998; museum ludwig, cologne (as robert rauschenberg: retrospektive ), june 27–october 11, 1998; museo guggenheim bilbao (as robert rauschenberg: retrospectiva ), november 21, 1998–march 7, 1999 no. 58 gagosian gallery, new york, robert rauschenberg , october 29, 2010–january 15, 2011 nasher museum of art at duke university, durham, n.c., rauschenberg: collecting & connecting , august 28, 2014–january 11, 2015 tate modern, london, robert rauschenberg , december 1, 2016–april 2, 2017. organized with museum of modern art, new york. traveled to museum of modern art, new york (as robert rauschenberg: among friends ), may 21–september 17, 2017; san francisco museum of modern art (as robert rauschenberg: erasing the rules ), november 18, 2017–march 25, 2018 (not shown in london) museum brandhorst, munich, fünf freunde: john cage, merce cunningham, jasper johns, robert rauschenberg, cy twombly ( five friends: john cage, merce cunningham, jasper johns, robert rauschenberg, cy twombly ), april 10–august 17, 2025. traveled to museum ludwig, cologne, october 3, 2025–january 11, 2026 nasher sculpture center, dallas, rauschenberg sculpture , january 31–april 26, 2026",{"fieldData":4346,"portalData":4356,"recordId":4357,"modId":2323,"bibliographyItems":4358,"exhibitionItems":4369,"searchText":4375},{"pk_ArtworkID":4347,"Unique Impression ID":4348,"Artist":9,"Title":3862,"Display Date":4309,"zc_YearFirst":1062,"Medium":4349,"Dimensions":4350,"zf_WebPublished":22,"Series":3864,"Reg Number Text":4348,"fk_ArtworkSeriesID":3484,"zc_htmlTitle":3865,"Credit Line":4351,"zc_htmlCreditLine":4352,"CR_Inscriptions":15,"zc_htmlCRInscriptions":15,"TItle_Alternative":15,"zc_htmlTitleAlternative":15,"Studio":2035,"fk_StudioID":2036,"CR_Classification":731,"Public Notes":15,"CR_Provenance":1441,"zc_SortRegNo":788,"zc_SortRegNo2":21,"zc_htmlCRPublicNotes":15,"zc_htmlCRProvenance":1442,"zc_CR_examDate":4353,"CR_followup":15,"zf_CR":22,"modificationTimestampAPI":4354,"cr_sequence_number":2311,"Search Year Start":1062,"Search Year Start Circa":22,"Search Year End":1062,"Search Year End Circa":22,"Year":4309,"CR Number":4355,"zf_CRpublished":22,"zf_nonextant":15},224,"53.024","Malleable iron split pipe ring, metal strap, stone, eye lag screw, machine screws, and nuts","9 7\u002F8 × 18 1\u002F2 × 14 in. (25 × 47 × 35.6 cm)","San Francisco Museum of Modern Art, Purchase through a gift of Phyllis C. Wattis (98.305)","\u003Cspan style=\"\" >San Francisco Museum of Modern Art, Purchase through a gift of Phyllis C. Wattis (98.305)\u003C\u002Fspan>","04\u002F15\u002F2024","09\u002F29\u002F2026 12:36:52",103,{},"127",[4359,4361,4363,4365,4367],{"pk":36,"citation":37,"mentions":4360,"year":39,"sort":40},"\u003Cspan style=\"\" >pp. 155, 159, 194 (pl. 121)\u003C\u002Fspan>",{"pk":374,"citation":375,"mentions":4362,"year":377,"sort":378},"\u003Cspan style=\"\" >no. 50, p. 80 (pl. 50)\u003C\u002Fspan>",{"pk":1514,"citation":1515,"mentions":4364,"year":676,"sort":677},"\u003Cspan style=\"\" >pp. 12, 13 (fig. 4)\u003C\u002Fspan>",{"pk":3172,"citation":3173,"mentions":4366,"year":146,"sort":147},"\u003Cspan style=\"\" >(figs. 1, 4, 5 [install], 6 [detail])\u003C\u002Fspan>",{"pk":454,"citation":455,"mentions":4368,"year":187,"sort":188},"\u003Cspan style=\"\" >p. 113 (pl. 74)\u003C\u002Fspan>",[4370,4371,4372,4373,4374],{"citation":501,"catalogue":15,"year":119},{"citation":504,"catalogue":3704,"year":129},{"citation":709,"catalogue":15,"year":135},{"citation":711,"catalogue":566,"year":141},{"citation":507,"catalogue":15,"year":152},"103 untitled ( elemental sculpture ) 1953 (?) malleable iron split pipe ring, metal strap, stone, eye lag screw, machine screws, and nuts 9 7\u002F8 × 18 1\u002F2 × 14 in. (25 × 47 × 35.6 cm) san francisco museum of modern art, purchase through a gift of phyllis c. wattis (98.305) 53.024 san francisco museum of modern art, purchase, 1998 (via pacewildenstein, new york) elemental sculptures 1953 1953 hopps, walter. robert rauschenberg: the early 1950s . houston: menil collection; houston fine art press, 1991. exhibition catalogue pp. 155, 159, 194 (pl. 121) hopps, walter, and susan davidson. robert rauschenberg: a retrospective . new york: solomon r. guggenheim foundation, 1997. exhibition catalogue no. 50, p. 80 (pl. 50) lanchner, carolyn. robert rauschenberg . new york: museum of modern art, 2009 pp. 12, 13 (fig. 4) roberts, sarah. “untitled (elemental sculpture) [steel flange and stone].” rauschenberg research project, san francisco museum of modern art, july 2013 (figs. 1, 4, 5 [install], 6 [detail]) dickerman, leah, and achim borchardt-hume. robert rauschenberg . new york: museum of modern art; london: tate publishing, 2016. exhibition catalogue p. 113 (pl. 74) corcoran gallery of art, washington, d.c., robert rauschenberg: the early 1950s , june 15–august 11, 1991. organized by menil collection, houston. traveled to menil collection, houston, september 27, 1991–january 5, 1992; museum of contemporary art chicago, february 8–april 19, 1992; san francisco museum of modern art, may 14–august 16, 1992; guggenheim museum soho, new york, october 24, 1992–january 24, 1993 solomon r. guggenheim museum, new york, robert rauschenberg: a retrospective , september 19, 1997–january 7, 1998 (also guggenheim museum soho, new york, september 19, 1997–january 4, 1998, and ace gallery, new york, september 19–november 9, 1997). traveled to menil collection, contemporary arts museum houston, and museum of fine arts, houston, february 13–may 17, 1998; museum ludwig, cologne (as robert rauschenberg: retrospektive ), june 27–october 11, 1998; museo guggenheim bilbao (as robert rauschenberg: retrospectiva ), november 21, 1998–march 7, 1999 no. 50 san francisco museum of modern art, treasures of modern art: the legacy of phyllis wattis at sfmoma , january 30–june 24, 2003 san francisco museum of modern art, 75 years of looking forward: the anniversary show , december 19, 2009–january 16, 2011 (not in cat.) tate modern, london, robert rauschenberg , december 1, 2016–april 2, 2017. organized with museum of modern art, new york. traveled to museum of modern art, new york (as robert rauschenberg: among friends ), may 21–september 17, 2017; san francisco museum of modern art (as robert rauschenberg: erasing the rules ), november 18, 2017–march 25, 2018",{"fieldData":4377,"portalData":4389,"recordId":4390,"modId":2323,"bibliographyItems":4391,"exhibitionItems":4394,"searchText":4395},{"pk_ArtworkID":4378,"Unique Impression ID":4379,"Artist":9,"Title":4226,"Display Date":2709,"zc_YearFirst":1062,"Medium":4380,"Dimensions":4381,"zf_WebPublished":22,"Series":4229,"Reg Number Text":4379,"fk_ArtworkSeriesID":4230,"zc_htmlTitle":4231,"Credit Line":1727,"zc_htmlCreditLine":1728,"CR_Inscriptions":4382,"zc_htmlCRInscriptions":4383,"TItle_Alternative":15,"zc_htmlTitleAlternative":15,"Studio":2035,"fk_StudioID":2036,"CR_Classification":19,"Public Notes":15,"CR_Provenance":4384,"zc_SortRegNo":788,"zc_SortRegNo2":21,"zc_htmlCRPublicNotes":15,"zc_htmlCRProvenance":4385,"zc_CR_examDate":4386,"CR_followup":15,"zf_CR":22,"modificationTimestampAPI":4387,"cr_sequence_number":4388,"Search Year Start":1062,"Search Year Start Circa":15,"Search Year End":1062,"Search Year End Circa":15,"Year":2709,"CR Number":577,"zf_CRpublished":22,"zf_nonextant":15},226,"53.026","Gold leaf and paper on canvas, in wood-and-glass frame","10 5\u002F8 × 10 5\u002F8 in. (27 × 26.9 cm)","Inscribed on stretcher: RAUSCHENBERG 53","\u003Cspan style=\"\" >Inscribed on stretcher: \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"font-style:italic;\" >RAUSCHENBERG 53\u003C\u002Fspan>","[Poindexter Gallery, New York, ca. 1955–56]\r(?)\rAndrew Fabricant, New York, and Peder Bonnier, New York, purchase\rFabian Carlsson, London, purchase, ca. 1990\rBjörn Bengtsson, Varberg, Sweden, purchase, ca. 1990\r[Sotheby’s, New York, November 10, 1993, lot 14]\rPrivate collection, purchase at above, 1993","\u003Cspan style=\"\" >[Poindexter Gallery, New York, ca. 1955–56]\u003Cbr\u002F>(?)\u003Cbr\u002F>Andrew Fabricant, New York, and Peder Bonnier, New York, purchase\u003Cbr\u002F>\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"\" >Fabian Carlsson, London, purchase, ca. 1990\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"color: #D90B00;\" >\u003Cbr\u002F>\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"\" >Björn Bengtsson, Varberg, Sweden, purchase, ca. 1990\u003Cbr\u002F>[Sotheby’s, New York, November 10, 1993, lot 14]\u003Cbr\u002F>Private collection, purchase at above, 1993\u003C\u002Fspan>","01\u002F20\u002F2023","07\u002F30\u002F2026 14:13:33",212,{},"129",[4392],{"pk":2293,"citation":2294,"mentions":4393,"year":639,"sort":640},"\u003Cspan style=\"\" >no. 33, p. 40 (pl. 33) (not exhibited)\u003C\u002Fspan>",[],"112 untitled ( gold painting ) 1953 gold leaf and paper on canvas, in wood-and-glass frame 10 5\u002F8 × 10 5\u002F8 in. (27 × 26.9 cm) private collection 53.026 inscribed on stretcher: rauschenberg 53 [poindexter gallery, new york, ca. 1955–56] (?) andrew fabricant, new york, and peder bonnier, new york, purchase fabian carlsson, london, purchase, ca. 1990 björn bengtsson, varberg, sweden, purchase, ca. 1990 [sotheby’s, new york, november 10, 1993, lot 14] private collection, purchase at above, 1993 gold paintings 1953 1953 turrell, julia brown, ed. rauschenberg sculpture . fort worth, texas: modern art museum of fort worth, 1995. exhibition catalogue no. 33, p. 40 (pl. 33) (not exhibited)",{"fieldData":4397,"portalData":4409,"recordId":4410,"modId":4411,"bibliographyItems":4412,"exhibitionItems":4475,"searchText":4500},{"pk_ArtworkID":4398,"Unique Impression ID":4399,"Artist":9,"Title":4400,"Display Date":4401,"zc_YearFirst":1062,"Medium":4402,"Dimensions":4403,"zf_WebPublished":22,"Series":3864,"Reg Number Text":4399,"fk_ArtworkSeriesID":3484,"zc_htmlTitle":4404,"Credit Line":2572,"zc_htmlCreditLine":2573,"CR_Inscriptions":15,"zc_htmlCRInscriptions":15,"TItle_Alternative":15,"zc_htmlTitleAlternative":15,"Studio":15,"fk_StudioID":15,"CR_Classification":731,"Public Notes":15,"CR_Provenance":4405,"zc_SortRegNo":788,"zc_SortRegNo2":21,"zc_htmlCRPublicNotes":15,"zc_htmlCRProvenance":4406,"zc_CR_examDate":2578,"CR_followup":15,"zf_CR":22,"modificationTimestampAPI":4407,"cr_sequence_number":4408,"Search Year Start":1062,"Search Year Start Circa":22,"Search Year End":3279,"Search Year End Circa":22,"Year":4401,"CR Number":1433,"zf_CRpublished":22,"zf_nonextant":15},227,"53.027","Music Box (Elemental Sculpture)","ca. 1953–58","Wood box, nails, cut nails, stones, and feathers","11 × 7 1\u002F2 × 9 1\u002F4 in. (27.9 × 19.1 × 23.5 cm)","\u003Cspan style=\"font-style:italic;\" >Music Box \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"\" >(\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"font-style:italic;\" >Elemental Sculpture\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"\" >)\u003C\u002Fspan>","Jasper Johns, ca. 1958","\u003Cspan style=\"\" >Jasper Johns, ca. 1958\u003C\u002Fspan>","07\u002F31\u002F2026 12:46:59",248,{},"130","518",[4413,4415,4419,4422,4424,4426,4427,4428,4429,4431,4433,4434,4436,4437,4438,4440,4442,4444,4446,4448,4450,4452,4454,4455,4457,4459,4461,4463,4467,4471,4473],{"pk":70,"citation":71,"mentions":4414,"year":73,"sort":74},"\u003Cspan style=\"\" >no. 21, p. 73 (ill.)\u003C\u002Fspan>",{"pk":4416,"citation":4417,"mentions":3313,"year":844,"sort":4418},4760,"\u003Cspan style=\"\" >Tallmer, Jerry. “Rauschenberg Rides Again.” \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"font-style:italic;\" >New York Post\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"\" >, March 26, 1977\u003C\u002Fspan>",19770326,{"pk":4420,"citation":4421,"mentions":4280,"year":344,"sort":345},1046,"\u003Cspan style=\"font-style:italic;\" >Soundings\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"\" >. Purchase: Neuberger Museum, State University of New York, 1981. Exhibition catalogue\u003C\u002Fspan>",{"pk":102,"citation":103,"mentions":4423,"year":105,"sort":106},"\u003Cspan style=\"\" >pp. 115, 120, 137–38\u003C\u002Fspan>",{"pk":36,"citation":37,"mentions":4425,"year":39,"sort":40},"\u003Cspan style=\"\" >pp. 155, 157–58, 187 (pl. 114)\u003C\u002Fspan>",{"pk":2246,"citation":2247,"mentions":2248,"year":39,"sort":2249},{"pk":624,"citation":625,"mentions":2289,"year":113,"sort":627},{"pk":553,"citation":554,"mentions":555,"year":113,"sort":556},{"pk":3015,"citation":3016,"mentions":4430,"year":1421,"sort":3018},"\u003Cspan style=\"\" >no. 107, pp. 72–73, 73 (ill.)\u003C\u002Fspan>",{"pk":2293,"citation":2294,"mentions":4432,"year":639,"sort":640},"\u003Cspan style=\"\" >no. 56, pp. 65 (pl. 56), 65–66\u003C\u002Fspan>",{"pk":2655,"citation":2656,"mentions":2657,"year":644,"sort":2658},{"pk":374,"citation":375,"mentions":4435,"year":377,"sort":378},"\u003Cspan style=\"\" >no. 54, pp. 44, 84 (pl. 54)\u003C\u002Fspan>",{"pk":398,"citation":399,"mentions":4276,"year":401,"sort":402},{"pk":3550,"citation":3551,"mentions":3432,"year":401,"sort":3552},{"pk":2589,"citation":2590,"mentions":4439,"year":421,"sort":422},"\u003Cspan style=\"\" >no. 592, pp. 276 (ill.), 409\u003C\u002Fspan>",{"pk":3216,"citation":3217,"mentions":4441,"year":421,"sort":422},"\u003Cspan style=\"\" >no. 39, pp. 19, 20 (ill.), 101\u003C\u002Fspan>",{"pk":2597,"citation":2598,"mentions":4443,"year":421,"sort":422},"\u003Cspan style=\"\" >pp. 272 (ill.), 330\u003C\u002Fspan>",{"pk":434,"citation":435,"mentions":4445,"year":431,"sort":432},"\u003Cspan style=\"\" >pp. 172–74, 173 (fig. 29)\u003C\u002Fspan>",{"pk":438,"citation":439,"mentions":4447,"year":441,"sort":442},"\u003Cspan style=\"\" >p. 396 (fig. 52)\u003C\u002Fspan>",{"pk":1510,"citation":1511,"mentions":4449,"year":676,"sort":677},"\u003Cspan style=\"\" >pp. 182 (ill.), 293\u003C\u002Fspan>",{"pk":680,"citation":681,"mentions":4451,"year":141,"sort":142},"\u003Cspan style=\"\" >pp. 238, 239 (fig. 24)\u003C\u002Fspan>",{"pk":1385,"citation":1386,"mentions":4453,"year":1176,"sort":1388},"\u003Cspan style=\"\" >p. 390 (ill.)\u003C\u002Fspan>",{"pk":3172,"citation":3173,"mentions":15,"year":146,"sort":147},{"pk":2838,"citation":2839,"mentions":4456,"year":1022,"sort":1023},"\u003Cspan style=\"\" >no. 9, n.p. (ill.)\u003C\u002Fspan>",{"pk":3954,"citation":3955,"mentions":4458,"year":1022,"sort":3957},"\u003Cspan style=\"\" >p. 367 (ill.)\u003C\u002Fspan>",{"pk":454,"citation":455,"mentions":4460,"year":187,"sort":188},"\u003Cspan style=\"\" >pp. 93, 114 (pl. 75) (not exhibited)\u003C\u002Fspan>",{"pk":149,"citation":150,"mentions":4462,"year":152,"sort":153},"\u003Cspan style=\"\" >p. 83, 83 (ill.)\u003C\u002Fspan>",{"pk":4464,"citation":4465,"mentions":4466,"year":152,"sort":153},3047,"\u003Cspan style=\"\" >Caruso, Rossella. “Robert Rauschenberg alla Galleria L’Obelisco: Scatole e feticci personali.” In \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"font-style:italic;\" >Irene Brin, Gaspero del Corso e la Galleria L’Obelisco\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"\" >, edited by Vittoria Caterina Caratozzolo, Ilaria Schiaffini, and Claudio Zambianchi,\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"font-style:italic;\" > \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"\" >pp. 204–15.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"font-style:italic;\" > \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"\" >Rome:\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"font-style:italic;\" > \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"\" >Drago, 2018\u003C\u002Fspan>","\u003Cspan style=\"\" >p. 209\u003C\u002Fspan>",{"pk":4468,"citation":4469,"mentions":4470,"year":1019,"sort":3127},3564,"\u003Cspan style=\"\" >de Chassey, Éric. \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"font-style:italic;\" >Le surréalisme dans l’art américain: Dalí, Ernst, Tanguy, Pollock, Rothko, Johns, Bourgeois\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"\" >. Paris: Réunion des Musées Nationaux, 2021. Exhibition catalogue\u003C\u002Fspan>","\u003Cspan style=\"\" >no. 88, p. 104 (ill.)\u003C\u002Fspan>",{"pk":2677,"citation":2678,"mentions":4472,"year":474,"sort":475},"\u003Cspan style=\"\" >pp. 11 (fig. 1), 41 (not exhibited)\u003C\u002Fspan>",{"pk":471,"citation":472,"mentions":4474,"year":474,"sort":475},"\u003Cspan style=\"\" >p. 321\u003C\u002Fspan>",[4476,4478,4480,4481,4483,4484,4486,4488,4490,4491,4492,4493,4495,4498,4499],{"citation":493,"catalogue":4477,"year":79},"no. 21",{"citation":4479,"catalogue":15,"year":344},"\u003Cspan style=\"\" >Neuberger Museum of Art, State University of New York at Purchase, \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"font-style:italic;\" >Soundings\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"\" >, September 20–December 23, 1981\u003C\u002Fspan>",{"citation":501,"catalogue":15,"year":119},{"citation":3031,"catalogue":4482,"year":639},"no. 107",{"citation":2689,"catalogue":4296,"year":644},{"citation":504,"catalogue":4485,"year":129},"no. 54",{"citation":2610,"catalogue":4487,"year":421},"no. 592",{"citation":3230,"catalogue":4489,"year":431},"no. 39",{"citation":1567,"catalogue":15,"year":942},{"citation":1427,"catalogue":15,"year":146},{"citation":2844,"catalogue":1940,"year":1022},{"citation":4494,"catalogue":566,"year":573},"\u003Cspan style=\"\" >Walker Art Center, Minneapolis, \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"font-style:italic;\" >Merce Cunningham: Common Time\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"\" >, February 8–July 30, 2017\u003C\u002Fspan>",{"citation":4496,"catalogue":4497,"year":1019},"\u003Cspan style=\"\" >Centre de la Vieille Charité, Marseille, \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"font-style:italic;\" >Le surréalisme dans l’art américain\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"\" >, May 11–September 26, 2021. Organized by Musées de Marseille and Réunion des Musées Nationaux–Grand Palais, Paris\u003C\u002Fspan>","no. 88",{"citation":759,"catalogue":15,"year":760},{"citation":960,"catalogue":15,"year":760},"122 music box ( elemental sculpture ) ca. 1953–58 wood box, nails, cut nails, stones, and feathers 11 × 7 1\u002F2 × 9 1\u002F4 in. (27.9 × 19.1 × 23.5 cm) collection of jasper johns 53.027 jasper johns, ca. 1958 elemental sculptures 1953 1958 robert rauschenberg . washington, d.c.: national collection of fine arts, smithsonian institution, 1976. exhibition catalogue no. 21, p. 73 (ill.) tallmer, jerry. “rauschenberg rides again.” new york post , march 26, 1977 p. 24 soundings . purchase: neuberger museum, state university of new york, 1981. exhibition catalogue p. 49 (ill.) feinstein, roni. “random order: the first fifteen years of robert rauschenberg’s art, 1949–1964.” phd diss., new york university, 1990. proquest (303859753) pp. 115, 120, 137–38 hopps, walter. robert rauschenberg: the early 1950s . houston: menil collection; houston fine art press, 1991. exhibition catalogue pp. 155, 157–58, 187 (pl. 114) johnson, patricia c. “’50s unveiled: rauschenberg shows work new to public.” houston chronicle , september 29, 1991 “zest” sec., p. 22 camper, fred. “the unordered universe.” reader (chicago), march 27, 1992 sec. 1, p. 33 bonetti, david. “rauschenberg: ’50s fervor at sfmoma.” san francisco examiner , may 14, 1992 sec. b, p. 6 worlds in a box . london: south bank centre, 1994. exhibition catalogue no. 107, pp. 72–73, 73 (ill.) turrell, julia brown, ed. rauschenberg sculpture . fort worth, texas: modern art museum of fort worth, 1995. exhibition catalogue no. 56, pp. 65 (pl. 56), 65–66 turner, elisa. “surprising take on enfant terrible’s sculpture.” miami herald , april 28, 1996 sec. i, p. 3i hopps, walter, and susan davidson. robert rauschenberg: a retrospective . new york: solomon r. guggenheim foundation, 1997. exhibition catalogue no. 54, pp. 44, 84 (pl. 54) doran, anne, and walter hopps. “robert rauschenberg: here comes everybody.” atlántica: revista de las artes (las palmas, spain), no. 21 (1998) p. 155 johnson, patricia c. “melding pot.” houston chronicle , february 15, 1998 p. 9 chevrier, jean-françois. art and utopia: limited action . barcelona: museu d’art contemporani de barcelona, 2005. exhibition catalogue no. 592, pp. 276 (ill.), 409 kosinski, dorothy. dialogues: duchamp, cornell, johns, rauschenberg . dallas: dallas museum of art; new haven, conn.: yale university press, 2005. exhibition catalogue no. 39, pp. 19, 20 (ill.), 101 chevrier, jean-françois. l’action restreinte: l’art moderne selon mallarmé . paris: hazan; nantes, france: musée des beaux-arts de nantes, 2005. exhibition catalogue pp. 272 (ill.), 330 pissarro, joachim.  cézanne\u002Fpissarro, johns\u002Frauschenberg: comparative studies on intersubjectivity in modern art . new york: cambridge university press, 2006 pp. 172–74, 173 (fig. 29) robinson, julia. “from abstraction to model: in the event of george brecht and the conceptual turn in the art of the 1960s.” phd diss., princeton university, n.j., 2008 p. 396 (fig. 52) robinson, julia. the anarchy of silence: john cage and experimental art . barcelona: museu d’art contemporani de barcelona, 2009. exhibition catalogue pp. 182 (ill.), 293 delfiner, judith. double-barrelled gun: dada aux états-unis (1947–1957) . dijon: les presses du réel, 2011 pp. 238, 239 (fig. 24) basualdo, carlos, and erica f. battle, eds. dancing around the bride: cage, cunningham, johns, rauschenberg, and duchamp . philadelphia: philadelphia museum of art, 2012. exhibition catalogue p. 390 (ill.) roberts, sarah. “untitled (elemental sculpture) [steel flange and stone].” rauschenberg research project, san francisco museum of modern art, july 2013 robert rauschenberg: the fulton street studio, 1953–54 . new york: craig f. starr gallery, 2014. exhibition catalogue no. 9, n.p. (ill.) butler, karen. “robert rauschenberg.” artforum 52, no. 10 (summer 2014) p. 367 (ill.) dickerman, leah, and achim borchardt-hume. robert rauschenberg . new york: museum of modern art; london: tate publishing, 2016. exhibition catalogue pp. 93, 114 (pl. 75) (not exhibited) kotz, mary lynn. rauschenberg: art and life . 3rd ed. new york: harry n. abrams, 2018 p. 83, 83 (ill.) caruso, rossella. “robert rauschenberg alla galleria l’obelisco: scatole e feticci personali.” in irene brin, gaspero del corso e la galleria l’obelisco , edited by vittoria caterina caratozzolo, ilaria schiaffini, and claudio zambianchi, pp. 204–15. rome: drago, 2018 p. 209 de chassey, éric. le surréalisme dans l’art américain: dalí, ernst, tanguy, pollock, rothko, johns, bourgeois . paris: réunion des musées nationaux, 2021. exhibition catalogue no. 88, p. 104 (ill.) robert rauschenberg: sympathy for abandoned objects. new york: gladstone, 2025. exhibition catalogue pp. 11 (fig. 1), 41 (not exhibited) dziewior, yilmaz, and achim hochdörfer, with arthur fink, eds. five friends: john cage, merce cunningham, jasper johns, robert rauschenberg, cy twombly. munich: museum brandhorst; cologne: museum ludwig, 2025. exhibition catalogue p. 321 national collection of fine arts, smithsonian institution, washington, d.c., robert rauschenberg , october 30, 1976–january 2, 1977. traveled to museum of modern art, new york, march 25–may 17, 1977; san francisco museum of modern art, june 24–august 21, 1977; albright-knox art gallery, buffalo, n.y., september 25–october 30, 1977; art institute of chicago, december 3, 1977–january 15, 1978 no. 21 neuberger museum of art, state university of new york at purchase, soundings , september 20–december 23, 1981 corcoran gallery of art, washington, d.c., robert rauschenberg: the early 1950s , june 15–august 11, 1991. organized by menil collection, houston. traveled to menil collection, houston, september 27, 1991–january 5, 1992; museum of contemporary art chicago, february 8–april 19, 1992; san francisco museum of modern art, may 14–august 16, 1992; guggenheim museum soho, new york, october 24, 1992–january 24, 1993 city art centre, edinburgh, worlds in a box , may 28–july 16, 1994. traveled to graves art gallery, sheffield, u.k., july 30–september 24, 1994; sainsbury centre for visual arts, university of east anglia, norwich, u.k., october 10–november 30, 1994; whitechapel art gallery, london, december 9, 1994–february 12, 1995 no. 107 modern art museum of fort worth, texas, robert rauschenberg: sculpture , october 22–december 31, 1995. traveled to museum of contemporary art, north miami, fla., april 26–july 28, 1996 no. 56 solomon r. guggenheim museum, new york, robert rauschenberg: a retrospective , september 19, 1997–january 7, 1998 (also guggenheim museum soho, new york, september 19, 1997–january 4, 1998, and ace gallery, new york, september 19–november 9, 1997). traveled to menil collection, contemporary arts museum houston, and museum of fine arts, houston, february 13–may 17, 1998; museum ludwig, cologne (as robert rauschenberg: retrospektive ), june 27–october 11, 1998; museo guggenheim bilbao (as robert rauschenberg: retrospectiva ), november 21, 1998–march 7, 1999 no. 54 museu d’art contemporani de barcelona, art i utopia: l’acció restringida ( arte y utopía: la acción restringida\u002Fart and utopia: action restricted ), june 3–september 12, 2004. traveled to musée des beaux-arts de nantes, france (as l’action restreinte: l’art moderne selon mallarmé ), april 8–july 3, 2005 no. 592 dallas museum of art, dialogues: duchamp, cornell, johns, rauschenberg , september 4, 2005–january 8, 2006 no. 39 museu d’art contemporani de barcelona, l’anarquia del silenci: john cage i l’art experimental ( la anarquía del silencio: john cage y el arte experimental\u002Fthe anarchy of silence: john cage and experimental art ), october 23, 2009–january 10, 2010 philadelphia museum of art, dancing around the bride: cage, cunningham, johns, rauschenberg, and duchamp , october 30, 2012–january 21, 2013. traveled to barbican art gallery, london (as the bride and the bachelors: duchamp with cage, cunningham, rauschenberg and johns ), february 14–june 9, 2013 craig f. starr gallery, new york, robert rauschenberg: the fulton street studio, 1953–1954 , april 4–may 23, 2014 no. 9 walker art center, minneapolis, merce cunningham: common time , february 8–july 30, 2017 (not in cat.) centre de la vieille charité, marseille, le surréalisme dans l’art américain , may 11–september 26, 2021. organized by musées de marseille and réunion des musées nationaux–grand palais, paris no. 88 museum brandhorst, munich, fünf freunde: john cage, merce cunningham, jasper johns, robert rauschenberg, cy twombly ( five friends: john cage, merce cunningham, jasper johns, robert rauschenberg, cy twombly ), april 10–august 17, 2025. traveled to museum ludwig, cologne, october 3, 2025–january 11, 2026 nasher sculpture center, dallas, rauschenberg sculpture , january 31–april 26, 2026",{"fieldData":4502,"portalData":4507,"recordId":4508,"modId":4509,"bibliographyItems":4510,"exhibitionItems":4515,"searchText":4516},{"pk_ArtworkID":1768,"Unique Impression ID":4503,"Artist":9,"Title":197,"Display Date":2028,"zc_YearFirst":1062,"Medium":4504,"Dimensions":14,"zf_WebPublished":15,"Series":15,"Reg Number Text":4503,"fk_ArtworkSeriesID":15,"zc_htmlTitle":201,"Credit Line":17,"zc_htmlCreditLine":18,"CR_Inscriptions":15,"zc_htmlCRInscriptions":15,"TItle_Alternative":15,"zc_htmlTitleAlternative":15,"Studio":2035,"fk_StudioID":2036,"CR_Classification":731,"Public Notes":15,"CR_Provenance":15,"zc_SortRegNo":788,"zc_SortRegNo2":21,"zc_htmlCRPublicNotes":15,"zc_htmlCRProvenance":15,"zc_CR_examDate":15,"CR_followup":15,"zf_CR":22,"modificationTimestampAPI":4505,"cr_sequence_number":4506,"Search Year Start":3817,"Search Year Start Circa":22,"Search Year End":3817,"Search Year End Circa":22,"Year":2028,"CR Number":1147,"zf_CRpublished":22,"zf_nonextant":22},"53.029","Paper, glass case, and wood base (?)","07\u002F30\u002F2026 14:16:24",235,{},"132","402",[4511,4513],{"pk":36,"citation":37,"mentions":4512,"year":39,"sort":40},"\u003Cspan style=\"\" >pp. 162, 204 (pl. 130) (not exhibited)\u003C\u002Fspan>",{"pk":454,"citation":455,"mentions":4514,"year":187,"sort":188},"\u003Cspan style=\"\" >p. 103 (pl. 62) (not exhibited)\u003C\u002Fspan>",[],"117 untitled ca. 1953–54 paper, glass case, and wood base (?) dimensions unknown lost 53.029 1954 1954 hopps, walter. robert rauschenberg: the early 1950s . houston: menil collection; houston fine art press, 1991. exhibition catalogue pp. 162, 204 (pl. 130) (not exhibited) dickerman, leah, and achim borchardt-hume. robert rauschenberg . new york: museum of modern art; london: tate publishing, 2016. exhibition catalogue p. 103 (pl. 62) (not exhibited)",{"fieldData":4518,"portalData":4525,"recordId":4526,"modId":4527,"bibliographyItems":4528,"exhibitionItems":4542,"searchText":4546},{"pk_ArtworkID":2228,"Unique Impression ID":4519,"Artist":9,"Title":1957,"Display Date":2821,"zc_YearFirst":1836,"Medium":4520,"Dimensions":4521,"zf_WebPublished":15,"Series":1961,"Reg Number Text":4519,"fk_ArtworkSeriesID":1962,"zc_htmlTitle":1963,"Credit Line":725,"zc_htmlCreditLine":726,"CR_Inscriptions":15,"zc_htmlCRInscriptions":15,"TItle_Alternative":197,"zc_htmlTitleAlternative":201,"Studio":1046,"fk_StudioID":1047,"CR_Classification":19,"Public Notes":15,"CR_Provenance":732,"zc_SortRegNo":788,"zc_SortRegNo2":21,"zc_htmlCRPublicNotes":15,"zc_htmlCRProvenance":733,"zc_CR_examDate":4522,"CR_followup":15,"zf_CR":22,"modificationTimestampAPI":4523,"cr_sequence_number":3210,"Search Year Start":49,"Search Year Start Circa":22,"Search Year End":1836,"Search Year End Circa":22,"Year":2821,"CR Number":4524,"zf_CRpublished":22,"zf_nonextant":15},"53.031","Oil, newspaper, paper towels, and gravel on canvas","35 3\u002F4 × 61 3\u002F4 in. 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[detail]), pp. 68, 153–54, 181 (pl. 109), as \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"font-style:italic;\" >Untitled \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"\" >[horizontal black painting]\u003C\u002Fspan>",{"pk":624,"citation":625,"mentions":626,"year":113,"sort":627},{"pk":374,"citation":375,"mentions":4533,"year":377,"sort":378},"\u003Cspan style=\"\" >no. 49, pp. 36 (fig. 26 [detail]), 79 (pl. 49), as \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"font-style:italic;\" >Untitled\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"\" > [horizontal black painting] (not exhibited)\u003C\u002Fspan>",{"pk":132,"citation":133,"mentions":4535,"year":135,"sort":136},"\u003Cspan style=\"\" >p. 82 (ill.), as \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"font-style:italic;\" >Untitled \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"\" >[horizontal black painting]\u003C\u002Fspan>",{"pk":1147,"citation":1148,"mentions":4537,"year":1150,"sort":1151},"\u003Cspan style=\"\" >no. 12, pp. 114–15 (ill.), as\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"font-style:italic;\" > Untitled \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"\" >[horizontal black painting]\u003C\u002Fspan>",{"pk":1787,"citation":1788,"mentions":4539,"year":431,"sort":432},"\u003Cspan style=\"\" >no. 22, p. 133 (pl. 22), as \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"font-style:italic;\" >Untitled (horizontal black painting)\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"\" > (not exhibited)\u003C\u002Fspan>",{"pk":2940,"citation":2941,"mentions":4541,"year":146,"sort":147},"\u003Cspan style=\"\" >(fig. 3), as \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"font-style:italic;\" >Untitled\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"\" > [horizontal black painting]\u003C\u002Fspan>",[4543,4544,4545],{"citation":501,"catalogue":15,"year":119},{"citation":1425,"catalogue":1409,"year":1150},{"citation":762,"catalogue":15,"year":760},"38 black painting ca. 1952 oil, newspaper, paper towels, and gravel on canvas 35 3\u002F4 × 61 3\u002F4 in. (90.9 × 157 cm) cy twombly foundation 53.031 untitled cy twombly cy twombly foundation, bequest, 2011 black paintings 1951 1952 hopps, walter. robert rauschenberg: the early 1950s . houston: menil collection; houston fine art press, 1991. exhibition catalogue cover (ill. [detail]), pp. 68, 153–54, 181 (pl. 109), as untitled [horizontal black painting] camper, fred. “the unordered universe.” reader (chicago), march 27, 1992 sec. 1, p. 31 hopps, walter, and susan davidson. robert rauschenberg: a retrospective . new york: solomon r. guggenheim foundation, 1997. exhibition catalogue no. 49, pp. 36 (fig. 26 [detail]), 79 (pl. 49), as untitled [horizontal black painting] (not exhibited) joseph, branden w. random order: robert rauschenberg and the neo-avant-garde . cambridge, mass.: mit press, 2003 p. 82 (ill.), as untitled [horizontal black painting] davidson, susan, and david white. rauschenberg . ferrara, italy: ferrara arte, 2004. exhibition catalogue no. 12, pp. 114–15 (ill.), as untitled [horizontal black painting] rosenthal, stephanie. black paintings . translated by büro sieveking. munich: haus der kunst; ostfildern, germany: hatje cantz, 2006. exhibition catalogue no. 22, p. 133 (pl. 22), as untitled (horizontal black painting) (not exhibited) thomas, james merle. “untitled [black painting with portal form].” rauschenberg research project, san francisco museum of modern art, july 2013 (fig. 3), as untitled [horizontal black painting] corcoran gallery of art, washington, d.c., robert rauschenberg: the early 1950s , june 15–august 11, 1991. organized by menil collection, houston. traveled to menil collection, houston, september 27, 1991–january 5, 1992; museum of contemporary art chicago, february 8–april 19, 1992; san francisco museum of modern art, may 14–august 16, 1992; guggenheim museum soho, new york, october 24, 1992–january 24, 1993 palazzo dei diamanti, ferrara, italy, rauschenberg , february 29–june 6, 2004 no. 12 gagosian gallery, new york, robert rauschenberg: important early works from the cy twombly foundation , april 25–september 26, 2026",{"fieldData":4548,"portalData":4553,"recordId":4554,"modId":4555,"bibliographyItems":4556,"exhibitionItems":4572,"searchText":4574},{"pk_ArtworkID":4549,"Unique Impression ID":4550,"Artist":9,"Title":1957,"Display Date":2110,"zc_YearFirst":1062,"Medium":4551,"Dimensions":14,"zf_WebPublished":15,"Series":1961,"Reg Number Text":4550,"fk_ArtworkSeriesID":1962,"zc_htmlTitle":1963,"Credit Line":17,"zc_htmlCreditLine":18,"CR_Inscriptions":15,"zc_htmlCRInscriptions":15,"TItle_Alternative":197,"zc_htmlTitleAlternative":201,"Studio":15,"fk_StudioID":15,"CR_Classification":19,"Public Notes":15,"CR_Provenance":15,"zc_SortRegNo":788,"zc_SortRegNo2":21,"zc_htmlCRPublicNotes":15,"zc_htmlCRProvenance":15,"zc_CR_examDate":15,"CR_followup":15,"zf_CR":22,"modificationTimestampAPI":4552,"cr_sequence_number":1897,"Search Year Start":1062,"Search Year Start Circa":22,"Search Year End":1062,"Search Year End Circa":22,"Year":2110,"CR Number":368,"zf_CRpublished":22,"zf_nonextant":22},232,"53.032","Oil and newspaper on canvas (?)","07\u002F31\u002F2026 17:09:57",{},"135","427",[4557,4558,4560,4562,4564,4566,4568,4570],{"pk":1069,"citation":1070,"mentions":1071,"year":1072,"sort":1073},{"pk":96,"citation":97,"mentions":4559,"year":99,"sort":100},"\u003Cspan style=\"\" >p. 31 (ill. [install])\u003C\u002Fspan>",{"pk":102,"citation":103,"mentions":4561,"year":105,"sort":106},"\u003Cspan style=\"\" >n.p. (fig. 28 [install])\u003C\u002Fspan>",{"pk":36,"citation":37,"mentions":4563,"year":39,"sort":40},"\u003Cspan style=\"\" >pp. 151 (fig. 44 [detail]), 152 (fig. 45 [detail]), 153–54, 155 (fig. 46 [install]), 182, 183 (pl. 110), as \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"font-style:italic;\" >Untitled \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"\" >[large black painting] (not exhibited)\u003C\u002Fspan>",{"pk":1988,"citation":1989,"mentions":4565,"year":119,"sort":120},"\u003Cspan style=\"\" >p. 21 (ill.), as \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"font-style:italic;\" >Untitled\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"\" > [large black painting] (not exhibited)\u003C\u002Fspan>",{"pk":2397,"citation":2398,"mentions":4567,"year":119,"sort":2400},"\u003Cspan style=\"\" >p. 68 (ill.), as \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"font-style:italic;\" >Untitled (Black Painting)\u003C\u002Fspan>",{"pk":1787,"citation":1788,"mentions":4569,"year":431,"sort":432},"\u003Cspan style=\"\" >no. 23, pp. 27–28 (pl. 23) (not exhibited)\u003C\u002Fspan>",{"pk":454,"citation":455,"mentions":4571,"year":187,"sort":188},"\u003Cspan style=\"\" >pp. 88–89 (ill. [install]), as \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"font-style:italic;\" >Untitled (Black Painting)\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"\" > (not exhibited)\u003C\u002Fspan>",[4573],{"citation":1187,"catalogue":15,"year":1062},"82 black painting ca. 1953 oil and newspaper on canvas (?) dimensions unknown lost 53.032 untitled black paintings 1953 1953 cage, john. “on robert rauschenberg, artist, and his work.” metro (milan), no. 2 (1961) p. 36 (fig. 2) feinstein, roni. “the early work of robert rauschenberg: the white paintings, the black paintings, and the elemental sculptures.” arts magazine (new york) 61, no. 1 (september 1986) p. 31 (ill. [install]) feinstein, roni. “random order: the first fifteen years of robert rauschenberg’s art, 1949–1964.” phd diss., new york university, 1990. proquest (303859753) n.p. (fig. 28 [install]) hopps, walter. robert rauschenberg: the early 1950s . houston: menil collection; houston fine art press, 1991. exhibition catalogue pp. 151 (fig. 44 [detail]), 152 (fig. 45 [detail]), 153–54, 155 (fig. 46 [install]), 182, 183 (pl. 110), as untitled [large black painting] (not exhibited) celant, germano, ed. roma–new york, 1948–1964: an art exploration. milan: charta, 1993. exhibition catalogue p. 21 (ill.), as untitled [large black painting] (not exhibited) molesworth, helen. “before bed.” october , no. 63 (winter 1993) p. 68 (ill.), as untitled (black painting) rosenthal, stephanie. black paintings . translated by büro sieveking. munich: haus der kunst; ostfildern, germany: hatje cantz, 2006. exhibition catalogue no. 23, pp. 27–28 (pl. 23) (not exhibited) dickerman, leah, and achim borchardt-hume. robert rauschenberg . new york: museum of modern art; london: tate publishing, 2016. exhibition catalogue pp. 88–89 (ill. [install]), as untitled (black painting) (not exhibited) stable gallery, new york, rauschenberg: paintings and sculpture , september 15–october 3, 1953",{"fieldData":4576,"portalData":4584,"recordId":4585,"modId":4586,"bibliographyItems":4587,"exhibitionItems":4590,"searchText":4591},{"pk_ArtworkID":3484,"Unique Impression ID":4577,"Artist":9,"Title":1957,"Display Date":2110,"zc_YearFirst":1062,"Medium":13,"Dimensions":4578,"zf_WebPublished":15,"Series":1961,"Reg Number Text":4577,"fk_ArtworkSeriesID":1962,"zc_htmlTitle":1963,"Credit Line":4579,"zc_htmlCreditLine":4580,"CR_Inscriptions":15,"zc_htmlCRInscriptions":15,"TItle_Alternative":197,"zc_htmlTitleAlternative":201,"Studio":2035,"fk_StudioID":2036,"CR_Classification":19,"Public Notes":15,"CR_Provenance":15,"zc_SortRegNo":788,"zc_SortRegNo2":21,"zc_htmlCRPublicNotes":15,"zc_htmlCRProvenance":15,"zc_CR_examDate":15,"CR_followup":15,"zf_CR":22,"modificationTimestampAPI":4581,"cr_sequence_number":4582,"Search Year Start":1062,"Search Year Start Circa":22,"Search Year End":1062,"Search Year End Circa":22,"Year":2110,"CR Number":4583,"zf_CRpublished":22,"zf_nonextant":22},"53.033","57 1\u002F8 × 55 3\u002F8 in. (145 × 140.6 cm)","Painted over by the artist to become Untitled (1955; Art Institute of Chicago [2015.122]; RRF 56.010)","\u003Cspan style=\"\" >Painted over by the artist to become \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"font-style:italic;\" >Untitled\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"\" > (1955; Art Institute of Chicago [2015.122]; RRF 56.010)\u003C\u002Fspan>","07\u002F30\u002F2026 14:57:58",139,85,{},"136","435",[4588],{"pk":36,"citation":37,"mentions":4589,"year":39,"sort":40},"\u003Cspan style=\"\" >pp. 66, 154, 185 (pl. 112), 204 (pl. 130 [detail]), as \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"font-style:italic;\" >Untitled \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"\" >[monochromatic black painting] (not exhibited)\u003C\u002Fspan>",[],"85 black painting ca. 1953 oil on canvas (?) 57 1\u002F8 × 55 3\u002F8 in. (145 × 140.6 cm) painted over by the artist to become untitled (1955; art institute of chicago [2015.122]; rrf 56.010) 53.033 untitled black paintings 1953 1953 hopps, walter. robert rauschenberg: the early 1950s . houston: menil collection; houston fine art press, 1991. exhibition catalogue pp. 66, 154, 185 (pl. 112), 204 (pl. 130 [detail]), as untitled [monochromatic black painting] (not exhibited)",{"fieldData":4593,"portalData":4601,"recordId":4602,"modId":4603,"bibliographyItems":4604,"exhibitionItems":4626,"searchText":4630},{"pk_ArtworkID":4230,"Unique Impression ID":4594,"Artist":9,"Title":4400,"Display Date":2709,"zc_YearFirst":1062,"Medium":4595,"Dimensions":4596,"zf_WebPublished":15,"Series":3864,"Reg Number Text":4594,"fk_ArtworkSeriesID":3484,"zc_htmlTitle":4404,"Credit Line":2273,"zc_htmlCreditLine":2274,"CR_Inscriptions":15,"zc_htmlCRInscriptions":15,"TItle_Alternative":15,"zc_htmlTitleAlternative":15,"Studio":2035,"fk_StudioID":2036,"CR_Classification":731,"Public Notes":15,"CR_Provenance":4597,"zc_SortRegNo":788,"zc_SortRegNo2":21,"zc_htmlCRPublicNotes":15,"zc_htmlCRProvenance":4598,"zc_CR_examDate":15,"CR_followup":15,"zf_CR":22,"modificationTimestampAPI":4599,"cr_sequence_number":4600,"Search Year Start":1062,"Search Year Start Circa":15,"Search Year End":1062,"Search Year End Circa":15,"Year":2709,"CR Number":3156,"zf_CRpublished":22,"zf_nonextant":15},"53.034","Wood box, cut nails, nails, and stones","Approx. 11 3\u002F4 × 6 1\u002F4 × 6 1\u002F4 in. (29.8 × 15.9 × 15.9 cm)","Rachel Rosenthal, New York, purchase from the artist, ca. 1953–54\r[auction sponsored by the Art Alliance of the Pasadena Art Museum, April 19, 1966, lot 23A]\rFrederick and Marcia Weisman, Los Angeles, purchase at above, 1966\rDayton’s Gallery 12, Minneapolis, purchase, December 24, 1968\r[Sotheby Parke Bernet, New York, November 17, 1971, lot 15]\rBill Bass Contemporary Painting and Sculpture, Chicago, purchase at above, 1971\r[Sotheby & Co., London, April 3, 1974, lot 39]\rPresent whereabouts unknown","\u003Cspan style=\"\" >Rachel Rosenthal, New York, purchase from the artist, ca. 1953–54\u003Cbr\u002F>[auction sponsored by the Art Alliance of the Pasadena Art Museum, April 19, 1966, lot 23A]\u003Cbr\u002F>Frederick and Marcia Weisman, Los Angeles, purchase at above, 1966\u003Cbr\u002F>Dayton’s Gallery 12, Minneapolis, purchase, December 24, 1968\u003Cbr\u002F>[Sotheby Parke Bernet, New York, November 17, 1971, lot 15]\u003Cbr\u002F>Bill Bass Contemporary Painting and Sculpture, Chicago, purchase at above, 1971\u003Cbr\u002F>[Sotheby & Co., London, April 3, 1974, lot 39]\u003Cbr\u002F>Present whereabouts unknown\u003C\u002Fspan>","10\u002F02\u002F2026 14:46:31",159,{},"137","470",[4605,4606,4607,4608,4610,4611,4612,4613,4615,4617,4619,4621,4623,4625],{"pk":1065,"citation":1066,"mentions":1061,"year":1062,"sort":1063},{"pk":4262,"citation":4263,"mentions":4264,"year":1062,"sort":4265},{"pk":1080,"citation":1081,"mentions":67,"year":291,"sort":1083},{"pk":22,"citation":313,"mentions":4609,"year":315,"sort":316},"\u003Cspan style=\"\" >pp. 166 (ill.), 168 (ill.)\u003C\u002Fspan>",{"pk":318,"citation":319,"mentions":4049,"year":321,"sort":322},{"pk":96,"citation":97,"mentions":4076,"year":99,"sort":100},{"pk":788,"citation":789,"mentions":3329,"year":791,"sort":792},{"pk":102,"citation":103,"mentions":4614,"year":105,"sort":106},"\u003Cspan style=\"\" >pp. 115–16, 120, 137–38, n.p. (fig. 31)\u003C\u002Fspan>",{"pk":36,"citation":37,"mentions":4616,"year":39,"sort":40},"\u003Cspan style=\"\" >pp. 155, 157–58, 186 (pl. 113) (not exhibited)\u003C\u002Fspan>",{"pk":406,"citation":407,"mentions":4618,"year":409,"sort":410},"\u003Cspan style=\"\" >p. 5, 5 (fig. 4)\u003C\u002Fspan>",{"pk":3606,"citation":3607,"mentions":4620,"year":421,"sort":3608},"\u003Cspan style=\"\" >p. 73 (ill.)\u003C\u002Fspan>",{"pk":680,"citation":681,"mentions":4622,"year":141,"sort":142},"\u003Cspan style=\"\" >p. 238\u003C\u002Fspan>",{"pk":444,"citation":445,"mentions":4624,"year":146,"sort":447},"\u003Cspan style=\"\" >pp. 25–26, 38 (no. 32)\u003C\u002Fspan>",{"pk":3667,"citation":3668,"mentions":1493,"year":561,"sort":562},[4627,4628],{"citation":1187,"catalogue":15,"year":1062},{"citation":4629,"catalogue":15,"year":327},"\u003Cspan style=\"\" >University Galleries, Southern Illinois University, Carbondale, \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"font-style:italic;\" >Small Environments\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"\" >, October 1972\u003C\u002Fspan>","92 music box ( elemental sculpture ) 1953 wood box, cut nails, nails, and stones approx. 11 3\u002F4 × 6 1\u002F4 × 6 1\u002F4 in. (29.8 × 15.9 × 15.9 cm) present whereabouts unknown 53.034 rachel rosenthal, new york, purchase from the artist, ca. 1953–54 [auction sponsored by the art alliance of the pasadena art museum, april 19, 1966, lot 23a] frederick and marcia weisman, los angeles, purchase at above, 1966 dayton’s gallery 12, minneapolis, purchase, december 24, 1968 [sotheby parke bernet, new york, november 17, 1971, lot 15] bill bass contemporary painting and sculpture, chicago, purchase at above, 1971 [sotheby & co., london, april 3, 1974, lot 39] present whereabouts unknown elemental sculptures 1953 1953 ashton, dore. “57th street: bob rauschenberg.” art digest 27, no. 20 (september 15, 1953) p. 25 fitzsimmons, james. “art.” arts and architecture 70, no. 10 (october 1953) p. 34 calas, nicolas. “robert rauschenberg.” kulchur (new york) 4, no. 15 (autumn 1964) p. 18 forge, andrew. rauschenberg . new york: harry n. abrams, [1969] pp. 166 (ill.), 168 (ill.) tōno, yoshiaki. “robert rauschenberg: his autobiography with annotations.” bijutsu techo (tokyo) 22, no. 326 (april 1970) p. 87 (ill.) feinstein, roni. “the early work of robert rauschenberg: the white paintings, the black paintings, and the elemental sculptures.” arts magazine (new york) 61, no. 1 (september 1986) pp. 33 (ill.), 36 rose, barbara. rauschenberg . new york: vintage books, 1987 p. 63 feinstein, roni. “random order: the first fifteen years of robert rauschenberg’s art, 1949–1964.” phd diss., new york university, 1990. proquest (303859753) pp. 115–16, 120, 137–38, n.p. (fig. 31) hopps, walter. robert rauschenberg: the early 1950s . houston: menil collection; houston fine art press, 1991. exhibition catalogue pp. 155, 157–58, 186 (pl. 113) (not exhibited) steinberg, leo.  encounters with rauschenberg (a lavishly illustrated lecture) . houston: menil collection; chicago: university of chicago press, 2000 p. 5, 5 (fig. 4) delfiner, judith. “quelques gouttes de sauvagerie sur manhattan: la réception de dada à new york, 1945–1957.” cahiers du musée national d’art moderne , no. 93 (autumn 2005) p. 73 (ill.) delfiner, judith. double-barrelled gun: dada aux états-unis (1947–1957) . dijon: les presses du réel, 2011 p. 238 craft, catherine.  robert rauschenberg . london: phaidon, 2013 pp. 25–26, 38 (no. 32) cotkin, george. “erasure and addition: robert rauschenberg 1953.” in feast of excess: a cultural history of the new sensibility , by george cotkin, pp. 37–47. new york: oxford university press, 2015 p. 42 stable gallery, new york, rauschenberg: paintings and sculpture , september 15–october 3, 1953 university galleries, southern illinois university, carbondale, small environments , october 1972",{"fieldData":4632,"portalData":4638,"recordId":4639,"modId":4640,"bibliographyItems":4641,"exhibitionItems":4648,"searchText":4650},{"pk_ArtworkID":4506,"Unique Impression ID":4633,"Artist":9,"Title":3862,"Display Date":2709,"zc_YearFirst":1062,"Medium":4634,"Dimensions":14,"zf_WebPublished":15,"Series":3864,"Reg Number Text":4633,"fk_ArtworkSeriesID":3484,"zc_htmlTitle":3865,"Credit Line":17,"zc_htmlCreditLine":18,"CR_Inscriptions":15,"zc_htmlCRInscriptions":15,"TItle_Alternative":15,"zc_htmlTitleAlternative":15,"Studio":2035,"fk_StudioID":2036,"CR_Classification":731,"Public Notes":15,"CR_Provenance":15,"zc_SortRegNo":788,"zc_SortRegNo2":21,"zc_htmlCRPublicNotes":15,"zc_htmlCRProvenance":15,"zc_CR_examDate":15,"CR_followup":15,"zf_CR":22,"modificationTimestampAPI":4635,"cr_sequence_number":4636,"Search Year Start":1062,"Search Year Start Circa":15,"Search Year End":1062,"Search Year End Circa":15,"Year":2709,"CR Number":4637,"zf_CRpublished":22,"zf_nonextant":22},"53.035","Wood, stones, and rope (?)","06\u002F02\u002F2026 11:52:30",168,96,{},"138","389",[4642,4643,4644,4646],{"pk":1065,"citation":1066,"mentions":1061,"year":1062,"sort":1063},{"pk":4262,"citation":4263,"mentions":4264,"year":1062,"sort":4265},{"pk":36,"citation":37,"mentions":4645,"year":39,"sort":40},"\u003Cspan style=\"\" >pp. 156, 192 (pl. 119 [install]) (not exhibited)\u003C\u002Fspan>",{"pk":2293,"citation":2294,"mentions":4647,"year":639,"sort":640},"\u003Cspan style=\"\" >no. 70, p. 88 (pl. 70 [install]) (not exhibited)\u003C\u002Fspan>",[4649],{"citation":1187,"catalogue":15,"year":1062},"96 untitled ( elemental sculpture ) 1953 wood, stones, and rope (?) dimensions unknown lost 53.035 elemental sculptures 1953 1953 ashton, dore. “57th street: bob rauschenberg.” art digest 27, no. 20 (september 15, 1953) p. 25 fitzsimmons, james. “art.” arts and architecture 70, no. 10 (october 1953) p. 34 hopps, walter. robert rauschenberg: the early 1950s . houston: menil collection; houston fine art press, 1991. exhibition catalogue pp. 156, 192 (pl. 119 [install]) (not exhibited) turrell, julia brown, ed. rauschenberg sculpture . fort worth, texas: modern art museum of fort worth, 1995. exhibition catalogue no. 70, p. 88 (pl. 70 [install]) (not exhibited) stable gallery, new york, rauschenberg: paintings and sculpture , september 15–october 3, 1953",{"fieldData":4652,"portalData":4658,"recordId":4659,"modId":4509,"bibliographyItems":4660,"exhibitionItems":4667,"searchText":4669},{"pk_ArtworkID":4653,"Unique Impression ID":4654,"Artist":9,"Title":3862,"Display Date":2709,"zc_YearFirst":1062,"Medium":4655,"Dimensions":14,"zf_WebPublished":15,"Series":3864,"Reg Number Text":4654,"fk_ArtworkSeriesID":3484,"zc_htmlTitle":3865,"Credit Line":17,"zc_htmlCreditLine":18,"CR_Inscriptions":15,"zc_htmlCRInscriptions":15,"TItle_Alternative":15,"zc_htmlTitleAlternative":15,"Studio":2035,"fk_StudioID":2036,"CR_Classification":731,"Public Notes":15,"CR_Provenance":15,"zc_SortRegNo":788,"zc_SortRegNo2":21,"zc_htmlCRPublicNotes":15,"zc_htmlCRProvenance":15,"zc_CR_examDate":15,"CR_followup":15,"zf_CR":22,"modificationTimestampAPI":4656,"cr_sequence_number":4657,"Search Year Start":1062,"Search Year Start Circa":15,"Search Year End":1062,"Search Year End Circa":15,"Year":2709,"CR Number":2293,"zf_CRpublished":22,"zf_nonextant":22},236,"53.036","Wood, twine, stone, nails, and cut nail (?)","06\u002F02\u002F2026 11:52:38",150,{},"139",[4661,4662,4663,4665],{"pk":1080,"citation":1081,"mentions":67,"year":291,"sort":1083},{"pk":96,"citation":97,"mentions":3386,"year":99,"sort":100},{"pk":102,"citation":103,"mentions":4664,"year":105,"sort":106},"\u003Cspan style=\"\" >pp. 111–12\u003C\u002Fspan>",{"pk":36,"citation":37,"mentions":4666,"year":39,"sort":40},"\u003Cspan style=\"\" >pp. 156–57, 193 (pl. 120 [install]) (not exhibited)\u003C\u002Fspan>",[4668],{"citation":1187,"catalogue":15,"year":1062},"88 untitled ( elemental sculpture ) 1953 wood, twine, stone, nails, and cut nail (?) dimensions unknown lost 53.036 elemental sculptures 1953 1953 calas, nicolas. “robert rauschenberg.” kulchur (new york) 4, no. 15 (autumn 1964) p. 18 feinstein, roni. “the early work of robert rauschenberg: the white paintings, the black paintings, and the elemental sculptures.” arts magazine (new york) 61, no. 1 (september 1986) p. 36 feinstein, roni. “random order: the first fifteen years of robert rauschenberg’s art, 1949–1964.” phd diss., new york university, 1990. proquest (303859753) pp. 111–12 hopps, walter. robert rauschenberg: the early 1950s . houston: menil collection; houston fine art press, 1991. exhibition catalogue pp. 156–57, 193 (pl. 120 [install]) (not exhibited) stable gallery, new york, rauschenberg: paintings and sculpture , september 15–october 3, 1953",{"fieldData":4671,"portalData":4677,"recordId":4678,"modId":4679,"bibliographyItems":4680,"exhibitionItems":4687,"searchText":4689},{"pk_ArtworkID":4672,"Unique Impression ID":4673,"Artist":9,"Title":3862,"Display Date":2709,"zc_YearFirst":1062,"Medium":4674,"Dimensions":14,"zf_WebPublished":15,"Series":3864,"Reg Number Text":4673,"fk_ArtworkSeriesID":3484,"zc_htmlTitle":3865,"Credit Line":17,"zc_htmlCreditLine":18,"CR_Inscriptions":15,"zc_htmlCRInscriptions":15,"TItle_Alternative":15,"zc_htmlTitleAlternative":15,"Studio":2035,"fk_StudioID":2036,"CR_Classification":731,"Public Notes":15,"CR_Provenance":15,"zc_SortRegNo":788,"zc_SortRegNo2":21,"zc_htmlCRPublicNotes":15,"zc_htmlCRProvenance":15,"zc_CR_examDate":15,"CR_followup":15,"zf_CR":22,"modificationTimestampAPI":4675,"cr_sequence_number":434,"Search Year Start":1062,"Search Year Start Circa":15,"Search Year End":1062,"Search Year End Circa":15,"Year":2709,"CR Number":4676,"zf_CRpublished":22,"zf_nonextant":22},237,"53.037","Marble, twine, and stone (?)","06\u002F02\u002F2026 11:52:48",89,{},"140","394",[4681,4682,4683,4684,4685],{"pk":4262,"citation":4263,"mentions":4264,"year":1062,"sort":4265},{"pk":1080,"citation":1081,"mentions":67,"year":291,"sort":1083},{"pk":96,"citation":97,"mentions":3386,"year":99,"sort":100},{"pk":102,"citation":103,"mentions":658,"year":105,"sort":106},{"pk":36,"citation":37,"mentions":4686,"year":39,"sort":40},"\u003Cspan style=\"\" >pp. 156, 193 (pl. 120 [install]) (not exhibited)\u003C\u002Fspan>",[4688],{"citation":1187,"catalogue":15,"year":1062},"89 untitled ( elemental sculpture ) 1953 marble, twine, and stone (?) dimensions unknown lost 53.037 elemental sculptures 1953 1953 fitzsimmons, james. “art.” arts and architecture 70, no. 10 (october 1953) p. 34 calas, nicolas. “robert rauschenberg.” kulchur (new york) 4, no. 15 (autumn 1964) p. 18 feinstein, roni. “the early work of robert rauschenberg: the white paintings, the black paintings, and the elemental sculptures.” arts magazine (new york) 61, no. 1 (september 1986) p. 36 feinstein, roni. “random order: the first fifteen years of robert rauschenberg’s art, 1949–1964.” phd diss., new york university, 1990. proquest (303859753) p. 112 hopps, walter. robert rauschenberg: the early 1950s . houston: menil collection; houston fine art press, 1991. exhibition catalogue pp. 156, 193 (pl. 120 [install]) (not exhibited) stable gallery, new york, rauschenberg: paintings and sculpture , september 15–october 3, 1953",{"fieldData":4691,"portalData":4702,"recordId":4703,"modId":4704,"bibliographyItems":4705,"exhibitionItems":4726,"searchText":4732},{"pk_ArtworkID":4097,"Unique Impression ID":4692,"Artist":9,"Title":4693,"Display Date":2028,"zc_YearFirst":1062,"Medium":4694,"Dimensions":4695,"zf_WebPublished":22,"Series":15,"Reg Number Text":4692,"fk_ArtworkSeriesID":15,"zc_htmlTitle":4696,"Credit Line":2572,"zc_htmlCreditLine":2573,"CR_Inscriptions":4697,"zc_htmlCRInscriptions":4698,"TItle_Alternative":15,"zc_htmlTitleAlternative":15,"Studio":2035,"fk_StudioID":2036,"CR_Classification":731,"Public Notes":15,"CR_Provenance":4699,"zc_SortRegNo":788,"zc_SortRegNo2":21,"zc_htmlCRPublicNotes":15,"zc_htmlCRProvenance":4700,"zc_CR_examDate":2578,"CR_followup":15,"zf_CR":22,"modificationTimestampAPI":4701,"cr_sequence_number":4549,"Search Year Start":1062,"Search Year Start Circa":22,"Search Year End":1062,"Search Year End Circa":22,"Year":2028,"CR Number":818,"zf_CRpublished":22,"zf_nonextant":15},"53.038","Soles","Wood box, paint, fabric, dirt balls, stones, fresco fragment, twine, and string","Box: 3 × 17 × 4 1\u002F2 in. (7.5 × 43.3 × 11.4 cm)","\u003Cspan style=\"font-style:italic;\" >Soles\u003C\u002Fspan>","Inscribed on bottom of box: RAUSCHENBERG 52 \u002F SOLES [stenciled with handwritten underline]","\u003Cspan style=\"\" >Inscribed on bottom of box: \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"font-style:italic;\" >RAUSCHENBERG 52\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"\" > \u002F \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"font-style:italic;text-decoration:underline ;\" >SOLES\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"\" > [stenciled with handwritten underline]\u003C\u002Fspan>","Jasper Johns, by exchange, 1950s","\u003Cspan style=\"\" >Jasper Johns, by exchange, 1950s\u003C\u002Fspan>","10\u002F02\u002F2026 14:47:32",{},"141","449",[4706,4708,4710,4712,4714,4716,4718,4720,4721,4723,4724],{"pk":70,"citation":71,"mentions":4707,"year":73,"sort":74},"\u003Cspan style=\"\" >no. 19, p. 72, 72 (ill.)\u003C\u002Fspan>",{"pk":36,"citation":37,"mentions":4709,"year":39,"sort":40},"\u003Cspan style=\"\" >pp. 159–60, 197 (pl. 124)\u003C\u002Fspan>",{"pk":2293,"citation":2294,"mentions":4711,"year":639,"sort":640},"\u003Cspan style=\"\" >no. 57, p. 66 (pl. 57) (not exhibited)\u003C\u002Fspan>",{"pk":374,"citation":375,"mentions":4713,"year":377,"sort":378},"\u003Cspan style=\"\" >no. 47, p. 77 (pl. 47) (not exhibited)\u003C\u002Fspan>",{"pk":132,"citation":133,"mentions":4715,"year":135,"sort":136},"\u003Cspan style=\"\" >p. 331\u003C\u002Fspan>",{"pk":2593,"citation":2594,"mentions":4717,"year":421,"sort":422},"\u003Cspan style=\"\" >pp. 93, 100 (ill.) (not exhibited)\u003C\u002Fspan>",{"pk":138,"citation":139,"mentions":4719,"year":141,"sort":142},"\u003Cspan style=\"\" >pp. 40 (fig. 2), 45–46\u003C\u002Fspan>",{"pk":144,"citation":145,"mentions":15,"year":146,"sort":147},{"pk":2838,"citation":2839,"mentions":4722,"year":1022,"sort":1023},"\u003Cspan style=\"\" >no. 6, n.p. (ill.)\u003C\u002Fspan>",{"pk":3954,"citation":3955,"mentions":3956,"year":1022,"sort":3957},{"pk":454,"citation":455,"mentions":4725,"year":187,"sort":188},"\u003Cspan style=\"\" >pp. 93, 117 (pl. 80)\u003C\u002Fspan>",[4727,4729,4730,4731],{"citation":493,"catalogue":4728,"year":79},"no. 19 (shown in Washington and New York only)",{"citation":501,"catalogue":502,"year":119},{"citation":2844,"catalogue":907,"year":1022},{"citation":507,"catalogue":15,"year":152},"115 soles ca. 1953–54 wood box, paint, fabric, dirt balls, stones, fresco fragment, twine, and string box: 3 × 17 × 4 1\u002F2 in. (7.5 × 43.3 × 11.4 cm) collection of jasper johns 53.038 inscribed on bottom of box: rauschenberg 52 \u002F soles [stenciled with handwritten underline] jasper johns, by exchange, 1950s 1953 1953 robert rauschenberg . washington, d.c.: national collection of fine arts, smithsonian institution, 1976. exhibition catalogue no. 19, p. 72, 72 (ill.) hopps, walter. robert rauschenberg: the early 1950s . houston: menil collection; houston fine art press, 1991. exhibition catalogue pp. 159–60, 197 (pl. 124) turrell, julia brown, ed. rauschenberg sculpture . fort worth, texas: modern art museum of fort worth, 1995. exhibition catalogue no. 57, p. 66 (pl. 57) (not exhibited) hopps, walter, and susan davidson. robert rauschenberg: a retrospective . new york: solomon r. guggenheim foundation, 1997. exhibition catalogue no. 47, p. 77 (pl. 47) (not exhibited) joseph, branden w. random order: robert rauschenberg and the neo-avant-garde . cambridge, mass.: mit press, 2003 p. 331 molesworth, helen. part object, part sculpture . columbus: wexner center for the arts, ohio state university; university park: pennsylvania state university press, 2005. exhibition catalogue pp. 93, 100 (ill.) (not exhibited) richards, elizabeth. “rauschenberg’s religion: autobiography and spiritual reference in rauschenberg’s use of textiles.” southeastern college art conference review 16, no. 1 (2011) pp. 40 (fig. 2), 45–46 davidson, susan. “mother of god.” rauschenberg research project, san francisco museum of modern art, july 2013 robert rauschenberg: the fulton street studio, 1953–54 . new york: craig f. starr gallery, 2014. exhibition catalogue no. 6, n.p. (ill.) butler, karen. “robert rauschenberg.” artforum 52, no. 10 (summer 2014) p. 367 dickerman, leah, and achim borchardt-hume. robert rauschenberg . new york: museum of modern art; london: tate publishing, 2016. exhibition catalogue pp. 93, 117 (pl. 80) national collection of fine arts, smithsonian institution, washington, d.c., robert rauschenberg , october 30, 1976–january 2, 1977. traveled to museum of modern art, new york, march 25–may 17, 1977; san francisco museum of modern art, june 24–august 21, 1977; albright-knox art gallery, buffalo, n.y., september 25–october 30, 1977; art institute of chicago, december 3, 1977–january 15, 1978 no. 19 (shown in washington and new york only) corcoran gallery of art, washington, d.c., robert rauschenberg: the early 1950s , june 15–august 11, 1991. organized by menil collection, houston. traveled to menil collection, houston, september 27, 1991–january 5, 1992; museum of contemporary art chicago, february 8–april 19, 1992; san francisco museum of modern art, may 14–august 16, 1992; guggenheim museum soho, new york, october 24, 1992–january 24, 1993 (shown in new york only) craig f. starr gallery, new york, robert rauschenberg: the fulton street studio, 1953–1954 , april 4–may 23, 2014 no. 6 tate modern, london, robert rauschenberg , december 1, 2016–april 2, 2017. organized with museum of modern art, new york. traveled to museum of modern art, new york (as robert rauschenberg: among friends ), may 21–september 17, 2017; san francisco museum of modern art (as robert rauschenberg: erasing the rules ), november 18, 2017–march 25, 2018",{"fieldData":4734,"portalData":4747,"recordId":4748,"modId":4749,"bibliographyItems":4750,"exhibitionItems":4821,"searchText":4833},{"pk_ArtworkID":4735,"Unique Impression ID":4736,"Artist":9,"Title":4737,"Display Date":2110,"zc_YearFirst":1062,"Medium":4738,"Dimensions":4739,"zf_WebPublished":22,"Series":15,"Reg Number Text":4736,"fk_ArtworkSeriesID":15,"zc_htmlTitle":4740,"Credit Line":923,"zc_htmlCreditLine":924,"CR_Inscriptions":4741,"zc_htmlCRInscriptions":4742,"TItle_Alternative":15,"zc_htmlTitleAlternative":15,"Studio":2035,"fk_StudioID":2036,"CR_Classification":19,"Public Notes":15,"CR_Provenance":4743,"zc_SortRegNo":788,"zc_SortRegNo2":21,"zc_htmlCRPublicNotes":15,"zc_htmlCRProvenance":4744,"zc_CR_examDate":3006,"CR_followup":15,"zf_CR":22,"modificationTimestampAPI":4745,"cr_sequence_number":3146,"Search Year Start":1062,"Search Year Start Circa":22,"Search Year End":1062,"Search Year End Circa":22,"Year":2110,"CR Number":4746,"zf_CRpublished":22,"zf_nonextant":15},241,"53.041","Dirt Painting (for John Cage)","Dirt, mold, and nails on wood, in wood frame","15 5\u002F8 × 15 3\u002F4 in. (39.6 × 40.1 cm)","\u003Cspan style=\"font-style:italic;\" >Dirt Painting (for John Cage)\u003C\u002Fspan>","Inscribed on back, upper center: TO JOHN WITH LOVE BOB; on back, center right: DOROTHY [sideways]","\u003Cspan style=\"\" >Inscribed on back, upper center: \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"font-style:italic;\" >TO JOHN WITH LOVE BOB\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"\" >; on back, center right: \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"font-style:italic;\" >DOROTHY\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"\" > [sideways]\u003C\u002Fspan>","John Cage, New York, gift of the artist, by 1956\rRobert Rauschenberg, by 1976\rRobert Rauschenberg Foundation, New York, bequest, 2008","\u003Cspan style=\"\" >John Cage, New York, gift of the artist, by 1956\u003Cbr\u002F>Robert Rauschenberg, by 1976\u003Cbr\u002F>Robert Rauschenberg Foundation, New York, bequest, 2008\u003C\u002Fspan>","08\u002F11\u002F2026 11:10:34",109,{},"144","977",[4751,4753,4755,4756,4758,4759,4761,4762,4763,4765,4767,4769,4770,4771,4772,4774,4775,4777,4779,4781,4783,4785,4787,4789,4791,4793,4795,4797,4799,4801,4803,4807,4809,4811,4813,4817,4819],{"pk":3290,"citation":3291,"mentions":4752,"year":1072,"sort":1073},"\u003Cspan style=\"\" >pp. 99–100\u003C\u002Fspan>",{"pk":24,"citation":269,"mentions":4754,"year":271,"sort":272},"\u003Cspan style=\"\" >no. 3, n.p., as \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"font-style:italic;\" >Dirt Painting\u003C\u002Fspan>",{"pk":283,"citation":284,"mentions":1076,"year":271,"sort":286},{"pk":305,"citation":306,"mentions":4757,"year":302,"sort":303},"\u003Cspan style=\"\" >no. 4, n.p., as \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"font-style:italic;\" >Dirt Painting\u003C\u002Fspan>",{"pk":3355,"citation":3356,"mentions":982,"year":315,"sort":3357},{"pk":70,"citation":71,"mentions":4760,"year":73,"sort":74},"\u003Cspan style=\"\" >no. 18, p. 72 (ill.)\u003C\u002Fspan>",{"pk":2138,"citation":2139,"mentions":3094,"year":844,"sort":2141},{"pk":3396,"citation":3397,"mentions":1869,"year":844,"sort":3399},{"pk":76,"citation":77,"mentions":4764,"year":79,"sort":80},"\u003Cspan style=\"\" >p. 176\u003C\u002Fspan>",{"pk":102,"citation":103,"mentions":4766,"year":105,"sort":106},"\u003Cspan style=\"\" >p. 489\u003C\u002Fspan>",{"pk":36,"citation":37,"mentions":4768,"year":39,"sort":40},"\u003Cspan style=\"\" >pp. 162, 207 (pl. 133)\u003C\u002Fspan>",{"pk":2644,"citation":2645,"mentions":3482,"year":39,"sort":2647},{"pk":3490,"citation":3491,"mentions":2287,"year":39,"sort":551},{"pk":624,"citation":625,"mentions":2386,"year":113,"sort":627},{"pk":3512,"citation":3513,"mentions":4773,"year":113,"sort":3515},"\u003Cspan style=\"\" >pp. 16, 17 (ill.)\u003C\u002Fspan>",{"pk":122,"citation":123,"mentions":4210,"year":119,"sort":120},{"pk":2161,"citation":2162,"mentions":4776,"year":644,"sort":1616},"\u003Cspan style=\"\" >cover (ill. [detail]), pp. 28, 33 (ill.), 55\u003C\u002Fspan>",{"pk":374,"citation":375,"mentions":4778,"year":377,"sort":378},"\u003Cspan style=\"\" >no. 55, p. 85 (pl. 55)\u003C\u002Fspan>",{"pk":2167,"citation":2168,"mentions":4780,"year":377,"sort":378},"\u003Cspan style=\"\" >pp. 30 (fig. 6), 31, 59, 300, 302–3 (ill. [detail])\u003C\u002Fspan>",{"pk":999,"citation":1000,"mentions":4782,"year":401,"sort":1002},"\u003Cspan style=\"\" >pp. 68 (ill.), 69\u003C\u002Fspan>",{"pk":126,"citation":127,"mentions":4784,"year":129,"sort":130},"\u003Cspan style=\"\" >p. 14 (no. 7)\u003C\u002Fspan>",{"pk":406,"citation":407,"mentions":4786,"year":409,"sort":410},"\u003Cspan style=\"\" >p. 11 (fig. 9)\u003C\u002Fspan>",{"pk":660,"citation":661,"mentions":4788,"year":409,"sort":663},"\u003Cspan style=\"\" >pp. 115, 116 (fig. 14)\u003C\u002Fspan>",{"pk":132,"citation":133,"mentions":4790,"year":135,"sort":136},"\u003Cspan style=\"\" >pp. 61 (ill.), 318\u003C\u002Fspan>",{"pk":428,"citation":429,"mentions":4792,"year":431,"sort":432},"\u003Cspan style=\"\" >p. 22 (ill.)\u003C\u002Fspan>",{"pk":434,"citation":435,"mentions":4794,"year":431,"sort":432},"\u003Cspan style=\"\" >pp. 206, 207 (fig. 39)\u003C\u002Fspan>",{"pk":1510,"citation":1511,"mentions":4796,"year":676,"sort":677},"\u003Cspan style=\"\" >pp. 183 (ill.), 293\u003C\u002Fspan>",{"pk":939,"citation":940,"mentions":4798,"year":942,"sort":943},"\u003Cspan style=\"\" >pp. 14, 15 (fig. 4), 16 (not exhibited)\u003C\u002Fspan>",{"pk":1385,"citation":1386,"mentions":4800,"year":1176,"sort":1388},"\u003Cspan style=\"\" >pp. 23, 387 (ill.)\u003C\u002Fspan>",{"pk":444,"citation":445,"mentions":4802,"year":146,"sort":447},"\u003Cspan style=\"\" >p. 41 (no. 35)\u003C\u002Fspan>",{"pk":4804,"citation":4805,"mentions":4806,"year":561,"sort":562},2067,"\u003Cspan style=\"\" >Braun, Emily. \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"font-style:italic;\" >Alberto Burri: The Trauma of Painting\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"\" >. New York: Solomon R. Guggenheim Foundation, 2015. Exhibition catalogue\u003C\u002Fspan>","\u003Cspan style=\"\" >p. 75 (not exhibited)\u003C\u002Fspan>",{"pk":3667,"citation":3668,"mentions":4808,"year":561,"sort":562},"\u003Cspan style=\"\" >pp. 42–43\u003C\u002Fspan>",{"pk":450,"citation":451,"mentions":4810,"year":187,"sort":188},"\u003Cspan style=\"\" >p. 39 (fig. 29)\u003C\u002Fspan>",{"pk":454,"citation":455,"mentions":4812,"year":187,"sort":188},"\u003Cspan style=\"\" >p. 105 (pl. 64)\u003C\u002Fspan>",{"pk":4814,"citation":4815,"mentions":4816,"year":187,"sort":188},2126,"\u003Cspan style=\"\" >Joseph, Branden W. \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"font-style:italic;\" >Experimentations: John Cage in Music, Art, and Architecture\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"\" >. New York: Bloomsbury Academic, 2016\u003C\u002Fspan>","\u003Cspan style=\"\" >p. 121 (fig. 3.12)\u003C\u002Fspan>",{"pk":694,"citation":695,"mentions":4818,"year":697,"sort":698},"\u003Cspan style=\"\" >n.p. (fig. 2)\u003C\u002Fspan>",{"pk":471,"citation":472,"mentions":4820,"year":474,"sort":475},"\u003Cspan style=\"\" >pp. 30 (ill.), 321\u003C\u002Fspan>",[4822,4823,4824,4825,4826,4827,4828,4829,4831,4832],{"citation":484,"catalogue":1420,"year":271},{"citation":491,"catalogue":956,"year":315},{"citation":493,"catalogue":2208,"year":79},{"citation":501,"catalogue":15,"year":119},{"citation":2206,"catalogue":15,"year":644},{"citation":504,"catalogue":4294,"year":129},{"citation":1567,"catalogue":15,"year":942},{"citation":1427,"catalogue":4830,"year":146},"(shown in Philadelphia only)",{"citation":507,"catalogue":15,"year":152},{"citation":759,"catalogue":15,"year":760},"109 dirt painting (for john cage) ca. 1953 dirt, mold, and nails on wood, in wood frame 15 5\u002F8 × 15 3\u002F4 in. (39.6 × 40.1 cm) robert rauschenberg foundation, new york 53.041 inscribed on back, upper center: to john with love bob ; on back, center right: dorothy [sideways] john cage, new york, gift of the artist, by 1956 robert rauschenberg, by 1976 robert rauschenberg foundation, new york, bequest, 2008 1953 1953 cage, john. “on robert rauschenberg, artist, and his work.” in silence: lectures and writings by john cage , pp. 98–108. middletown, conn.: wesleyan university press, 1961 pp. 99–100 solomon, alan r. robert rauschenberg . new york: jewish museum, 1963. exhibition catalogue no. 3, n.p., as dirt painting johnston, jill. “reviews and previews: robert rauschenberg.” artnews 62, no. 3 (may 1963) p. 11 robert rauschenberg: selections . fort worth, texas: fort worth art center museum, 1968. exhibition catalogue no. 4, n.p., as dirt painting hopkins, henry t. “in the museums: robert rauschenberg.” arts magazine (new york) 43, no. 4 (february 1969) p. 55 robert rauschenberg . washington, d.c.: national collection of fine arts, smithsonian institution, 1976. exhibition catalogue no. 18, p. 72 (ill.) forgey, benjamin. “an artist for all decades.” artnews 76, no. 1 (january 1977) p. 35 ratcliff, carter. “new york.” art international (lugano, switzerland) 21, no. 3 (may–june 1977) p. 60 sandler, irving. “rauschenberg and johns.” in the new york school: the painters and sculptors of the fifties , by irving sandler, pp. 174–95. new york: harper & row, 1978 p. 176 feinstein, roni. “random order: the first fifteen years of robert rauschenberg’s art, 1949–1964.” phd diss., new york university, 1990. proquest (303859753) p. 489 hopps, walter. robert rauschenberg: the early 1950s . houston: menil collection; houston fine art press, 1991. exhibition catalogue pp. 162, 207 (pl. 133) “a close-up of an artist’s evolution at corcoran.” washington times , june 24, 1991 sec. e, p. 3 wood, carol. “robert rauschenberg.” arts magazine (new york) 66, no. 3 (november 1991) p. 84 camper, fred. “the unordered universe.” reader (chicago), march 27, 1992 sec. 1, p. 32 tarshis, jerome. “creativity knew no limits.” christian science monitor , september 14, 1992 pp. 16, 17 (ill.) wainwright, lisa. “reading junk: thematic imagery in the art of robert rauschenberg from 1952 to 1964.” phd diss., university of illinois, urbana-champaign, 1993. proquest (304050074) pp. 18–19 bois, yve-alain, and rosalind e. krauss. l’informe: mode d’emploi . paris: centre georges pompidou, 1996. exhibition catalogue cover (ill. [detail]), pp. 28, 33 (ill.), 55 hopps, walter, and susan davidson. robert rauschenberg: a retrospective . new york: solomon r. guggenheim foundation, 1997. exhibition catalogue no. 55, p. 85 (pl. 55) bois, yve-alain, and rosalind e. krauss. formless: a user’s guide . new york: zone books, 1997. exhibition catalogue pp. 30 (fig. 6), 31, 59, 300, 302–3 (ill. [detail]) feinstein, roni. “rauschenberg: solutions for a small planet.” art in america 86, no. 2 (february 1998) pp. 68 (ill.), 69 hunter, sam. robert rauschenberg . new york: rizzoli, 1999 p. 14 (no. 7) steinberg, leo.  encounters with rauschenberg (a lavishly illustrated lecture) . houston: menil collection; chicago: university of chicago press, 2000 p. 11 (fig. 9) joseph, branden w. “white on white.” critical inquiry 27, no. 1 (autumn 2000) pp. 115, 116 (fig. 14) joseph, branden w. random order: robert rauschenberg and the neo-avant-garde . cambridge, mass.: mit press, 2003 pp. 61 (ill.), 318 hunter, sam. robert rauschenberg: works, writings and interviews . barcelona: polígrafa, 2006 p. 22 (ill.) pissarro, joachim.  cézanne\u002Fpissarro, johns\u002Frauschenberg: comparative studies on intersubjectivity in modern art . new york: cambridge university press, 2006 pp. 206, 207 (fig. 39) robinson, julia. the anarchy of silence: john cage and experimental art . barcelona: museu d’art contemporani de barcelona, 2009. exhibition catalogue pp. 183 (ill.), 293 robert rauschenberg . new york: gagosian gallery, 2010. exhibition catalogue pp. 14, 15 (fig. 4), 16 (not exhibited) basualdo, carlos, and erica f. battle, eds. dancing around the bride: cage, cunningham, johns, rauschenberg, and duchamp . philadelphia: philadelphia museum of art, 2012. exhibition catalogue pp. 23, 387 (ill.) craft, catherine.  robert rauschenberg . london: phaidon, 2013 p. 41 (no. 35) braun, emily. alberto burri: the trauma of painting . new york: solomon r. guggenheim foundation, 2015. exhibition catalogue p. 75 (not exhibited) cotkin, george. “erasure and addition: robert rauschenberg 1953.” in feast of excess: a cultural history of the new sensibility , by george cotkin, pp. 37–47. new york: oxford university press, 2015 pp. 42–43 krčma, ed. robert rauschenberg . london: tate publishing, 2016 p. 39 (fig. 29) dickerman, leah, and achim borchardt-hume. robert rauschenberg . new york: museum of modern art; london: tate publishing, 2016. exhibition catalogue p. 105 (pl. 64) joseph, branden w. experimentations: john cage in music, art, and architecture . new york: bloomsbury academic, 2016 p. 121 (fig. 3.12) sinclair, sara, with mary marshall clark and peter bearman, eds. robert rauschenberg: an oral history . new york: columbia university press, 2019 n.p. (fig. 2) dziewior, yilmaz, and achim hochdörfer, with arthur fink, eds. five friends: john cage, merce cunningham, jasper johns, robert rauschenberg, cy twombly. munich: museum brandhorst; cologne: museum ludwig, 2025. exhibition catalogue pp. 30 (ill.), 321 jewish museum, new york, robert rauschenberg , march 31–may 12, 1963 no. 3 fort worth art center museum, texas, robert rauschenberg: selections , january 5–february 2, 1969 no. 4 national collection of fine arts, smithsonian institution, washington, d.c., robert rauschenberg , october 30, 1976–january 2, 1977. traveled to museum of modern art, new york, march 25–may 17, 1977; san francisco museum of modern art, june 24–august 21, 1977; albright-knox art gallery, buffalo, n.y., september 25–october 30, 1977; art institute of chicago, december 3, 1977–january 15, 1978 no. 18 corcoran gallery of art, washington, d.c., robert rauschenberg: the early 1950s , june 15–august 11, 1991. organized by menil collection, houston. traveled to menil collection, houston, september 27, 1991–january 5, 1992; museum of contemporary art chicago, february 8–april 19, 1992; san francisco museum of modern art, may 14–august 16, 1992; guggenheim museum soho, new york, october 24, 1992–january 24, 1993 centre national d’art et de culture georges pompidou, paris, l’informe: mode d’emploi , may 22–august 26, 1996 solomon r. guggenheim museum, new york, robert rauschenberg: a retrospective , september 19, 1997–january 7, 1998 (also guggenheim museum soho, new york, september 19, 1997–january 4, 1998, and ace gallery, new york, september 19–november 9, 1997). traveled to menil collection, contemporary arts museum houston, and museum of fine arts, houston, february 13–may 17, 1998; museum ludwig, cologne (as robert rauschenberg: retrospektive ), june 27–october 11, 1998; museo guggenheim bilbao (as robert rauschenberg: retrospectiva ), november 21, 1998–march 7, 1999 no. 55 museu d’art contemporani de barcelona, l’anarquia del silenci: john cage i l’art experimental ( la anarquía del silencio: john cage y el arte experimental\u002Fthe anarchy of silence: john cage and experimental art ), october 23, 2009–january 10, 2010 philadelphia museum of art, dancing around the bride: cage, cunningham, johns, rauschenberg, and duchamp , october 30, 2012–january 21, 2013. traveled to barbican art gallery, london (as the bride and the bachelors: duchamp with cage, cunningham, rauschenberg and johns ), february 14–june 9, 2013 (shown in philadelphia only) tate modern, london, robert rauschenberg , december 1, 2016–april 2, 2017. organized with museum of modern art, new york. traveled to museum of modern art, new york (as robert rauschenberg: among friends ), may 21–september 17, 2017; san francisco museum of modern art (as robert rauschenberg: erasing the rules ), november 18, 2017–march 25, 2018 museum brandhorst, munich, fünf freunde: john cage, merce cunningham, jasper johns, robert rauschenberg, cy twombly ( five friends: john cage, merce cunningham, jasper johns, robert rauschenberg, cy twombly ), april 10–august 17, 2025. traveled to museum ludwig, cologne, october 3, 2025–january 11, 2026",{"fieldData":4835,"portalData":4847,"recordId":4848,"modId":4849,"bibliographyItems":4850,"exhibitionItems":4869,"searchText":4892},{"pk_ArtworkID":4836,"Unique Impression ID":4837,"Artist":9,"Title":4226,"Display Date":2110,"zc_YearFirst":1062,"Medium":4838,"Dimensions":4839,"zf_WebPublished":22,"Series":4229,"Reg Number Text":4837,"fk_ArtworkSeriesID":4230,"zc_htmlTitle":4231,"Credit Line":4840,"zc_htmlCreditLine":4841,"CR_Inscriptions":15,"zc_htmlCRInscriptions":15,"TItle_Alternative":15,"zc_htmlTitleAlternative":15,"Studio":2035,"fk_StudioID":2036,"CR_Classification":19,"Public Notes":15,"CR_Provenance":4842,"zc_SortRegNo":788,"zc_SortRegNo2":21,"zc_htmlCRPublicNotes":15,"zc_htmlCRProvenance":4843,"zc_CR_examDate":4844,"CR_followup":15,"zf_CR":22,"modificationTimestampAPI":4845,"cr_sequence_number":4846,"Search Year Start":1062,"Search Year Start Circa":22,"Search Year End":1062,"Search Year End Circa":22,"Year":2110,"CR Number":719,"zf_CRpublished":22,"zf_nonextant":15},242,"53.042","Gold leaf, paper, and glue on canvas, in wood-and-glass frame","12 5\u002F8 × 12 5\u002F8 in. (32 × 32 cm)","The Museum of Modern Art, New York (441.1974), and Solomon R. Guggenheim Museum, New York (74.2109), joint bequest of Eve Clendenin","\u003Cspan style=\"\" >The Museum of Modern Art, New York (441.1974), and Solomon R. Guggenheim Museum, New York (74.2109), joint bequest of Eve Clendenin\u003C\u002Fspan>","Eve Clendenin, New York, purchase, ca. 1953–54 (via Stable Gallery, New York)\rThe Museum of Modern Art, New York, and Solomon R. Guggenheim Museum, New York, joint bequest, 1974","\u003Cspan style=\"\" >Eve Clendenin, New York, purchase, ca. 1953–54 (via Stable Gallery, New York)\u003Cbr\u002F>The Museum of Modern Art, New York, and Solomon R. Guggenheim Museum, New York, joint bequest, 1974\u003C\u002Fspan>","12\u002F01\u002F2022","07\u002F30\u002F2026 14:14:06",215,{},"145","487",[4851,4853,4855,4857,4859,4863,4865,4867],{"pk":36,"citation":37,"mentions":4852,"year":39,"sort":40},"\u003Cspan style=\"\" >p. 208 (pl. 134)\u003C\u002Fspan>",{"pk":374,"citation":375,"mentions":4854,"year":377,"sort":378},"\u003Cspan style=\"\" >no. 60, p. 88 (pl. 60)\u003C\u002Fspan>",{"pk":999,"citation":1000,"mentions":4856,"year":401,"sort":1002},"\u003Cspan style=\"\" >p. 68 (ill.)\u003C\u002Fspan>",{"pk":406,"citation":407,"mentions":4858,"year":409,"sort":410},"\u003Cspan style=\"\" >p. 11 (fig. 8)\u003C\u002Fspan>",{"pk":4860,"citation":4861,"mentions":4862,"year":1176,"sort":1388},6151,"\u003Cspan style=\"font-style:italic;\" >Art of Another Kind: International Abstraction and the Guggenheim, 1949–1960\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"\" >. New York: Solomon R. Guggenheim Foundation, 2012. 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Guggenheim Museum, New York, \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"font-style:italic;\" >From the American Collection\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"\" >, September 30–November 13, 1977\u003C\u002Fspan>",{"citation":4875,"catalogue":570,"year":3427},"\u003Cspan style=\"\" >Solomon R. Guggenheim Museum, New York, \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"font-style:italic;\" >Art in America After World War II\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"\" >, January 18–February 25, 1979\u003C\u002Fspan>",{"citation":4877,"catalogue":1313,"year":856},"\u003Cspan style=\"\" >Solomon R. 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Guggenheim Museum, New York, \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"font-style:italic;\" >Artistic License: Six Takes on the Guggenheim Collection\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"\" >, May 24, 2019–January 12, 2020\u003C\u002Fspan>","113 untitled ( gold painting ) ca. 1953 gold leaf, paper, and glue on canvas, in wood-and-glass frame 12 5\u002F8 × 12 5\u002F8 in. (32 × 32 cm) the museum of modern art, new york (441.1974), and solomon r. guggenheim museum, new york (74.2109), joint bequest of eve clendenin 53.042 eve clendenin, new york, purchase, ca. 1953–54 (via stable gallery, new york) the museum of modern art, new york, and solomon r. guggenheim museum, new york, joint bequest, 1974 gold paintings 1953 1953 hopps, walter. robert rauschenberg: the early 1950s . houston: menil collection; houston fine art press, 1991. exhibition catalogue p. 208 (pl. 134) hopps, walter, and susan davidson. robert rauschenberg: a retrospective . new york: solomon r. guggenheim foundation, 1997. exhibition catalogue no. 60, p. 88 (pl. 60) feinstein, roni. “rauschenberg: solutions for a small planet.” art in america 86, no. 2 (february 1998) p. 68 (ill.) steinberg, leo.  encounters with rauschenberg (a lavishly illustrated lecture) . houston: menil collection; chicago: university of chicago press, 2000 p. 11 (fig. 8) art of another kind: international abstraction and the guggenheim, 1949–1960 . new york: solomon r. guggenheim foundation, 2012. exhibition catalogue p. 147 (ill.) craft, catherine.  robert rauschenberg . london: phaidon, 2013 p. 40 (no. 34) braun, emily. alberto burri: the trauma of painting . new york: solomon r. guggenheim foundation, 2015. exhibition catalogue p. 75, 75 (fig. 59) (not exhibited) dickerman, leah, and achim borchardt-hume. robert rauschenberg . new york: museum of modern art; london: tate publishing, 2016. exhibition catalogue p. 102 (pl. 61) solomon r. guggenheim museum, new york, recent acquisitions: gifts and purchases , may 2–june 1, 1975 (shown rotated) solomon r. guggenheim museum, new york, from the american collection , september 30–november 13, 1977 solomon r. guggenheim museum, new york, art in america after world war ii , january 18–february 25, 1979 (installed late) solomon r. guggenheim museum, new york, the new york school: four decades; guggenheim collection and major loans , july 1–august 29, 1982 (not in brochure) corcoran gallery of art, washington, d.c., robert rauschenberg: the early 1950s , june 15–august 11, 1991. organized by menil collection, houston. traveled to menil collection, houston, september 27, 1991–january 5, 1992; museum of contemporary art chicago, february 8–april 19, 1992; san francisco museum of modern art, may 14–august 16, 1992; guggenheim museum soho, new york, october 24, 1992–january 24, 1993 (shown in new york only) solomon r. guggenheim museum, new york, robert rauschenberg: a retrospective , september 19, 1997–january 7, 1998 (also guggenheim museum soho, new york, september 19, 1997–january 4, 1998, and ace gallery, new york, september 19–november 9, 1997). traveled to menil collection, contemporary arts museum houston, and museum of fine arts, houston, february 13–may 17, 1998; museum ludwig, cologne (as robert rauschenberg: retrospektive ), june 27–october 11, 1998; museo guggenheim bilbao (as robert rauschenberg: retrospectiva ), november 21, 1998–march 7, 1999 no. 60 (shown in new york only) museum of modern art, new york, how simple can you get? 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(25.8 × 20.5 cm)","Sonnabend Potamianos-Homem Collection","\u003Cspan style=\"\" >Sonnabend Potamianos-Homem Collection\u003C\u002Fspan>","Inscribed on back: TO ILLIANA \u002F + MIKE \u002F SPRING ’61 \u002F 8 X 10 WHT. PAINTING \u002F 1952; on stretcher: Paris","\u003Cspan style=\"\" >Inscribed on back: \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"font-style:italic;\" >TO ILLIANA \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"\" >\u002F\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"font-style:italic;\" > + MIKE \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"\" >\u002F \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"font-style:italic;\" >SPRING \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: 'AppleSystemUIFont';font-size: 13px;font-style:italic;\" >’\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"font-style:italic;\" >61\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"\" > \u002F \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"font-style:italic;\" >8 X 10 WHT. 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Bern, Switzerland: Kunsthalle Bern, 1966. Exhibition catalogue\u003C\u002Fspan>","\u003Cspan style=\"\" >no. 93, n.p., as \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"font-style:italic;\" >White Painting\u003C\u002Fspan>",{"pk":36,"citation":37,"mentions":4915,"year":39,"sort":40},"\u003Cspan style=\"\" >pp. 164, 169, 209 (pl. 135)\u003C\u002Fspan>",{"pk":629,"citation":630,"mentions":4917,"year":113,"sort":632},"\u003Cspan style=\"\" >pp. 128–29, as \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"font-style:italic;\" >White Lead Painting\u003C\u002Fspan>",{"pk":374,"citation":375,"mentions":4919,"year":377,"sort":378},"\u003Cspan style=\"\" >p. 555 (not exhibited)\u003C\u002Fspan>",{"pk":2838,"citation":2839,"mentions":1975,"year":1022,"sort":1023},{"pk":856,"citation":4922,"mentions":4923,"year":1022,"sort":1023},"\u003Cspan style=\"\" >Barbero, Luca Massimo. \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"font-style:italic;\" >Azimut\u002Fh: Continuity and Newness\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"\" >. Venice: Marsilio, 2014. Exhibition catalogue\u003C\u002Fspan>","\u003Cspan style=\"\" >p. 185 (ill.)\u003C\u002Fspan>",{"pk":3954,"citation":3955,"mentions":3956,"year":1022,"sort":3957},{"pk":454,"citation":455,"mentions":4926,"year":187,"sort":188},"\u003Cspan style=\"\" >p. 111 (pl. 70)\u003C\u002Fspan>",{"pk":471,"citation":472,"mentions":4928,"year":474,"sort":475},"\u003Cspan style=\"\" >pp. 24 (ill.), 321\u003C\u002Fspan>",[4930,4933,4934,4935,4936,4938,4939],{"citation":4931,"catalogue":4932,"year":1088},"\u003Cspan style=\"\" >Kunsthalle Bern, Switzerland, \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"font-style:italic;\" >Weiss auf Weiss\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"\" >, May 25–July 3, 1966\u003C\u002Fspan>","no. 93",{"citation":501,"catalogue":15,"year":119},{"citation":1427,"catalogue":566,"year":146},{"citation":2844,"catalogue":1289,"year":1022},{"citation":4937,"catalogue":15,"year":561},"\u003Cspan style=\"\" >Peggy Guggenheim Collection, Venice, \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"font-style:italic;\" >Azimut\u002Fh: Continuità e nuovo \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"\" >(\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"font-style:italic;\" >Azimut\u002Fh: Continuity and Newness\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"\" >), September 20, 2014–January 19, 2015\u003C\u002Fspan>",{"citation":507,"catalogue":715,"year":152},{"citation":759,"catalogue":15,"year":760},"118 untitled ca. 1953–55 oil on canvas 10 1\u002F8 × 8 1\u002F8 in. (25.8 × 20.5 cm) sonnabend potamianos-homem collection 53.043 inscribed on back: to illiana \u002F + mike \u002F spring ’ 61 \u002F 8 x 10 wht. painting \u002F 1952 ; on stretcher: paris white painting ileana and michael sonnabend, paris, gift of the artist, 1961 sonnabend collection foundation and antonio homem, new york, bequest, 2007 sonnabend potamianos-homem collection, bequest, 2026 1954 1954 weiss auf weiss . bern, switzerland: kunsthalle bern, 1966. exhibition catalogue no. 93, n.p., as white painting hopps, walter. robert rauschenberg: the early 1950s . houston: menil collection; houston fine art press, 1991. exhibition catalogue pp. 164, 169, 209 (pl. 135) colpitt, frances. “rauschenberg: in the beginning.” art in america 80, no. 4 (april 1992) pp. 128–29, as white lead painting hopps, walter, and susan davidson. robert rauschenberg: a retrospective . new york: solomon r. guggenheim foundation, 1997. exhibition catalogue p. 555 (not exhibited) robert rauschenberg: the fulton street studio, 1953–54 . new york: craig f. starr gallery, 2014. exhibition catalogue no. 5, n.p. (ill.) barbero, luca massimo. azimut\u002Fh: continuity and newness . venice: marsilio, 2014. exhibition catalogue p. 185 (ill.) butler, karen. “robert rauschenberg.” artforum 52, no. 10 (summer 2014) p. 367 dickerman, leah, and achim borchardt-hume. robert rauschenberg . new york: museum of modern art; london: tate publishing, 2016. exhibition catalogue p. 111 (pl. 70) dziewior, yilmaz, and achim hochdörfer, with arthur fink, eds. five friends: john cage, merce cunningham, jasper johns, robert rauschenberg, cy twombly. munich: museum brandhorst; cologne: museum ludwig, 2025. exhibition catalogue pp. 24 (ill.), 321 kunsthalle bern, switzerland, weiss auf weiss , may 25–july 3, 1966 no. 93 corcoran gallery of art, washington, d.c., robert rauschenberg: the early 1950s , june 15–august 11, 1991. organized by menil collection, houston. traveled to menil collection, houston, september 27, 1991–january 5, 1992; museum of contemporary art chicago, february 8–april 19, 1992; san francisco museum of modern art, may 14–august 16, 1992; guggenheim museum soho, new york, october 24, 1992–january 24, 1993 philadelphia museum of art, dancing around the bride: cage, cunningham, johns, rauschenberg, and duchamp , october 30, 2012–january 21, 2013. traveled to barbican art gallery, london (as the bride and the bachelors: duchamp with cage, cunningham, rauschenberg and johns ), february 14–june 9, 2013 (not in cat.) craig f. starr gallery, new york, robert rauschenberg: the fulton street studio, 1953–1954 , april 4–may 23, 2014 no. 5 peggy guggenheim collection, venice, azimut\u002Fh: continuità e nuovo ( azimut\u002Fh: continuity and newness ), september 20, 2014–january 19, 2015 tate modern, london, robert rauschenberg , december 1, 2016–april 2, 2017. organized with museum of modern art, new york. traveled to museum of modern art, new york (as robert rauschenberg: among friends ), may 21–september 17, 2017; san francisco museum of modern art (as robert rauschenberg: erasing the rules ), november 18, 2017–march 25, 2018 (not shown in london) museum brandhorst, munich, fünf freunde: john cage, merce cunningham, jasper johns, robert rauschenberg, cy twombly ( five friends: john cage, merce cunningham, jasper johns, robert rauschenberg, cy twombly ), april 10–august 17, 2025. traveled to museum ludwig, cologne, october 3, 2025–january 11, 2026",{"fieldData":4942,"portalData":4953,"recordId":4954,"modId":4527,"bibliographyItems":4955,"exhibitionItems":4968,"searchText":4975},{"pk_ArtworkID":3933,"Unique Impression ID":4943,"Artist":9,"Title":2224,"Display Date":2709,"zc_YearFirst":1062,"Medium":4944,"Dimensions":4945,"zf_WebPublished":15,"Series":2227,"Reg Number Text":4943,"fk_ArtworkSeriesID":2228,"zc_htmlTitle":2229,"Credit Line":4946,"zc_htmlCreditLine":4947,"CR_Inscriptions":4948,"zc_htmlCRInscriptions":4949,"TItle_Alternative":15,"zc_htmlTitleAlternative":15,"Studio":15,"fk_StudioID":15,"CR_Classification":731,"Public Notes":15,"CR_Provenance":4950,"zc_SortRegNo":788,"zc_SortRegNo2":21,"zc_htmlCRPublicNotes":15,"zc_htmlCRProvenance":4951,"zc_CR_examDate":2236,"CR_followup":15,"zf_CR":22,"modificationTimestampAPI":4952,"cr_sequence_number":36,"Search Year Start":1062,"Search Year Start Circa":15,"Search Year End":1062,"Search Year End Circa":15,"Year":2709,"CR Number":56,"zf_CRpublished":22,"zf_nonextant":15},"53.044","Wood box, paint, wood weaving shuttle, gravel, dirt, printed paper, wood slat, feather, twine, glass shard, beads, and mirror fragment","Box (closed): 1 1\u002F2 × 8 1\u002F8 × 2 5\u002F8 in. (3.7 × 20.5 × 6.7 cm)","Private collection, Houston","\u003Cspan style=\"\" >Private collection, Houston\u003C\u002Fspan>","Inscribed on bottom of box: CY \u002F RAUSCHENBERG 53 \u002F TANGER","\u003Cspan style=\"\" >Inscribed on bottom of box: \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"font-style:italic;\" >CY\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"\" > \u002F \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"font-style:italic;\" >RAUSCHENBERG 53\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"\" > \u002F \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"font-style:italic;\" >TANGER\u003C\u002Fspan>","Cy Twombly\rNicola Del Roscio, Rome, gift, by May 1994\r[Sotheby’s, New York, May 13, 2021, lot 208]\rPrivate collection, Houston, purchase at above, 2021","\u003Cspan style=\"\" >Cy Twombly\u003Cbr\u002F>Nicola Del Roscio, Rome, gift, by May 1994\u003Cbr\u002F>[Sotheby’s, New York, May 13, 2021, lot 208]\u003Cbr\u002F>Private collection, Houston, purchase at above, 2021\u003C\u002Fspan>","10\u002F02\u002F2026 14:47:50",{},"147",[4956,4958,4961,4963,4964,4966],{"pk":36,"citation":37,"mentions":4957,"year":39,"sort":40},"\u003Cspan style=\"\" >p. 139 (pl. 86) (not exhibited)\u003C\u002Fspan>",{"pk":3883,"citation":4959,"mentions":4960,"year":1421,"sort":3018},"\u003Cspan style=\"\" >Boyden, Martha\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"font-style:italic;\" >. American Art in Italian Private Collections\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"\" >. Rome: American Academy in Rome, 1994. Exhibition catalogue\u003C\u002Fspan>","\u003Cspan style=\"\" >no. 10, pp. 21–22, n.p. (ill.), as \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"font-style:italic;\" >Scatola Personale\u003C\u002Fspan>",{"pk":1147,"citation":1148,"mentions":4962,"year":1150,"sort":1151},"\u003Cspan style=\"\" >no. 10, p. 113 (ill.)\u003C\u002Fspan>",{"pk":2297,"citation":2298,"mentions":2299,"year":441,"sort":2300},{"pk":444,"citation":445,"mentions":4965,"year":146,"sort":447},"\u003Cspan style=\"\" >p. 37 (no. 30)\u003C\u002Fspan>",{"pk":454,"citation":455,"mentions":4967,"year":187,"sort":188},"\u003Cspan style=\"\" >p. 82 (pl. 46)\u003C\u002Fspan>",[4969,4970,4971,4973,4974],{"citation":2256,"catalogue":2305,"year":1062},{"citation":2259,"catalogue":2305,"year":1062},{"citation":4972,"catalogue":3069,"year":1421},"\u003Cspan style=\"\" >American Academy in Rome, \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"font-style:italic;\" >American Art in Italian Private Collections\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"\" >, May 27–June 30, 1994\u003C\u002Fspan>",{"citation":1425,"catalogue":3069,"year":1150},{"citation":507,"catalogue":15,"year":152},"49 untitled ( scatole e feticci personali ) 1953 wood box, paint, wood weaving shuttle, gravel, dirt, printed paper, wood slat, feather, twine, glass shard, beads, and mirror fragment box (closed): 1 1\u002F2 × 8 1\u002F8 × 2 5\u002F8 in. (3.7 × 20.5 × 6.7 cm) private collection, houston 53.044 inscribed on bottom of box: cy \u002F rauschenberg 53 \u002F tanger cy twombly nicola del roscio, rome, gift, by may 1994 [sotheby’s, new york, may 13, 2021, lot 208] private collection, houston, purchase at above, 2021 scatole e feticci personali 1953 1953 hopps, walter. robert rauschenberg: the early 1950s . houston: menil collection; houston fine art press, 1991. exhibition catalogue p. 139 (pl. 86) (not exhibited) boyden, martha . american art in italian private collections . rome: american academy in rome, 1994. exhibition catalogue no. 10, pp. 21–22, n.p. (ill.), as scatola personale davidson, susan, and david white. rauschenberg . ferrara, italy: ferrara arte, 2004. exhibition catalogue no. 10, p. 113 (ill.) cullinan, nicholas. “double exposure: robert rauschenberg’s and cy twombly’s roman holiday.” burlington magazine 150, no. 1264 (july 2008) p. 468 (fig. 36) craft, catherine.  robert rauschenberg . london: phaidon, 2013 p. 37 (no. 30) dickerman, leah, and achim borchardt-hume. robert rauschenberg . new york: museum of modern art; london: tate publishing, 2016. exhibition catalogue p. 82 (pl. 46) galleria d’arte contemporanea, florence, scatole e costruzioni contemplative di bob rauschenberg , opened march 14, 1953 (likely shown) galleria dell’obelisco, rome, bob rauschenberg: scatole e feticci personali , march 3–10, 1953 (likely shown) american academy in rome, american art in italian private collections , may 27–june 30, 1994 no. 10 palazzo dei diamanti, ferrara, italy, rauschenberg , february 29–june 6, 2004 no. 10 tate modern, london, robert rauschenberg , december 1, 2016–april 2, 2017. organized with museum of modern art, new york. traveled to museum of modern art, new york (as robert rauschenberg: among friends ), may 21–september 17, 2017; san francisco museum of modern art (as robert rauschenberg: erasing the rules ), november 18, 2017–march 25, 2018",{"fieldData":4977,"portalData":4985,"recordId":4986,"modId":4987,"bibliographyItems":4988,"exhibitionItems":4999,"searchText":5004},{"pk_ArtworkID":4978,"Unique Impression ID":4979,"Artist":9,"Title":2224,"Display Date":2110,"zc_YearFirst":1062,"Medium":4980,"Dimensions":4981,"zf_WebPublished":15,"Series":2227,"Reg Number Text":4979,"fk_ArtworkSeriesID":2228,"zc_htmlTitle":2229,"Credit Line":2273,"zc_htmlCreditLine":2274,"CR_Inscriptions":15,"zc_htmlCRInscriptions":15,"TItle_Alternative":15,"zc_htmlTitleAlternative":15,"Studio":15,"fk_StudioID":15,"CR_Classification":731,"Public Notes":15,"CR_Provenance":4982,"zc_SortRegNo":788,"zc_SortRegNo2":21,"zc_htmlCRPublicNotes":15,"zc_htmlCRProvenance":4983,"zc_CR_examDate":15,"CR_followup":15,"zf_CR":22,"modificationTimestampAPI":4984,"cr_sequence_number":4003,"Search Year Start":1062,"Search Year Start Circa":22,"Search Year End":1062,"Search Year End Circa":22,"Year":2110,"CR Number":355,"zf_CRpublished":22,"zf_nonextant":15},245,"53.045","Plastic dome, rubber suction cup, wood, fabric, spring, metal part, and needle","Approx. h. 2 3\u002F4 in. (7 cm), diam. 1 3\u002F4 in. (4.4 cm)","Irene Brin and Gaspero del Corso, Rome, March 1953\rArchivio dell’Obelisco, La Centrale dell’Arte, Rome, by 1997\rPrivate collection, Milan, 2007\rPresent whereabouts unknown","\u003Cspan style=\"\" >Irene Brin and Gaspero del Corso, Rome, March 1953\u003Cbr\u002F>Archivio dell’Obelisco, La Centrale dell’Arte, Rome, by 1997\u003Cbr\u002F>Private collection, Milan, 2007\u003Cbr\u002F>Present whereabouts unknown\u003C\u002Fspan>","07\u002F27\u002F2026 11:25:42",{},"148","453",[4989,4991,4993,4995,4997],{"pk":102,"citation":103,"mentions":4990,"year":105,"sort":106},"\u003Cspan style=\"\" >pp. 119, 137 n.p. (fig. 35)\u003C\u002Fspan>",{"pk":3883,"citation":4959,"mentions":4992,"year":1421,"sort":3018},"\u003Cspan style=\"\" >no. 11, n.p. (ill.), as \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"font-style:italic;\" >Scatola Personale\u003C\u002Fspan>",{"pk":374,"citation":375,"mentions":4994,"year":377,"sort":378},"\u003Cspan style=\"\" >no. 42, p. 74 (pl. 42)\u003C\u002Fspan>",{"pk":454,"citation":455,"mentions":4996,"year":187,"sort":188},"\u003Cspan style=\"\" >p. 81 (pl. 43) (not exhibited)\u003C\u002Fspan>",{"pk":4464,"citation":4465,"mentions":4998,"year":152,"sort":153},"\u003Cspan style=\"\" >p. 215\u003C\u002Fspan>",[5000,5001,5002],{"citation":2259,"catalogue":15,"year":1062},{"citation":4972,"catalogue":1574,"year":1421},{"citation":504,"catalogue":5003,"year":129},"no. 42 (shown in New York only)","66 untitled ( scatole e feticci personali ) ca. 1953 plastic dome, rubber suction cup, wood, fabric, spring, metal part, and needle approx. h. 2 3\u002F4 in. (7 cm), diam. 1 3\u002F4 in. (4.4 cm) present whereabouts unknown 53.045 irene brin and gaspero del corso, rome, march 1953 archivio dell’obelisco, la centrale dell’arte, rome, by 1997 private collection, milan, 2007 present whereabouts unknown scatole e feticci personali 1953 1953 feinstein, roni. “random order: the first fifteen years of robert rauschenberg’s art, 1949–1964.” phd diss., new york university, 1990. proquest (303859753) pp. 119, 137 n.p. (fig. 35) boyden, martha . american art in italian private collections . rome: american academy in rome, 1994. exhibition catalogue no. 11, n.p. (ill.), as scatola personale hopps, walter, and susan davidson. robert rauschenberg: a retrospective . new york: solomon r. guggenheim foundation, 1997. exhibition catalogue no. 42, p. 74 (pl. 42) dickerman, leah, and achim borchardt-hume. robert rauschenberg . new york: museum of modern art; london: tate publishing, 2016. exhibition catalogue p. 81 (pl. 43) (not exhibited) caruso, rossella. “robert rauschenberg alla galleria l’obelisco: scatole e feticci personali.” in irene brin, gaspero del corso e la galleria l’obelisco , edited by vittoria caterina caratozzolo, ilaria schiaffini, and claudio zambianchi, pp. 204–15. rome: drago, 2018 p. 215 galleria dell’obelisco, rome, bob rauschenberg: scatole e feticci personali , march 3–10, 1953 american academy in rome, american art in italian private collections , may 27–june 30, 1994 no. 11 solomon r. guggenheim museum, new york, robert rauschenberg: a retrospective , september 19, 1997–january 7, 1998 (also guggenheim museum soho, new york, september 19, 1997–january 4, 1998, and ace gallery, new york, september 19–november 9, 1997). traveled to menil collection, contemporary arts museum houston, and museum of fine arts, houston, february 13–may 17, 1998; museum ludwig, cologne (as robert rauschenberg: retrospektive ), june 27–october 11, 1998; museo guggenheim bilbao (as robert rauschenberg: retrospectiva ), november 21, 1998–march 7, 1999 no. 42 (shown in new york only)",{"fieldData":5006,"portalData":5013,"recordId":5014,"modId":5015,"bibliographyItems":5016,"exhibitionItems":5017,"searchText":5019},{"pk_ArtworkID":5007,"Unique Impression ID":5008,"Artist":9,"Title":3862,"Display Date":2709,"zc_YearFirst":1062,"Medium":5009,"Dimensions":14,"zf_WebPublished":15,"Series":3864,"Reg Number Text":5008,"fk_ArtworkSeriesID":3484,"zc_htmlTitle":3865,"Credit Line":17,"zc_htmlCreditLine":18,"CR_Inscriptions":15,"zc_htmlCRInscriptions":15,"TItle_Alternative":15,"zc_htmlTitleAlternative":15,"Studio":2035,"fk_StudioID":2036,"CR_Classification":731,"Public Notes":15,"CR_Provenance":15,"zc_SortRegNo":788,"zc_SortRegNo2":21,"zc_htmlCRPublicNotes":15,"zc_htmlCRProvenance":15,"zc_CR_examDate":15,"CR_followup":15,"zf_CR":22,"modificationTimestampAPI":5010,"cr_sequence_number":5011,"Search Year Start":1062,"Search Year Start Circa":15,"Search Year End":1062,"Search Year End Circa":15,"Year":2709,"CR Number":5012,"zf_CRpublished":22,"zf_nonextant":22},247,"53.047","Wood, nails, and string (?)","09\u002F28\u002F2026 09:54:45",173,99,{},"150","374",[],[5018],{"citation":1187,"catalogue":15,"year":1062},"99 untitled ( elemental sculpture ) 1953 wood, nails, and string (?) dimensions unknown lost 53.047 elemental sculptures 1953 1953 stable gallery, new york, rauschenberg: paintings and sculpture , september 15–october 3, 1953",{"fieldData":5021,"portalData":5037,"recordId":5038,"modId":5039,"bibliographyItems":5040,"exhibitionItems":5099,"searchText":5111},{"pk_ArtworkID":5022,"Unique Impression ID":5023,"Artist":9,"Title":5024,"Display Date":5025,"zc_YearFirst":49,"Medium":5026,"Dimensions":5027,"zf_WebPublished":22,"Series":15,"Reg Number Text":5023,"fk_ArtworkSeriesID":15,"zc_htmlTitle":5028,"Credit Line":923,"zc_htmlCreditLine":924,"CR_Inscriptions":5029,"zc_htmlCRInscriptions":5030,"TItle_Alternative":15,"zc_htmlTitleAlternative":15,"Studio":1046,"fk_StudioID":1047,"CR_Classification":5031,"Public Notes":15,"CR_Provenance":1223,"zc_SortRegNo":20,"zc_SortRegNo2":5032,"zc_htmlCRPublicNotes":15,"zc_htmlCRProvenance":1224,"zc_CR_examDate":5033,"CR_followup":15,"zf_CR":22,"modificationTimestampAPI":5034,"cr_sequence_number":5035,"Search Year Start":49,"Search Year Start Circa":22,"Search Year End":49,"Search Year End Circa":22,"Year":5025,"CR Number":5036,"zf_CRpublished":22,"zf_nonextant":15},5964,"48.E001","This Is the First Half of a Print Designed to Exist in Passing Time","ca. 1951–52","Fourteen woodcuts and transparent paper with pencil, mounted on paperboard with twine and staples","Overall: 12 × 9 × 3\u002F8 in. (30.6 × 22.9 × 0.8 cm); each sheet: 12 × 9 in. (30.6 × 22.9 cm); each image: 8 1\u002F4 × 8 1\u002F4 in. (21 × 21 cm)","\u003Cspan style=\"font-style:italic;\" >This Is the First Half of a Print Designed to Exist in Passing Time\u003C\u002Fspan>","Inscribed on transparent paper: THIS IS THE FIRST \u002F HALF OF A PRINT \u002F DESIGNED TO EXIST \u002F IN PASSING TIME.","\u003Cspan style=\"\" >Inscribed on transparent paper: \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"font-style:italic;\" >THIS IS THE FIRST\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"\" > \u002F \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"font-style:italic;\" >HALF OF A PRINT\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"\" > \u002F \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"font-style:italic;\" >DESIGNED TO EXIST\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"\" > \u002F \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"font-style:italic;\" >IN PASSING TIME.\u003C\u002Fspan>","Print","E","8\u002F16\u002F2023","10\u002F02\u002F2026 14:48:28",56,37,{},"5872","642",[5041,5044,5047,5052,5054,5056,5058,5060,5061,5062,5064,5066,5067,5071,5072,5074,5076,5078,5080,5082,5084,5086,5088,5092,5093,5095,5097],{"pk":234,"citation":5042,"mentions":5043,"year":321,"sort":1456},"\u003Cspan style=\"font-style:italic;\" >Rauschenberg: Graphic Art\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"\" >. Philadelphia: Institute of Contemporary Art, University of Pennsylvania, 1970. Exhibition catalogue\u003C\u002Fspan>","\u003Cspan style=\"\" >no. 1, p. 10 (ill. [detail])\u003C\u002Fspan>",{"pk":5045,"citation":5046,"mentions":1602,"year":321,"sort":1456},6,"\u003Cspan style=\"font-style:italic;\" >Robert Rauschenberg: Prints 1948\u002F1970\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"\" >. Minneapolis: Minneapolis Institute of Arts, 1970. Exhibition catalogue\u003C\u002Fspan>",{"pk":5048,"citation":5049,"mentions":5050,"year":321,"sort":5051},4571,"\u003Cspan style=\"\" >Steele, Mike. “Rauschenberg: The Artist Is Daring.” \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"font-style:italic;\" >Minneapolis Tribune\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"\" >, August 30, 1970\u003C\u002Fspan>","\u003Cspan style=\"\" >sec. E, p. 6\u003C\u002Fspan>",19700830,{"pk":102,"citation":103,"mentions":5053,"year":105,"sort":106},"\u003Cspan style=\"\" >pp. 77–78, 97, 442, n.p. (fig. 16)\u003C\u002Fspan>",{"pk":36,"citation":37,"mentions":5055,"year":39,"sort":40},"\u003Cspan style=\"\" >pp. 22–23, 34, 35 (pl. 1), 36–37 (pl. 2), 109, 160, 169, 225\u003C\u002Fspan>",{"pk":110,"citation":111,"mentions":5057,"year":113,"sort":114},"\u003Cspan style=\"\" >pp. 45, 127\u003C\u002Fspan>",{"pk":629,"citation":630,"mentions":5059,"year":113,"sort":632},"\u003Cspan style=\"\" >pp. 127–28\u003C\u002Fspan>",{"pk":553,"citation":554,"mentions":555,"year":113,"sort":556},{"pk":3502,"citation":3503,"mentions":3504,"year":113,"sort":3505},{"pk":116,"citation":117,"mentions":5063,"year":119,"sort":120},"\u003Cspan style=\"\" >pp. 81–88 (ill. [detail])\u003C\u002Fspan>",{"pk":374,"citation":375,"mentions":5065,"year":377,"sort":378},"\u003Cspan style=\"\" >no. 1, pp. 44, 45 (pls. 1.1, 1.2), 378\u003C\u002Fspan>",{"pk":384,"citation":385,"mentions":649,"year":377,"sort":387},{"pk":5068,"citation":5069,"mentions":4135,"year":377,"sort":5070},5237,"\u003Cspan style=\"\" >Schwabsky, Barry. “Robert Rauschenberg.” \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"font-style:italic;\" >Artpress\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"\" > (Paris), no. 230 (December 1997)\u003C\u002Fspan>",19971200,{"pk":398,"citation":399,"mentions":4276,"year":401,"sort":402},{"pk":656,"citation":657,"mentions":5073,"year":129,"sort":130},"\u003Cspan style=\"\" >pp. 177–79\u003C\u002Fspan>",{"pk":132,"citation":133,"mentions":5075,"year":135,"sort":136},"\u003Cspan style=\"\" >pp. 57, 58 (ill.), 59 (ill.)\u003C\u002Fspan>",{"pk":418,"citation":419,"mentions":5077,"year":421,"sort":422},"\u003Cspan style=\"\" >p. 261, 261 (ill.) (not exhibited)\u003C\u002Fspan>",{"pk":438,"citation":439,"mentions":5079,"year":441,"sort":442},"\u003Cspan style=\"\" >pp. 46–47, 354 (fig. 5)\u003C\u002Fspan>",{"pk":1510,"citation":1511,"mentions":5081,"year":676,"sort":677},"\u003Cspan style=\"\" >p. 293\u003C\u002Fspan>",{"pk":1161,"citation":1162,"mentions":5083,"year":141,"sort":142},"\u003Cspan style=\"\" >p. 23, 23 (fig. 15)\u003C\u002Fspan>",{"pk":444,"citation":445,"mentions":5085,"year":146,"sort":447},"\u003Cspan style=\"\" >pp. 7, 11 (no. 5)\u003C\u002Fspan>",{"pk":2077,"citation":2078,"mentions":5087,"year":146,"sort":147},"\u003Cspan style=\"\" >(ill.)\u003C\u002Fspan>",{"pk":5089,"citation":5090,"mentions":5091,"year":146,"sort":147},6160,"\u003Cspan style=\"\" >Cullinan, Nicholas. “Cy + Roman Steps (I–V).” Rauschenberg Research Project, San Francisco Museum of Modern Art, July 2013\u003C\u002Fspan>","\u003Cspan style=\"\" >(fig. 4 [detail])\u003C\u002Fspan>",{"pk":144,"citation":145,"mentions":15,"year":146,"sort":147},{"pk":454,"citation":455,"mentions":5094,"year":187,"sort":188},"\u003Cspan style=\"\" >pp. 20–21 (figs. 5–6), 21, 361–62, 367\u003C\u002Fspan>",{"pk":3178,"citation":3179,"mentions":5096,"year":2218,"sort":3181},"\u003Cspan style=\"\" >pp. 36–37 (fig. 7), 38 (fig. 8), 36–38, 41 (fig. 9 [detail])\u003C\u002Fspan>",{"pk":465,"citation":466,"mentions":5098,"year":468,"sort":469},"\u003Cspan style=\"\" >pp. 79, 87 (fig. 3), 135, 140–41, 145, 153, 159, 168, 237–38, 254, 277, 313, 485, 960\u003C\u002Fspan>",[5100,5102,5105,5106,5107,5108,5109],{"citation":5101,"catalogue":485,"year":321},"\u003Cspan style=\"\" >Minneapolis Institute of Arts, \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"font-style:italic;\" >Robert Rauschenberg: Prints 1948\u002F1970\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"\" >, August 6–September 27, 1970\u003C\u002Fspan>",{"citation":5103,"catalogue":5104,"year":321},"\u003Cspan style=\"\" >Institute of Contemporary Art, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"font-style:italic;\" >Robert Rauschenberg: Graphic Art\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"\" >, April 1–May 10, 1970. Traveled to Art Gallery, State University of New York at Albany, July 1–August 13, 1970; Marion Koogler McNay Art Institute, San Antonio, August 30–October 4, 1970; Museum of Contemporary Art Chicago (as \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"font-style:italic;\" >Robert Rauschenberg: Graphics and Sculpture\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"\" >), October 31–December 13, 1970\u003C\u002Fspan>","no. 1 (shown in Philadelphia and Chicago only)",{"citation":501,"catalogue":15,"year":119},{"citation":504,"catalogue":485,"year":129},{"citation":1567,"catalogue":15,"year":942},{"citation":4888,"catalogue":15,"year":1022},{"citation":507,"catalogue":5110,"year":152},"(not shown in New York)","37 this is the first half of a print designed to exist in passing time ca. 1951–52 fourteen woodcuts and transparent paper with pencil, mounted on paperboard with twine and staples overall: 12 × 9 × 3\u002F8 in. (30.6 × 22.9 × 0.8 cm); each sheet: 12 × 9 in. (30.6 × 22.9 cm); each image: 8 1\u002F4 × 8 1\u002F4 in. (21 × 21 cm) robert rauschenberg foundation, new york 48.e001 inscribed on transparent paper: this is the first \u002F half of a print \u002F designed to exist \u002F in passing time. robert rauschenberg foundation, new york, bequest, 2008 1951 1951 rauschenberg: graphic art . philadelphia: institute of contemporary art, university of pennsylvania, 1970. exhibition catalogue no. 1, p. 10 (ill. [detail]) robert rauschenberg: prints 1948\u002F1970 . minneapolis: minneapolis institute of arts, 1970. exhibition catalogue no. 1, n.p. (ill.) steele, mike. “rauschenberg: the artist is daring.” minneapolis tribune , august 30, 1970 sec. e, p. 6 feinstein, roni. “random order: the first fifteen years of robert rauschenberg’s art, 1949–1964.” phd diss., new york university, 1990. proquest (303859753) pp. 77–78, 97, 442, n.p. (fig. 16) hopps, walter. robert rauschenberg: the early 1950s . houston: menil collection; houston fine art press, 1991. exhibition catalogue pp. 22–23, 34, 35 (pl. 1), 36–37 (pl. 2), 109, 160, 169, 225 smith, mark l. “image and word in the prints of robert rauschenberg, 1951–1981.” phd diss., university of texas at austin, 1992. proquest (304034847) pp. 45, 127 colpitt, frances. “rauschenberg: in the beginning.” art in america 80, no. 4 (april 1992) pp. 127–28 bonetti, david. “rauschenberg: ’50s fervor at sfmoma.” san francisco examiner , may 14, 1992 sec. b, p. 6 baker, kenneth. “a ’50s look at robert rauschenberg.” san francisco chronicle , may 15, 1992 sec. d, p. 3 robert rauschenberg. tokyo: kodansha, 1993 pp. 81–88 (ill. [detail]) hopps, walter, and susan davidson. robert rauschenberg: a retrospective . new york: solomon r. guggenheim foundation, 1997. exhibition catalogue no. 1, pp. 44, 45 (pls. 1.1, 1.2), 378 bois, yve-alain. “early lead.” artforum 36, no. 1 (september 1997) p. 97 schwabsky, barry. “robert rauschenberg.” artpress (paris), no. 230 (december 1997) pp. 72–73 doran, anne, and walter hopps. “robert rauschenberg: here comes everybody.” atlántica: revista de las artes (las palmas, spain), no. 21 (1998) p. 155 jäger, joachim.  das zivilisierte bild: robert rauschenberg und seine combine-paintings der jahre 1960–1962 . klagenfurt, austria: ritter, 1999 pp. 177–79 joseph, branden w. random order: robert rauschenberg and the neo-avant-garde . cambridge, mass.: mit press, 2003 pp. 57, 58 (ill.), 59 (ill.) schimmel, paul. robert rauschenberg: combines . los angeles: museum of contemporary art, 2005. exhibition catalogue p. 261, 261 (ill.) (not exhibited) robinson, julia. “from abstraction to model: in the event of george brecht and the conceptual turn in the art of the 1960s.” phd diss., princeton university, n.j., 2008 pp. 46–47, 354 (fig. 5) robinson, julia. the anarchy of silence: john cage and experimental art . barcelona: museu d’art contemporani de barcelona, 2009. exhibition catalogue p. 293 davidson, susan, and david white, eds.  robert rauschenberg: photographs 1949–1962 . new york: d.a.p.\u002Fdistributed art publishers, 2011 p. 23, 23 (fig. 15) craft, catherine.  robert rauschenberg . london: phaidon, 2013 pp. 7, 11 (no. 5) haskell, caitlin. “untitled [glossy black painting].” rauschenberg research project, san francisco museum of modern art, july 2013 (ill.) cullinan, nicholas. “cy + roman steps (i–v).” rauschenberg research project, san francisco museum of modern art, july 2013 (fig. 4 [detail]) davidson, susan. “mother of god.” rauschenberg research project, san francisco museum of modern art, july 2013 dickerman, leah, and achim borchardt-hume. robert rauschenberg . new york: museum of modern art; london: tate publishing, 2016. exhibition catalogue pp. 20–21 (figs. 5–6), 21, 361–62, 367 becker, anne-grit. cy twombly und robert rauschenberg: bilder im prozess . munich: metzel, 2020 pp. 36–37 (fig. 7), 38 (fig. 8), 36–38, 41 (fig. 9 [detail]) stemmrich, gregor. robert rauschenberg’s “erased de kooning drawing” (1953): modernism, literalism, postmodernism . translated by steven lindberg. berlin: hatje cantz, 2023 pp. 79, 87 (fig. 3), 135, 140–41, 145, 153, 159, 168, 237–38, 254, 277, 313, 485, 960 minneapolis institute of arts, robert rauschenberg: prints 1948\u002F1970 , august 6–september 27, 1970 no. 1 institute of contemporary art, university of pennsylvania, philadelphia, robert rauschenberg: graphic art , april 1–may 10, 1970. traveled to art gallery, state university of new york at albany, july 1–august 13, 1970; marion koogler mcnay art institute, san antonio, august 30–october 4, 1970; museum of contemporary art chicago (as robert rauschenberg: graphics and sculpture ), october 31–december 13, 1970 no. 1 (shown in philadelphia and chicago only) corcoran gallery of art, washington, d.c., robert rauschenberg: the early 1950s , june 15–august 11, 1991. organized by menil collection, houston. traveled to menil collection, houston, september 27, 1991–january 5, 1992; museum of contemporary art chicago, february 8–april 19, 1992; san francisco museum of modern art, may 14–august 16, 1992; guggenheim museum soho, new york, october 24, 1992–january 24, 1993 solomon r. guggenheim museum, new york, robert rauschenberg: a retrospective , september 19, 1997–january 7, 1998 (also guggenheim museum soho, new york, september 19, 1997–january 4, 1998, and ace gallery, new york, september 19–november 9, 1997). traveled to menil collection, contemporary arts museum houston, and museum of fine arts, houston, february 13–may 17, 1998; museum ludwig, cologne (as robert rauschenberg: retrospektive ), june 27–october 11, 1998; museo guggenheim bilbao (as robert rauschenberg: retrospectiva ), november 21, 1998–march 7, 1999 no. 1 museu d’art contemporani de barcelona, l’anarquia del silenci: john cage i l’art experimental ( la anarquía del silencio: john cage y el arte experimental\u002Fthe anarchy of silence: john cage and experimental art ), october 23, 2009–january 10, 2010 museum of modern art, new york, there will never be silence: scoring john cage’s 4'33" , october 12, 2013–june 22, 2014 tate modern, london, robert rauschenberg , december 1, 2016–april 2, 2017. organized with museum of modern art, new york. traveled to museum of modern art, new york (as robert rauschenberg: among friends ), may 21–september 17, 2017; san francisco museum of modern art (as robert rauschenberg: erasing the rules ), november 18, 2017–march 25, 2018 (not shown in new york)",{"fieldData":5113,"portalData":5123,"recordId":5124,"modId":594,"bibliographyItems":5125,"exhibitionItems":5271,"searchText":5305},{"pk_ArtworkID":5114,"Unique Impression ID":5115,"Artist":9,"Title":5116,"Display Date":2709,"zc_YearFirst":1062,"Medium":5117,"Dimensions":5118,"zf_WebPublished":22,"Series":15,"Reg Number Text":5115,"fk_ArtworkSeriesID":15,"zc_htmlTitle":5119,"Credit Line":5120,"zc_htmlCreditLine":5121,"CR_Inscriptions":15,"zc_htmlCRInscriptions":15,"TItle_Alternative":15,"zc_htmlTitleAlternative":15,"Studio":2035,"fk_StudioID":2036,"CR_Classification":5031,"Public Notes":15,"CR_Provenance":1441,"zc_SortRegNo":788,"zc_SortRegNo2":5032,"zc_htmlCRPublicNotes":15,"zc_htmlCRProvenance":1442,"zc_CR_examDate":1443,"CR_followup":15,"zf_CR":22,"modificationTimestampAPI":5122,"cr_sequence_number":2458,"Search Year Start":1062,"Search Year Start Circa":15,"Search Year End":1062,"Search Year End Circa":15,"Year":2709,"CR Number":406,"zf_CRpublished":22,"zf_nonextant":15},6006,"53.E001","Automobile Tire Print","Monoprint on twenty sheets, mounted on fabric","Overall: 1 ft. 4 1\u002F2 in. × 23 ft. 10 in. (41.9 cm × 7.3 m); image: 1 ft. 4 1\u002F2 in. × 21 ft. 11 7\u002F8 in. (41.9 cm × 6.7 m)","\u003Cspan style=\"font-style:italic;\" >Automobile Tire Print\u003C\u002Fspan>","San Francisco Museum of Modern Art, Purchase through a gift of Phyllis C. Wattis (98.296)","\u003Cspan style=\"\" >San Francisco Museum of Modern Art, Purchase through a gift of Phyllis C. Wattis (98.296)\u003C\u002Fspan>","10\u002F02\u002F2026 14:48:56",{},"5914",[5126,5128,5129,5134,5136,5138,5143,5145,5146,5148,5150,5152,5154,5158,5159,5160,5162,5164,5165,5167,5168,5169,5171,5173,5174,5178,5180,5181,5186,5191,5193,5197,5199,5200,5201,5203,5205,5207,5208,5212,5214,5216,5218,5222,5224,5226,5227,5229,5231,5233,5235,5237,5241,5245,5247,5249,5251,5253,5254,5257,5259,5260,5262,5263,5265,5267,5269],{"pk":3290,"citation":3291,"mentions":5127,"year":1072,"sort":1073},"\u003Cspan style=\"\" >p. 98\u003C\u002Fspan>",{"pk":1069,"citation":1070,"mentions":1334,"year":1072,"sort":1073},{"pk":5130,"citation":5131,"mentions":5132,"year":1088,"sort":5133},4370,"\u003Cspan style=\"\" >Seckler, Dorothy Gees. “The Artist Speaks: Robert Rauschenberg.” \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"font-style:italic;\" >Art in America \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"\" >54, no. 3 (May–June 1966)\u003C\u002Fspan>","\u003Cspan style=\"\" >p. 81\u003C\u002Fspan>",19660500,{"pk":234,"citation":5042,"mentions":5135,"year":321,"sort":1456},"\u003Cspan style=\"\" >no. 3, pp. 5, 11 (ill.)\u003C\u002Fspan>",{"pk":5045,"citation":5046,"mentions":5137,"year":321,"sort":1456},"\u003Cspan style=\"\" >no. 3, n.p. (ill.)\u003C\u002Fspan>",{"pk":5139,"citation":5140,"mentions":5141,"year":321,"sort":5142},4563,"\u003Cspan style=\"\" >Wells, Daniel M. “A Link Between Art and Life.” \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"font-style:italic;\" >Chicago Tribune\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"\" >, November 8, 1970\u003C\u002Fspan>","\u003Cspan style=\"\" >sec. 5, p. 13\u003C\u002Fspan>",19701108,{"pk":70,"citation":71,"mentions":5144,"year":73,"sort":74},"\u003Cspan style=\"\" >no. 4, pp. 31, 65 (ill.)\u003C\u002Fspan>",{"pk":1465,"citation":1466,"mentions":1467,"year":844,"sort":1468},{"pk":20,"citation":82,"mentions":5147,"year":33,"sort":34},"\u003Cspan style=\"\" >no. 73, pp. 58, 59 (ill.)\u003C\u002Fspan>",{"pk":30,"citation":31,"mentions":5149,"year":33,"sort":34},"\u003Cspan style=\"\" >pp. 65–66\u003C\u002Fspan>",{"pk":1473,"citation":1474,"mentions":5151,"year":33,"sort":1476},"\u003Cspan style=\"\" >no. 48, pp. 45 (ill. [detail]), 46\u003C\u002Fspan>",{"pk":341,"citation":342,"mentions":5153,"year":344,"sort":345},"\u003Cspan style=\"\" >no. 3, n.p.\u003C\u002Fspan>",{"pk":5155,"citation":5156,"mentions":5157,"year":350,"sort":351},6162,"\u003Cspan style=\"\" >Silk, Gerald. \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"font-style:italic;\" >Automobile and Culture\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"\" >. New York: Harry N. Abrams; Los Angeles: Museum of Contemporary Art, 1984. Exhibition catalogue\u003C\u002Fspan>","\u003Cspan style=\"\" >p. 130, 130 (ill.)\u003C\u002Fspan>",{"pk":355,"citation":356,"mentions":1124,"year":99,"sort":358},{"pk":96,"citation":97,"mentions":653,"year":99,"sort":100},{"pk":102,"citation":103,"mentions":5161,"year":105,"sort":106},"\u003Cspan style=\"\" >pp. 45–46, 76–77, 97, 281, 331, 488, n.p. (fig. 15)\u003C\u002Fspan>",{"pk":36,"citation":37,"mentions":5163,"year":39,"sort":40},"\u003Cspan style=\"\" >pp. 23, 160–61, 198–99 (pl. 125 [detail]), 200 (pl. 126), 227\u003C\u002Fspan>",{"pk":3490,"citation":3491,"mentions":2287,"year":39,"sort":551},{"pk":110,"citation":111,"mentions":5166,"year":113,"sort":114},"\u003Cspan style=\"\" >pp. 50, 183, 433 (fig. 80)\u003C\u002Fspan>",{"pk":553,"citation":554,"mentions":555,"year":113,"sort":556},{"pk":3512,"citation":3513,"mentions":3514,"year":113,"sort":3515},{"pk":368,"citation":369,"mentions":5170,"year":119,"sort":120},"\u003Cspan style=\"\" >pp. 24 (fig. 1 [detail]), 25, 31 (not exhibited)\u003C\u002Fspan>",{"pk":116,"citation":117,"mentions":5172,"year":119,"sort":120},"\u003Cspan style=\"\" >n.p. (pl. 2), p. 93\u003C\u002Fspan>",{"pk":122,"citation":123,"mentions":67,"year":119,"sort":120},{"pk":5175,"citation":5176,"mentions":5177,"year":644,"sort":1616},6618,"\u003Cspan style=\"\" >Retallack, Joan, ed. \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"font-style:italic;\" >Musicage: Cage Muses on Words, Art, Music\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"\" >. [Middletown, Conn.]: Wesleyan University Press; Hanover, N.H.: University Press of New England, 1996\u003C\u002Fspan>","\u003Cspan style=\"\" >pp. 121–22, 123 (ill.)\u003C\u002Fspan>",{"pk":374,"citation":375,"mentions":5179,"year":377,"sort":378},"\u003Cspan style=\"\" >no. 62, pp. 44, 90–91 (pl. 62 [detail]), 208, 227, 229, 378–79, 378–79 (fig. 108)\u003C\u002Fspan>",{"pk":384,"citation":385,"mentions":649,"year":377,"sort":387},{"pk":5182,"citation":5183,"mentions":5184,"year":377,"sort":5185},5197,"\u003Cspan style=\"\" >Kimmelman, Michael. “Clowning Inventively with Stuff of Beauty.” \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"font-style:italic;\" >New York Times\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"\" >, September 19, 1997\u003C\u002Fspan>","\u003Cspan style=\"\" >sec. E, p. 36\u003C\u002Fspan>",19970919,{"pk":5187,"citation":5188,"mentions":5189,"year":377,"sort":5190},5203,"\u003Cspan style=\"\" >Budick, Ariella. “All the City’s His Museum.” \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"font-style:italic;\" >Newsday\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"\" > (Long Island, N.Y.),\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"font-style:italic;\" > \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"\" >September 28, 1997\u003C\u002Fspan>","\u003Cspan style=\"\" >sec. D, p. 25\u003C\u002Fspan>",19970928,{"pk":3536,"citation":3537,"mentions":5192,"year":377,"sort":3539},"\u003Cspan style=\"\" >p. 56\u003C\u002Fspan>",{"pk":5194,"citation":5195,"mentions":5196,"year":401,"sort":402},290,"\u003Cspan style=\"\" >Schimmel, Paul. \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"font-style:italic;\" >Out of Actions: Between Performance and the Object, 1949–1979\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"\" >. Los Angeles: Museum of Contemporary Art; New York: Thames and Hudson, 1998. Exhibition catalogue\u003C\u002Fspan>","\u003Cspan style=\"\" >pp. 44, 44 (ill.), 46, 387\u003C\u002Fspan>",{"pk":398,"citation":399,"mentions":5198,"year":401,"sort":402},"\u003Cspan style=\"\" >pp. 155–56, 156 (ill.)\u003C\u002Fspan>",{"pk":651,"citation":652,"mentions":3343,"year":401,"sort":654},{"pk":3559,"citation":3560,"mentions":3321,"year":401,"sort":3562},{"pk":126,"citation":127,"mentions":5202,"year":129,"sort":130},"\u003Cspan style=\"\" >pp. 14–15 (no. 6), 69–70, 113, 115\u003C\u002Fspan>",{"pk":656,"citation":657,"mentions":5204,"year":129,"sort":130},"\u003Cspan style=\"\" >pp. 80, 189 (no. 63), 189–90\u003C\u002Fspan>",{"pk":3564,"citation":3565,"mentions":5206,"year":129,"sort":130},"\u003Cspan style=\"\" >p. 86, 86 (fig. 123 [detail]) (not exhibited)\u003C\u002Fspan>",{"pk":3571,"citation":3572,"mentions":3573,"year":129,"sort":3574},{"pk":5209,"citation":5210,"mentions":5211,"year":409,"sort":410},6139,"\u003Cspan style=\"font-style:italic;\" >Quotidiana: Immagini della vita di ogni giorno nell’arte del XX secolo\u002FThe Continuity of the Everyday in 20th Century Art\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"\" >. Milan: Charta, 2000. Exhibition catalogue\u003C\u002Fspan>","\u003Cspan style=\"\" >pp. 202, 202–3 (ill.)\u003C\u002Fspan>",{"pk":412,"citation":413,"mentions":5213,"year":415,"sort":416},"\u003Cspan style=\"\" >pp. 53, 54 (ill.), 95, 127\u003C\u002Fspan>",{"pk":667,"citation":668,"mentions":5215,"year":135,"sort":136},"\u003Cspan style=\"\" >pp. 26, 46, 56 (fig. 19 [detail]), 56–57, 75\u003C\u002Fspan>",{"pk":132,"citation":133,"mentions":5217,"year":135,"sort":136},"\u003Cspan style=\"\" >pp. 89, 90 (ill. [detail]), 91\u003C\u002Fspan>",{"pk":5219,"citation":5220,"mentions":5221,"year":135,"sort":136},295,"\u003Cspan style=\"\" >George, Adrian, ed. \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"font-style:italic;\" >Art, Lies and Videotape: Exposing Performance\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"\" >. London: Tate Publishing, 2003. Exhibition catalogue\u003C\u002Fspan>","\u003Cspan style=\"\" >pp. 22 (fig. 12 [detail]), 95\u003C\u002Fspan>",{"pk":3594,"citation":3595,"mentions":5223,"year":1150,"sort":1151},"\u003Cspan style=\"\" >cover (ill. [detail]), pp. 20, 213, 214–15 (no. 6-01), 321\u003C\u002Fspan>",{"pk":1147,"citation":1148,"mentions":5225,"year":1150,"sort":1151},"\u003Cspan style=\"\" >pp. 30, 45 (not exhibited)\u003C\u002Fspan>",{"pk":424,"citation":425,"mentions":599,"year":421,"sort":422},{"pk":428,"citation":429,"mentions":5228,"year":431,"sort":432},"\u003Cspan style=\"\" >pp. 20–21 (ill.), 62, 96, 156\u003C\u002Fspan>",{"pk":434,"citation":435,"mentions":5230,"year":431,"sort":432},"\u003Cspan style=\"\" >pp. 180, 181 (fig. 33 [detail])\u003C\u002Fspan>",{"pk":1510,"citation":1511,"mentions":5232,"year":676,"sort":677},"\u003Cspan style=\"\" >pp. 186–87 (ill.), 293\u003C\u002Fspan>",{"pk":673,"citation":674,"mentions":5234,"year":676,"sort":677},"\u003Cspan style=\"\" >pp. 147, 148 (pl. 111 [detail]) (not exhibited)\u003C\u002Fspan>",{"pk":1514,"citation":1515,"mentions":5236,"year":676,"sort":677},"\u003Cspan style=\"\" >pp. 38 (fig. 16 [detail]), 39\u003C\u002Fspan>",{"pk":5238,"citation":5239,"mentions":5240,"year":676,"sort":677},450,"\u003Cspan style=\"\" >Munroe, Alexandra, ed. \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"font-style:italic;\" >The Third Mind: American Artists Contemplate Asia, 1860–1989\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"\" >. New York: Solomon R. Guggenheim Foundation, 2009. Exhibition catalogue\u003C\u002Fspan>","\u003Cspan style=\"\" >pp. 205, 220–21 (pl. 80)\u003C\u002Fspan>",{"pk":5242,"citation":5243,"mentions":5244,"year":942,"sort":943},2849,"\u003Cspan style=\"\" >Butler, Connie, and Catherine de Zegher. \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"font-style:italic;\" >On Line: Drawing Through the Twentieth Century\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"\" >. New York: Museum of Modern Art, 2010. Exhibition catalogue\u003C\u002Fspan>","\u003Cspan style=\"\" >pp. 62–63 (pl. 59), 63, 223\u003C\u002Fspan>",{"pk":1161,"citation":1162,"mentions":5246,"year":141,"sort":142},"\u003Cspan style=\"\" >pp. 23, 24–25 (fig. 16), 32\u003C\u002Fspan>",{"pk":1385,"citation":1386,"mentions":5248,"year":1176,"sort":1388},"\u003Cspan style=\"\" >pp. 207, 388–89 (ill.)\u003C\u002Fspan>",{"pk":444,"citation":445,"mentions":5250,"year":146,"sort":447},"\u003Cspan style=\"\" >pp. 27, 34–35 (no. 27), 75\u003C\u002Fspan>",{"pk":3657,"citation":3658,"mentions":5252,"year":146,"sort":147},"\u003Cspan style=\"\" >(figs. 1, 3, 4 [detail])\u003C\u002Fspan>",{"pk":3661,"citation":3662,"mentions":15,"year":146,"sort":147},{"pk":5255,"citation":5256,"mentions":15,"year":146,"sort":147},6179,"\u003Cspan style=\"\" >Saletnik, Jeffrey. “Trophy IV (for John Cage).” Rauschenberg Research Project, San Francisco Museum of Modern Art, July 2013\u003C\u002Fspan>",{"pk":1019,"citation":1020,"mentions":5258,"year":1022,"sort":1023},"\u003Cspan style=\"\" >p. 44, 44 (fig. 30)\u003C\u002Fspan>",{"pk":3667,"citation":3668,"mentions":1078,"year":561,"sort":562},{"pk":454,"citation":455,"mentions":5261,"year":187,"sort":188},"\u003Cspan style=\"\" >pp. 19, 93–94, 100–101 (pl. 58 [detail]), 217, 239, 269, 287–88, 362, 367, 397\u003C\u002Fspan>",{"pk":1025,"citation":1026,"mentions":3675,"year":573,"sort":1028},{"pk":149,"citation":150,"mentions":5264,"year":152,"sort":153},"\u003Cspan style=\"\" >pp. 33, 72–74, 72–73 (ill.), 207, 298–99\u003C\u002Fspan>",{"pk":3178,"citation":3179,"mentions":5266,"year":2218,"sort":3181},"\u003Cspan style=\"\" >pp. 185–89, 186–87 (fig. 74 [detail]), 188 (fig. 75 [install]), 189 (fig. 76 [detail]), 258\u003C\u002Fspan>",{"pk":465,"citation":466,"mentions":5268,"year":468,"sort":469},"\u003Cspan style=\"\" >pp. 99 (fig. 19 [detail]), 152–53, 513–14, 725\u003C\u002Fspan>",{"pk":471,"citation":472,"mentions":5270,"year":474,"sort":475},"\u003Cspan style=\"\" >pp. 35, 213, 214 (fig. 13 [detail]) (not exhibited)\u003C\u002Fspan>",[5272,5273,5275,5276,5277,5279,5281,5282,5283,5284,5285,5286,5288,5290,5292,5293,5294,5296,5298,5300,5301,5303,5304],{"citation":5101,"catalogue":1420,"year":321},{"citation":5103,"catalogue":5274,"year":321},"no. 3 (shown in Philadelphia and Chicago only)",{"citation":493,"catalogue":956,"year":79},{"citation":3711,"catalogue":566,"year":3427},{"citation":496,"catalogue":5278,"year":344},"no. 73",{"citation":5280,"catalogue":15,"year":88},"\u003Cspan style=\"\" >Temporary Contemporary, Museum of Contemporary Art, Los Angeles, \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"font-style:italic;\" >Automobile and Culture\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"\" >, July 21, 1984–January 6, 1985. Traveled to Detroit Institute of Arts (as \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"font-style:italic;\" >Automobile and Culture: Detroit Style\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"\" >), June 12–September 8, 1985\u003C\u002Fspan>",{"citation":499,"catalogue":15,"year":99},{"citation":1199,"catalogue":15,"year":99},{"citation":501,"catalogue":15,"year":119},{"citation":1301,"catalogue":3730,"year":639},{"citation":3734,"catalogue":3735,"year":644},{"citation":504,"catalogue":5287,"year":129},"no. 62 (shown in New York only)",{"citation":5289,"catalogue":15,"year":129},"\u003Cspan style=\"\" >Museum of Contemporary Art, Los Angeles, \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"font-style:italic;\" >Out of Actions: Between Performance and the Object, 1949–1979\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"\" >, February 8–May 10, 1998. Traveled to MAK–Österreichisches Museum für Angewandte Kunst, Vienna (as \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"font-style:italic;\" >Out of Actions: Aktionismus, Body Art and Performance, 1949–1979\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"\" >), June 17–September 6, 1998; Museu d’Art Contemporani de Barcelona (as \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"font-style:italic;\" >Art i acció: Entre la performance i l’objecte, 1949–1979\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"\" >), October 16, 1998–January 6, 1999; Museum of Contemporary Art, Tokyo, February 11–April 11, 1999\u003C\u002Fspan>",{"citation":5291,"catalogue":15,"year":409},"\u003Cspan style=\"\" >Castello di Rivoli Museo d’Arte Contemporanea, Turin, Italy, \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"font-style:italic;\" >Quotidiana: Immagini della vita di ogni giorno nell’arte del XX secolo \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"\" >(\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"font-style:italic;\" >Quotidiana: The Continuity of the Everyday in 20th Century Art\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"\" >), February 5–May 21, 2000\u003C\u002Fspan>",{"citation":1562,"catalogue":15,"year":415},{"citation":709,"catalogue":15,"year":135},{"citation":5295,"catalogue":15,"year":1150},"\u003Cspan style=\"\" >Tate Liverpool, \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"font-style:italic;\" >Art, Lies and Videotape: Exposing Performance\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"\" >, November 14, 2003–January 25, 2004\u003C\u002Fspan>",{"citation":5297,"catalogue":15,"year":421},"\u003Cspan style=\"\" >National Museum of Modern Art, Kyoto, \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"font-style:italic;\" >Traces: Body and Idea in Contemporary Art\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"\" >, November 9–December 19, 2004. Traveled to National Museum of Modern Art, Tokyo, January 12–February 27, 2005\u003C\u002Fspan>",{"citation":5299,"catalogue":15,"year":676},"\u003Cspan style=\"\" >Solomon R. Guggenheim Museum, New York, \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"font-style:italic;\" >The Third Mind: American Artists Contemplate Asia, 1860–1989\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"\" >, January 30–April 19, 2009\u003C\u002Fspan>",{"citation":1567,"catalogue":15,"year":942},{"citation":5302,"catalogue":15,"year":141},"\u003Cspan style=\"\" >Museum of Modern Art, New York, \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"font-style:italic;\" >On Line: Drawing Through the Twentieth Century\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"\" >, November 21, 2010–February 7, 2011\u003C\u002Fspan>",{"citation":1427,"catalogue":15,"year":146},{"citation":507,"catalogue":15,"year":152},"104 automobile tire print 1953 monoprint on twenty sheets, mounted on fabric overall: 1 ft. 4 1\u002F2 in. × 23 ft. 10 in. (41.9 cm × 7.3 m); image: 1 ft. 4 1\u002F2 in. × 21 ft. 11 7\u002F8 in. (41.9 cm × 6.7 m) san francisco museum of modern art, purchase through a gift of phyllis c. wattis (98.296) 53.e001 san francisco museum of modern art, purchase, 1998 (via pacewildenstein, new york) 1953 1953 cage, john. “on robert rauschenberg, artist, and his work.” in silence: lectures and writings by john cage , pp. 98–108. middletown, conn.: wesleyan university press, 1961 p. 98 cage, john. “on robert rauschenberg, artist, and his work.” metro (milan), no. 2 (1961) p. 37 seckler, dorothy gees. “the artist speaks: robert rauschenberg.” art in america 54, no. 3 (may–june 1966) p. 81 rauschenberg: graphic art . philadelphia: institute of contemporary art, university of pennsylvania, 1970. exhibition catalogue no. 3, pp. 5, 11 (ill.) robert rauschenberg: prints 1948\u002F1970 . minneapolis: minneapolis institute of arts, 1970. exhibition catalogue no. 3, n.p. (ill.) wells, daniel m. “a link between art and life.” chicago tribune , november 8, 1970 sec. 5, p. 13 robert rauschenberg . washington, d.c.: national collection of fine arts, smithsonian institution, 1976. exhibition catalogue no. 4, pp. 31, 65 (ill.) stuckey, charles f. “reading rauschenberg.” art in america 65, no. 2 (march–april 1977) p. 79 robert rauschenberg: werke 1950–1980 . berlin: staatliche kunsthalle berlin, 1980. exhibition catalogue no. 73, pp. 58, 59 (ill.) tomkins, calvin.  off the wall: robert rauschenberg and the art world of our time . garden city, n.y.: doubleday, 1980 pp. 65–66 “robert rauschenberg.” special issue, louisiana revy (humlebæk, denmark) 21, no. 1 (september 1980) no. 48, pp. 45 (ill. [detail]), 46 robert rauschenberg . london: tate gallery, 1981. exhibition brochure no. 3, n.p. silk, gerald. automobile and culture . new york: harry n. abrams; los angeles: museum of contemporary art, 1984. exhibition catalogue p. 130, 130 (ill.) rauschenberg: the white and black paintings 1949–1952 . new york: larry gagosian gallery, 1986. exhibition catalogue n.p. feinstein, roni. “the early work of robert rauschenberg: the white paintings, the black paintings, and the elemental sculptures.” arts magazine (new york) 61, no. 1 (september 1986) pp. 30–31 feinstein, roni. “random order: the first fifteen years of robert rauschenberg’s art, 1949–1964.” phd diss., new york university, 1990. proquest (303859753) pp. 45–46, 76–77, 97, 281, 331, 488, n.p. (fig. 15) hopps, walter. robert rauschenberg: the early 1950s . houston: menil collection; houston fine art press, 1991. exhibition catalogue pp. 23, 160–61, 198–99 (pl. 125 [detail]), 200 (pl. 126), 227 wood, carol. “robert rauschenberg.” arts magazine (new york) 66, no. 3 (november 1991) p. 84 smith, mark l. “image and word in the prints of robert rauschenberg, 1951–1981.” phd diss., university of texas at austin, 1992. proquest (304034847) pp. 50, 183, 433 (fig. 80) bonetti, david. “rauschenberg: ’50s fervor at sfmoma.” san francisco examiner , may 14, 1992 sec. b, p. 6 tarshis, jerome. “creativity knew no limits.” christian science monitor , september 14, 1992 p. 16 robert rauschenberg: the 2nd hiroshima art prize . hiroshima: hiroshima city museum of contemporary art, 1993. exhibition catalogue pp. 24 (fig. 1 [detail]), 25, 31 (not exhibited) robert rauschenberg. tokyo: kodansha, 1993 n.p. (pl. 2), p. 93 wainwright, lisa. “reading junk: thematic imagery in the art of robert rauschenberg from 1952 to 1964.” phd diss., university of illinois, urbana-champaign, 1993. proquest (304050074) p. 18 retallack, joan, ed. musicage: cage muses on words, art, music . [middletown, conn.]: wesleyan university press; hanover, n.h.: university press of new england, 1996 pp. 121–22, 123 (ill.) hopps, walter, and susan davidson. robert rauschenberg: a retrospective . new york: solomon r. guggenheim foundation, 1997. exhibition catalogue no. 62, pp. 44, 90–91 (pl. 62 [detail]), 208, 227, 229, 378–79, 378–79 (fig. 108) bois, yve-alain. “early lead.” artforum 36, no. 1 (september 1997) p. 97 kimmelman, michael. “clowning inventively with stuff of beauty.” new york times , september 19, 1997 sec. e, p. 36 budick, ariella. “all the city’s his museum.” newsday (long island, n.y.), september 28, 1997 sec. d, p. 25 stevens, mark. “more is more.” new york 30, no. 37 (september 29, 1997) p. 56 schimmel, paul. out of actions: between performance and the object, 1949–1979 . los angeles: museum of contemporary art; new york: thames and hudson, 1998. exhibition catalogue pp. 44, 44 (ill.), 46, 387 doran, anne, and walter hopps. “robert rauschenberg: here comes everybody.” atlántica: revista de las artes (las palmas, spain), no. 21 (1998) pp. 155–56, 156 (ill.) wainwright, lisa. “rauschenberg’s american voodoo.” new art examiner 25, no. 8 (may 1998) p. 30 baker, kenneth. “rauschenberg’s reality.” san francisco chronicle , august 20, 1998 sec. e, p. 4 hunter, sam. robert rauschenberg . new york: rizzoli, 1999 pp. 14–15 (no. 6), 69–70, 113, 115 jäger, joachim.  das zivilisierte bild: robert rauschenberg und seine combine-paintings der jahre 1960–1962 . klagenfurt, austria: ritter, 1999 pp. 80, 189 (no. 63), 189–90 phillips, lisa. the american century: art and culture, 1950–2000 . new york: whitney museum of american art; w. w. norton, 1999. exhibition catalogue p. 86, 86 (fig. 123 [detail]) (not exhibited) bonetti, david. “rauschenberg coup cements sfmoma’s ascendance.” san francisco examiner , may 21, 1999 sec. c, p. 4 quotidiana: immagini della vita di ogni giorno nell’arte del xx secolo\u002Fthe continuity of the everyday in 20th century art . milan: charta, 2000. exhibition catalogue pp. 202, 202–3 (ill.) joseph, branden w., ed.  robert rauschenberg .   cambridge, mass.: mit press, 2002 pp. 53, 54 (ill.), 95, 127 mattison, robert s.  robert rauschenberg: breaking boundaries . new haven, conn.: yale university press, 2003 pp. 26, 46, 56 (fig. 19 [detail]), 56–57, 75 joseph, branden w. random order: robert rauschenberg and the neo-avant-garde . cambridge, mass.: mit press, 2003 pp. 89, 90 (ill. [detail]), 91 george, adrian, ed. art, lies and videotape: exposing performance . london: tate publishing, 2003. exhibition catalogue pp. 22 (fig. 12 [detail]), 95 osaki, shinichiro, ed. traces: body and idea in contemporary art . kyoto: national museum of modern art, 2004. exhibition catalogue cover (ill. [detail]), pp. 20, 213, 214–15 (no. 6-01), 321 davidson, susan, and david white. rauschenberg . ferrara, italy: ferrara arte, 2004. exhibition catalogue pp. 30, 45 (not exhibited) tomkins, calvin. off the wall: a portrait of robert rauschenberg . new york: picador, 2005 p. 59 hunter, sam. robert rauschenberg: works, writings and interviews . barcelona: polígrafa, 2006 pp. 20–21 (ill.), 62, 96, 156 pissarro, joachim.  cézanne\u002Fpissarro, johns\u002Frauschenberg: comparative studies on intersubjectivity in modern art . new york: cambridge university press, 2006 pp. 180, 181 (fig. 33 [detail]) robinson, julia. the anarchy of silence: john cage and experimental art . barcelona: museu d’art contemporani de barcelona, 2009. exhibition catalogue pp. 186–87 (ill.), 293 bishop, janet, corey keller, and sarah roberts, eds. san francisco museum of modern art: 75 years of looking forward . san francisco: san francisco museum of modern art, 2009. exhibition catalogue pp. 147, 148 (pl. 111 [detail]) (not exhibited) lanchner, carolyn. robert rauschenberg . new york: museum of modern art, 2009 pp. 38 (fig. 16 [detail]), 39 munroe, alexandra, ed. the third mind: american artists contemplate asia, 1860–1989 . new york: solomon r. guggenheim foundation, 2009. exhibition catalogue pp. 205, 220–21 (pl. 80) butler, connie, and catherine de zegher. on line: drawing through the twentieth century . new york: museum of modern art, 2010. exhibition catalogue pp. 62–63 (pl. 59), 63, 223 davidson, susan, and david white, eds.  robert rauschenberg: photographs 1949–1962 . new york: d.a.p.\u002Fdistributed art publishers, 2011 pp. 23, 24–25 (fig. 16), 32 basualdo, carlos, and erica f. battle, eds. dancing around the bride: cage, cunningham, johns, rauschenberg, and duchamp . philadelphia: philadelphia museum of art, 2012. exhibition catalogue pp. 207, 388–89 (ill.) craft, catherine.  robert rauschenberg . london: phaidon, 2013 pp. 27, 34–35 (no. 27), 75 roberts, sarah. “automobile tire print.” rauschenberg research project, san francisco museum of modern art, july 2013 (figs. 1, 3, 4 [detail]) roberts, sarah. “erased de kooning drawing.” rauschenberg research project, san francisco museum of modern art, july 2013 saletnik, jeffrey. “trophy iv (for john cage).” rauschenberg research project, san francisco museum of modern art, july 2013 crow, thomas.  the long march of pop: art, music, and design, 1930–1995 . new haven, conn.: yale university press, 2014 p. 44, 44 (fig. 30) cotkin, george. “erasure and addition: robert rauschenberg 1953.” in feast of excess: a cultural history of the new sensibility , by george cotkin, pp. 37–47. new york: oxford university press, 2015 p. 39 dickerman, leah, and achim borchardt-hume. robert rauschenberg . new york: museum of modern art; london: tate publishing, 2016. exhibition catalogue pp. 19, 93–94, 100–101 (pl. 58 [detail]), 217, 239, 269, 287–88, 362, 367, 397 hopps, walter. “robert rauschenberg.” in the dream colony: a life in art , by walter hopps pp. 237–55. new york: bloomsbury, 2017 p. 245 kotz, mary lynn. rauschenberg: art and life . 3rd ed. new york: harry n. abrams, 2018 pp. 33, 72–74, 72–73 (ill.), 207, 298–99 becker, anne-grit. cy twombly und robert rauschenberg: bilder im prozess . munich: metzel, 2020 pp. 185–89, 186–87 (fig. 74 [detail]), 188 (fig. 75 [install]), 189 (fig. 76 [detail]), 258 stemmrich, gregor. robert rauschenberg’s “erased de kooning drawing” (1953): modernism, literalism, postmodernism . translated by steven lindberg. berlin: hatje cantz, 2023 pp. 99 (fig. 19 [detail]), 152–53, 513–14, 725 dziewior, yilmaz, and achim hochdörfer, with arthur fink, eds. five friends: john cage, merce cunningham, jasper johns, robert rauschenberg, cy twombly. munich: museum brandhorst; cologne: museum ludwig, 2025. exhibition catalogue pp. 35, 213, 214 (fig. 13 [detail]) (not exhibited) minneapolis institute of arts, robert rauschenberg: prints 1948\u002F1970 , august 6–september 27, 1970 no. 3 institute of contemporary art, university of pennsylvania, philadelphia, robert rauschenberg: graphic art , april 1–may 10, 1970. traveled to art gallery, state university of new york at albany, july 1–august 13, 1970; marion koogler mcnay art institute, san antonio, august 30–october 4, 1970; museum of contemporary art chicago (as robert rauschenberg: graphics and sculpture ), october 31–december 13, 1970 no. 3 (shown in philadelphia and chicago only) national collection of fine arts, smithsonian institution, washington, d.c., robert rauschenberg , october 30, 1976–january 2, 1977. traveled to museum of modern art, new york, march 25–may 17, 1977; san francisco museum of modern art, june 24–august 21, 1977; albright-knox art gallery, buffalo, n.y., september 25–october 30, 1977; art institute of chicago, december 3, 1977–january 15, 1978 no. 4 kunsthalle tübingen, germany, robert rauschenberg: das zeichnerische werk, 1949–1979 , may 5–july 29, 1979. traveled to kunstmuseum hannover mit sammlung sprengel, germany, august 19–september 23, 1979 (not in cat.) staatliche kunsthalle berlin, robert rauschenberg: werke 1950–1980 , march 25–may 4, 1980. traveled to städtische kunsthalle düsseldorf and kunstverein für die rheinlande und westfalen, düsseldorf (as robert rauschenberg ), june 7–july 13, 1980; louisiana museum of modern art, humlebæk, denmark (as robert rauschenberg ), september 20–november 23, 1980; städelsches kunstinstitut und städtische galerie, frankfurt, december 4, 1980–january 18, 1981; städtische galerie im lenbachhaus, munich, february 4–april 5, 1981; tate gallery, london (as robert rauschenberg ), april 29–june 14, 1981 no. 73 temporary contemporary, museum of contemporary art, los angeles, automobile and culture , july 21, 1984–january 6, 1985. traveled to detroit institute of arts (as automobile and culture: detroit style ), june 12–september 8, 1985 larry gagosian gallery, new york, rauschenberg: the white and black paintings 1949–1952 , april 18–may 31, 1986 national gallery of art, washington, d.c., seven american masters , july 4–november 15, 1986 corcoran gallery of art, washington, d.c., robert rauschenberg: the early 1950s , june 15–august 11, 1991. organized by menil collection, houston. traveled to menil collection, houston, september 27, 1991–january 5, 1992; museum of contemporary art chicago, february 8–april 19, 1992; san francisco museum of modern art, may 14–august 16, 1992; guggenheim museum soho, new york, october 24, 1992–january 24, 1993 museum of contemporary art, los angeles, rolywholyover: a circus, september 12–november 28, 1993. traveled to menil collection, houston, january 14–april 2, 1994; guggenheim museum soho, new york, april 23–july 31, 1994; art tower mito, japan, november 3, 1994–february 26, 1995; philadelphia museum of art, june 4–july 30, 1995 (not in cat.; not shown in mito or philadelphia) walker art center, minneapolis, duchamp’s leg , november 5, 1994–march 26, 1995. traveled to center for the fine arts, miami, december 2, 1995–march 3, 1996 (shown in minneapolis only) solomon r. guggenheim museum, new york, robert rauschenberg: a retrospective , september 19, 1997–january 7, 1998 (also guggenheim museum soho, new york, september 19, 1997–january 4, 1998, and ace gallery, new york, september 19–november 9, 1997). traveled to menil collection, contemporary arts museum houston, and museum of fine arts, houston, february 13–may 17, 1998; museum ludwig, cologne (as robert rauschenberg: retrospektive ), june 27–october 11, 1998; museo guggenheim bilbao (as robert rauschenberg: retrospectiva ), november 21, 1998–march 7, 1999 no. 62 (shown in new york only) museum of contemporary art, los angeles, out of actions: between performance and the object, 1949–1979 , february 8–may 10, 1998. traveled to mak–österreichisches museum für angewandte kunst, vienna (as out of actions: aktionismus, body art and performance, 1949–1979 ), june 17–september 6, 1998; museu d’art contemporani de barcelona (as art i acció: entre la performance i l’objecte, 1949–1979 ), october 16, 1998–january 6, 1999; museum of contemporary art, tokyo, february 11–april 11, 1999 castello di rivoli museo d’arte contemporanea, turin, italy, quotidiana: immagini della vita di ogni giorno nell’arte del xx secolo ( quotidiana: the continuity of the everyday in 20th century art ), february 5–may 21, 2000 san francisco museum of modern art, points of departure ii: connecting with contemporary art , november 17, 2001–june 9, 2002 san francisco museum of modern art, treasures of modern art: the legacy of phyllis wattis at sfmoma , january 30–june 24, 2003 tate liverpool, art, lies and videotape: exposing performance , november 14, 2003–january 25, 2004 national museum of modern art, kyoto, traces: body and idea in contemporary art , november 9–december 19, 2004. traveled to national museum of modern art, tokyo, january 12–february 27, 2005 solomon r. guggenheim museum, new york, the third mind: american artists contemplate asia, 1860–1989 , january 30–april 19, 2009 museu d’art contemporani de barcelona, l’anarquia del silenci: john cage i l’art experimental ( la anarquía del silencio: john cage y el arte experimental\u002Fthe anarchy of silence: john cage and experimental art ), october 23, 2009–january 10, 2010 museum of modern art, new york, on line: drawing through the twentieth century , november 21, 2010–february 7, 2011 philadelphia museum of art, dancing around the bride: cage, cunningham, johns, rauschenberg, and duchamp , october 30, 2012–january 21, 2013. traveled to barbican art gallery, london (as the bride and the bachelors: duchamp with cage, cunningham, rauschenberg and johns ), february 14–june 9, 2013 tate modern, london, robert rauschenberg , december 1, 2016–april 2, 2017. organized with museum of modern art, new york. traveled to museum of modern art, new york (as robert rauschenberg: among friends ), may 21–september 17, 2017; san francisco museum of modern art (as robert rauschenberg: erasing the rules ), november 18, 2017–march 25, 2018",{"fieldData":5307,"portalData":5319,"recordId":5320,"modId":3091,"bibliographyItems":5321,"exhibitionItems":5332,"searchText":5333},{"pk_ArtworkID":5308,"Unique Impression ID":5309,"Artist":9,"Title":721,"Display Date":48,"zc_YearFirst":49,"Medium":5310,"Dimensions":5311,"zf_WebPublished":15,"Series":15,"Reg Number Text":5309,"fk_ArtworkSeriesID":15,"zc_htmlTitle":724,"Credit Line":923,"zc_htmlCreditLine":924,"CR_Inscriptions":5312,"zc_htmlCRInscriptions":5313,"TItle_Alternative":15,"zc_htmlTitleAlternative":15,"Studio":15,"fk_StudioID":15,"CR_Classification":19,"Public Notes":15,"CR_Provenance":5314,"zc_SortRegNo":972,"zc_SortRegNo2":21,"zc_htmlCRPublicNotes":15,"zc_htmlCRProvenance":5315,"zc_CR_examDate":5316,"CR_followup":15,"zf_CR":22,"modificationTimestampAPI":5317,"cr_sequence_number":3088,"Search Year Start":49,"Search Year Start Circa":22,"Search Year End":49,"Search Year End Circa":22,"Year":48,"CR Number":5318,"zf_CRpublished":22,"zf_nonextant":15},20122,"51.022","Oil, ink, and crayon on canvas, mounted on linen","19 1\u002F4 × 26 3\u002F4 in. (49 × 67.8 cm)","Inscribed, upper right: To Ben ⟶Rauschenberg","\u003Cspan style=\"\" >Inscribed, upper right: \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"font-style:italic;\" >To Ben \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 18px;font-style:italic;\" >⟶\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"font-style:italic;\" >Rauschenberg\u003C\u002Fspan>","Ben Shahn, Roosevelt, N.J., gift of the artist, ca. 1951\rBernarda Shahn, Roosevelt, N.J., by descent, 1969\rEstate of Ben and Bernarda Shahn, bequest, 2004\r[Rago Arts and Auction Center, Lambertville, N.J., November 14, 2010, lot 1056]\rRobert Rauschenberg Foundation, New York, purchase at above, 2010","\u003Cspan style=\"\" >Ben Shahn, Roosevelt, N.J., gift of the artist, ca. 1951\u003Cbr\u002F>Bernarda Shahn, Roosevelt, N.J., by descent, 1969\u003Cbr\u002F>Estate of Ben and Bernarda Shahn, bequest, 2004\u003Cbr\u002F>[Rago Arts and Auction Center, Lambertville, N.J., November 14, 2010, lot 1056]\u003Cbr\u002F>Robert Rauschenberg Foundation, New York, purchase at above, 2010\u003C\u002Fspan>","08\u002F16\u002F2023","07\u002F31\u002F2026 17:09:22",26,{},"23436",[5322,5327],{"pk":5323,"citation":5324,"mentions":5325,"year":942,"sort":5326},745,"\u003Cspan style=\"\" >Kahn, Eve M. “Shahn Art Collection and Home Are for Sale.”\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"font-style:italic;\" > New York Times, \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"\" >October 15, 2010\u003C\u002Fspan>","\u003Cspan style=\"\" >sec. C, p. 31\u003C\u002Fspan>",20101015,{"pk":5328,"citation":5329,"mentions":5330,"year":942,"sort":5331},6204,"\u003Cspan style=\"\" >Iams, David. “Treasure from the Home of a Noted New Deal Artist.” \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"font-style:italic;\" >Philadelphia Inquirer\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"\" >, October 29, 2010\u003C\u002Fspan>","\u003Cspan style=\"\" >sec. F, p. 5 (ill.)\u003C\u002Fspan>",20101029,[],"26 title unknown ca. 1951 oil, ink, and crayon on canvas, mounted on linen 19 1\u002F4 × 26 3\u002F4 in. (49 × 67.8 cm) robert rauschenberg foundation, new york 51.022 inscribed, upper right: to ben ⟶ rauschenberg ben shahn, roosevelt, n.j., gift of the artist, ca. 1951 bernarda shahn, roosevelt, n.j., by descent, 1969 estate of ben and bernarda shahn, bequest, 2004 [rago arts and auction center, lambertville, n.j., november 14, 2010, lot 1056] robert rauschenberg foundation, new york, purchase at above, 2010 1951 1951 kahn, eve m. “shahn art collection and home are for sale.” new york times, october 15, 2010 sec. c, p. 31 iams, david. “treasure from the home of a noted new deal artist.” philadelphia inquirer , october 29, 2010 sec. f, p. 5 (ill.)",{"fieldData":5335,"portalData":5340,"recordId":5341,"modId":3910,"bibliographyItems":5342,"exhibitionItems":5347,"searchText":5348},{"pk_ArtworkID":5336,"Unique Impression ID":5337,"Artist":9,"Title":197,"Display Date":48,"zc_YearFirst":49,"Medium":13,"Dimensions":14,"zf_WebPublished":15,"Series":15,"Reg Number Text":5337,"fk_ArtworkSeriesID":15,"zc_htmlTitle":201,"Credit Line":17,"zc_htmlCreditLine":18,"CR_Inscriptions":15,"zc_htmlCRInscriptions":15,"TItle_Alternative":15,"zc_htmlTitleAlternative":15,"Studio":54,"fk_StudioID":55,"CR_Classification":19,"Public Notes":15,"CR_Provenance":15,"zc_SortRegNo":972,"zc_SortRegNo2":21,"zc_htmlCRPublicNotes":15,"zc_htmlCRProvenance":15,"zc_CR_examDate":15,"CR_followup":15,"zf_CR":22,"modificationTimestampAPI":5338,"cr_sequence_number":5036,"Search Year Start":49,"Search Year Start Circa":22,"Search Year End":49,"Search Year End Circa":22,"Year":48,"CR Number":5339,"zf_CRpublished":22,"zf_nonextant":22},20859,"51.011","05\u002F13\u002F2026 15:18:19",24,{},"24919",[5343,5345],{"pk":36,"citation":37,"mentions":5344,"year":39,"sort":40},"\u003Cspan style=\"\" >pp. 32, 56, 57 (pl. 21) (not exhibited)\u003C\u002Fspan>",{"pk":465,"citation":466,"mentions":5346,"year":468,"sort":469},"\u003Cspan style=\"\" >pp. 114 (fig. 45), 237\u003C\u002Fspan>",[],"24 untitled ca. 1951 oil on canvas (?) dimensions unknown lost 51.011 1951 1951 hopps, walter. robert rauschenberg: the early 1950s . houston: menil collection; houston fine art press, 1991. exhibition catalogue pp. 32, 56, 57 (pl. 21) (not exhibited) stemmrich, gregor. robert rauschenberg’s “erased de kooning drawing” (1953): modernism, literalism, postmodernism . translated by steven lindberg. berlin: hatje cantz, 2023 pp. 114 (fig. 45), 237",{"fieldData":5350,"portalData":5356,"recordId":5357,"modId":5358,"bibliographyItems":5359,"exhibitionItems":5362,"searchText":5363},{"pk_ArtworkID":5351,"Unique Impression ID":5352,"Artist":9,"Title":197,"Display Date":48,"zc_YearFirst":49,"Medium":5353,"Dimensions":14,"zf_WebPublished":15,"Series":15,"Reg Number Text":5352,"fk_ArtworkSeriesID":15,"zc_htmlTitle":201,"Credit Line":17,"zc_htmlCreditLine":18,"CR_Inscriptions":15,"zc_htmlCRInscriptions":15,"TItle_Alternative":15,"zc_htmlTitleAlternative":15,"Studio":15,"fk_StudioID":15,"CR_Classification":19,"Public Notes":15,"CR_Provenance":15,"zc_SortRegNo":972,"zc_SortRegNo2":21,"zc_htmlCRPublicNotes":15,"zc_htmlCRProvenance":15,"zc_CR_examDate":15,"CR_followup":15,"zf_CR":22,"modificationTimestampAPI":5354,"cr_sequence_number":1053,"Search Year Start":49,"Search Year Start Circa":22,"Search Year End":49,"Search Year End Circa":22,"Year":48,"CR Number":5355,"zf_CRpublished":22,"zf_nonextant":22},20943,"51.009","Oil, pencil, and butterfly wing on canvas (?)","05\u002F05\u002F2026 15:13:56",23,{},"25009","385",[5360],{"pk":36,"citation":37,"mentions":5361,"year":39,"sort":40},"\u003Cspan style=\"\" >pp. 32, 56 (pl. 20 [rotated]) (not exhibited)\u003C\u002Fspan>",[],"23 untitled ca. 1951 oil, pencil, and butterfly wing on canvas (?) dimensions unknown lost 51.009 1951 1951 hopps, walter. robert rauschenberg: the early 1950s . houston: menil collection; houston fine art press, 1991. exhibition catalogue pp. 32, 56 (pl. 20 [rotated]) (not exhibited)",{"fieldData":5365,"portalData":5369,"recordId":5370,"modId":5371,"bibliographyItems":5372,"exhibitionItems":5375,"searchText":5376},{"pk_ArtworkID":5366,"Unique Impression ID":5367,"Artist":9,"Title":197,"Display Date":48,"zc_YearFirst":49,"Medium":13,"Dimensions":14,"zf_WebPublished":15,"Series":15,"Reg Number Text":5367,"fk_ArtworkSeriesID":15,"zc_htmlTitle":201,"Credit Line":17,"zc_htmlCreditLine":18,"CR_Inscriptions":15,"zc_htmlCRInscriptions":15,"TItle_Alternative":15,"zc_htmlTitleAlternative":15,"Studio":54,"fk_StudioID":55,"CR_Classification":19,"Public Notes":15,"CR_Provenance":15,"zc_SortRegNo":972,"zc_SortRegNo2":21,"zc_htmlCRPublicNotes":15,"zc_htmlCRProvenance":15,"zc_CR_examDate":15,"CR_followup":15,"zf_CR":22,"modificationTimestampAPI":5368,"cr_sequence_number":4524,"Search Year Start":49,"Search Year Start Circa":22,"Search Year End":49,"Search Year End Circa":22,"Year":48,"CR Number":262,"zf_CRpublished":22,"zf_nonextant":22},21477,"51.021","05\u002F29\u002F2026 13:42:26",{},"25566","401",[5373],{"pk":36,"citation":37,"mentions":5374,"year":39,"sort":40},"\u003Cspan style=\"\" >pp. 32, 56 (not exhibited)\u003C\u002Fspan>",[],"25 untitled ca. 1951 oil on canvas (?) dimensions unknown lost 51.021 1951 1951 hopps, walter. robert rauschenberg: the early 1950s . houston: menil collection; houston fine art press, 1991. exhibition catalogue pp. 32, 56 (not exhibited)",{"fieldData":5378,"portalData":5391,"recordId":5392,"modId":5393,"bibliographyItems":5394,"exhibitionItems":5400,"searchText":5401},{"pk_ArtworkID":5379,"Unique Impression ID":5380,"Artist":9,"Title":5381,"Display Date":222,"zc_YearFirst":164,"Medium":5382,"Dimensions":5383,"zf_WebPublished":15,"Series":15,"Reg Number Text":5380,"fk_ArtworkSeriesID":15,"zc_htmlTitle":5384,"Credit Line":226,"zc_htmlCreditLine":227,"CR_Inscriptions":5385,"zc_htmlCRInscriptions":5386,"TItle_Alternative":15,"zc_htmlTitleAlternative":15,"Studio":925,"fk_StudioID":926,"CR_Classification":19,"Public Notes":15,"CR_Provenance":5387,"zc_SortRegNo":56,"zc_SortRegNo2":21,"zc_htmlCRPublicNotes":15,"zc_htmlCRProvenance":5388,"zc_CR_examDate":232,"CR_followup":15,"zf_CR":22,"modificationTimestampAPI":5389,"cr_sequence_number":5390,"Search Year Start":164,"Search Year Start Circa":15,"Search Year End":164,"Search Year End Circa":15,"Year":222,"CR Number":5390,"zf_CRpublished":22,"zf_nonextant":15},25793,"49.008","Church Painting","Oil on Masonite, two panels","84 1\u002F4 × 94 5\u002F8 in. (214 × 240.4 cm)","\u003Cspan style=\"font-style:italic;\" >Church Painting\u003C\u002Fspan>","Inscribed, lower right: RAUSCHENBERG ’4[?]","\u003Cspan style=\"\" >Inscribed, lower right: \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"font-style:italic;\" >RAUSCHENBERG ’4[?]\u003C\u002Fspan>","Church of Christ, Lafayette, La., gift of the artist, ca. 1949\rDora Rauschenberg, Lafayette, La., 1958\rJanet Rauschenberg Begneaud, Lafayette, La., by descent, 1999","\u003Cspan style=\"\" >Church of Christ, Lafayette, La., gift of the artist, ca. 1949\u003Cbr\u002F>Dora Rauschenberg, Lafayette, La., 1958\u003Cbr\u002F>Janet Rauschenberg Begneaud, Lafayette, La., by descent, 1999\u003C\u002Fspan>","07\u002F23\u002F2026 10:22:45",7,{},"33892","292",[5395,5397,5398,5399],{"pk":110,"citation":111,"mentions":5396,"year":113,"sort":114},"\u003Cspan style=\"\" >pp. 286–87\u003C\u002Fspan>",{"pk":374,"citation":375,"mentions":1880,"year":377,"sort":378},{"pk":144,"citation":145,"mentions":15,"year":146,"sort":147},{"pk":149,"citation":150,"mentions":151,"year":152,"sort":153},[],"7 church painting 1949 oil on masonite, two panels 84 1\u002F4 × 94 5\u002F8 in. (214 × 240.4 cm) collection of janet rauschenberg begneaud 49.008 inscribed, lower right: rauschenberg ’4[?] church of christ, lafayette, la., gift of the artist, ca. 1949 dora rauschenberg, lafayette, la., 1958 janet rauschenberg begneaud, lafayette, la., by descent, 1999 1949 1949 smith, mark l. “image and word in the prints of robert rauschenberg, 1951–1981.” phd diss., university of texas at austin, 1992. proquest (304034847) pp. 286–87 hopps, walter, and susan davidson. robert rauschenberg: a retrospective . new york: solomon r. guggenheim foundation, 1997. exhibition catalogue p. 551 (not exhibited) davidson, susan. “mother of god.” rauschenberg research project, san francisco museum of modern art, july 2013 kotz, mary lynn. rauschenberg: art and life . 3rd ed. new york: harry n. abrams, 2018 p. 70",{"fieldData":5403,"portalData":5413,"recordId":5414,"modId":5415,"bibliographyItems":5416,"exhibitionItems":5419,"searchText":5420},{"pk_ArtworkID":5404,"Unique Impression ID":5405,"Artist":9,"Title":5406,"Display Date":222,"zc_YearFirst":164,"Medium":5407,"Dimensions":5408,"zf_WebPublished":15,"Series":15,"Reg Number Text":5405,"fk_ArtworkSeriesID":15,"zc_htmlTitle":5409,"Credit Line":226,"zc_htmlCreditLine":227,"CR_Inscriptions":15,"zc_htmlCRInscriptions":15,"TItle_Alternative":15,"zc_htmlTitleAlternative":15,"Studio":925,"fk_StudioID":926,"CR_Classification":19,"Public Notes":15,"CR_Provenance":5410,"zc_SortRegNo":56,"zc_SortRegNo2":21,"zc_htmlCRPublicNotes":15,"zc_htmlCRProvenance":5411,"zc_CR_examDate":232,"CR_followup":15,"zf_CR":22,"modificationTimestampAPI":5412,"cr_sequence_number":5045,"Search Year Start":164,"Search Year Start Circa":15,"Search Year End":164,"Search Year End Circa":15,"Year":222,"CR Number":5045,"zf_CRpublished":22,"zf_nonextant":15},25794,"49.007","Delores Stage Bow","Oil on Masonite","72 × 35 5\u002F8 in. (183 × 90.5 cm)","\u003Cspan style=\"font-style:italic;\" >Delores Stage Bow\u003C\u002Fspan>","Dora Rauschenberg, Lafayette, La., ca. 1949\rJanet Rauschenberg Begneaud, Lafayette, La., by descent, 1999","\u003Cspan style=\"\" >Dora Rauschenberg, Lafayette, La., ca. 1949\u003Cbr\u002F>Janet Rauschenberg Begneaud, Lafayette, La., by descent, 1999\u003C\u002Fspan>","06\u002F01\u002F2026 13:33:58",{},"33893","252",[5417],{"pk":694,"citation":695,"mentions":5418,"year":697,"sort":698},"\u003Cspan style=\"\" >pp. 235–37, as \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"font-style:italic;\" >Delores\u003C\u002Fspan>",[],"6 delores stage bow 1949 oil on masonite 72 × 35 5\u002F8 in. (183 × 90.5 cm) collection of janet rauschenberg begneaud 49.007 dora rauschenberg, lafayette, la., ca. 1949 janet rauschenberg begneaud, lafayette, la., by descent, 1999 1949 1949 sinclair, sara, with mary marshall clark and peter bearman, eds. robert rauschenberg: an oral history . new york: columbia university press, 2019 pp. 235–37, as delores",{"fieldData":5422,"portalData":5437,"recordId":5438,"modId":5439,"bibliographyItems":5440,"exhibitionItems":5441,"searchText":5442},{"pk_ArtworkID":5423,"Unique Impression ID":5424,"Artist":9,"Title":5425,"Display Date":222,"zc_YearFirst":164,"Medium":5407,"Dimensions":5426,"zf_WebPublished":15,"Series":15,"Reg Number Text":5424,"fk_ArtworkSeriesID":15,"zc_htmlTitle":5427,"Credit Line":5428,"zc_htmlCreditLine":5429,"CR_Inscriptions":5430,"zc_htmlCRInscriptions":5431,"TItle_Alternative":15,"zc_htmlTitleAlternative":15,"Studio":925,"fk_StudioID":926,"CR_Classification":19,"Public Notes":15,"CR_Provenance":5432,"zc_SortRegNo":56,"zc_SortRegNo2":21,"zc_htmlCRPublicNotes":15,"zc_htmlCRProvenance":5433,"zc_CR_examDate":5434,"CR_followup":15,"zf_CR":22,"modificationTimestampAPI":5435,"cr_sequence_number":5436,"Search Year Start":164,"Search Year Start Circa":15,"Search Year End":164,"Search Year End Circa":15,"Year":222,"CR Number":5436,"zf_CRpublished":22,"zf_nonextant":15},26901,"49.009","Judy Weil","48 1\u002F4 × 30 in. (122.6 × 76.1 cm)","\u003Cspan style=\"font-style:italic;\" >Judy Weil\u003C\u002Fspan>","Collection of Judith Shea","\u003Cspan style=\"\" >Collection of Judith Shea\u003C\u002Fspan>","Inscribed, lower right: Rauschenberg ’49 [sideways]","\u003Cspan style=\"\" >Inscribed, lower right: \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"font-style:italic;\" >Rauschenberg ’49\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"\" > [sideways]\u003C\u002Fspan>","Leonard and Grace Weil, New York and Outer Island, Conn., 1949\rJudith Weil, New York, by descent, 1963","\u003Cspan style=\"\" >Leonard and Grace Weil, New York and Outer Island, Conn., 1949\u003Cbr\u002F>Judith Weil, New York, by descent, 1963\u003C\u002Fspan>","10\u002F17\u002F2022","07\u002F23\u002F2026 10:24:55",4,{},"35011","167",[],[],"4 judy weil 1949 oil on masonite 48 1\u002F4 × 30 in. (122.6 × 76.1 cm) collection of judith shea 49.009 inscribed, lower right: rauschenberg ’49 [sideways] leonard and grace weil, new york and outer island, conn., 1949 judith weil, new york, by descent, 1963 1949 1949",{"fieldData":5444,"portalData":5452,"recordId":5453,"modId":5454,"bibliographyItems":5455,"exhibitionItems":5456,"searchText":5457},{"pk_ArtworkID":5445,"Unique Impression ID":5446,"Artist":9,"Title":4226,"Display Date":5447,"zc_YearFirst":1062,"Medium":5448,"Dimensions":5449,"zf_WebPublished":15,"Series":4229,"Reg Number Text":5446,"fk_ArtworkSeriesID":4230,"zc_htmlTitle":4231,"Credit Line":2315,"zc_htmlCreditLine":2316,"CR_Inscriptions":15,"zc_htmlCRInscriptions":15,"TItle_Alternative":15,"zc_htmlTitleAlternative":15,"Studio":15,"fk_StudioID":15,"CR_Classification":19,"Public Notes":15,"CR_Provenance":2317,"zc_SortRegNo":788,"zc_SortRegNo2":21,"zc_htmlCRPublicNotes":15,"zc_htmlCRProvenance":2318,"zc_CR_examDate":4000,"CR_followup":15,"zf_CR":22,"modificationTimestampAPI":5450,"cr_sequence_number":5451,"Search Year Start":1062,"Search Year Start Circa":22,"Search Year End":1699,"Search Year End Circa":22,"Year":5447,"CR Number":1217,"zf_CRpublished":22,"zf_nonextant":15},27314,"53.074","ca. 1953–56","Gold leaf, fabric, and paper on wood, in wood-and-glass frame","4 5\u002F8 × 4 5\u002F8 in. (11.6 × 11.9 cm)","07\u002F30\u002F2026 14:17:02",239,{},"35448","143",[],[],"120 untitled ( gold painting ) ca. 1953–56 gold leaf, fabric, and paper on wood, in wood-and-glass frame 4 5\u002F8 × 4 5\u002F8 in. (11.6 × 11.9 cm) collection of alessandro twombly 53.074 cy twombly cy twombly and luisa franchetti twombly, 1959 alessandro twombly, by descent, 2011 gold paintings 1953 1956",{"fieldData":5459,"portalData":5475,"recordId":5476,"modId":5477,"bibliographyItems":5478,"exhibitionItems":5479,"searchText":5480},{"pk_ArtworkID":5460,"Unique Impression ID":5461,"Artist":9,"Title":5462,"Display Date":5463,"zc_YearFirst":12,"Medium":5464,"Dimensions":5465,"zf_WebPublished":15,"Series":15,"Reg Number Text":5461,"fk_ArtworkSeriesID":15,"zc_htmlTitle":5466,"Credit Line":5467,"zc_htmlCreditLine":5468,"CR_Inscriptions":5469,"zc_htmlCRInscriptions":5470,"TItle_Alternative":15,"zc_htmlTitleAlternative":15,"Studio":15,"fk_StudioID":15,"CR_Classification":19,"Public Notes":15,"CR_Provenance":5471,"zc_SortRegNo":20,"zc_SortRegNo2":21,"zc_htmlCRPublicNotes":15,"zc_htmlCRProvenance":5472,"zc_CR_examDate":5473,"CR_followup":15,"zf_CR":22,"modificationTimestampAPI":5474,"cr_sequence_number":22,"Search Year Start":12,"Search Year Start Circa":15,"Search Year End":12,"Search Year End Circa":15,"Year":5463,"CR Number":22,"zf_CRpublished":22,"zf_nonextant":15},27398,"48.002","Pat Pearman","1948","Tempera on folding screen","65 3\u002F8 × 78 3\u002F8 in. 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(166.1 × 199.1 cm) collection of link pearman ludington 48.002 inscribed, lower left: rauschenberg – 48 marjorie june ("pat") pearman, kansas city, mo., 1948 link pearman ludington, madison, ind., by descent, 1978 1948 1948",{"fieldData":5482,"portalData":5493,"recordId":5494,"modId":5495,"bibliographyItems":5496,"exhibitionItems":5497,"searchText":5498},{"pk_ArtworkID":5483,"Unique Impression ID":5484,"Artist":9,"Title":5485,"Display Date":222,"zc_YearFirst":164,"Medium":5486,"Dimensions":5487,"zf_WebPublished":15,"Series":15,"Reg Number Text":5484,"fk_ArtworkSeriesID":15,"zc_htmlTitle":5488,"Credit Line":17,"zc_htmlCreditLine":18,"CR_Inscriptions":5489,"zc_htmlCRInscriptions":5490,"TItle_Alternative":15,"zc_htmlTitleAlternative":15,"Studio":925,"fk_StudioID":926,"CR_Classification":19,"Public Notes":5489,"CR_Provenance":15,"zc_SortRegNo":56,"zc_SortRegNo2":21,"zc_htmlCRPublicNotes":5490,"zc_htmlCRProvenance":15,"zc_CR_examDate":15,"CR_followup":15,"zf_CR":22,"modificationTimestampAPI":5491,"cr_sequence_number":5492,"Search Year Start":164,"Search Year Start Circa":15,"Search Year End":164,"Search Year End Circa":15,"Year":222,"CR Number":5492,"zf_CRpublished":22,"zf_nonextant":22},27402,"49.001","Sue and Aaron","Oil on Masonite (?)","Approx. 72 × 24 in. 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houston fine art press, 1991. exhibition catalogue p. 139 (pl. 86) (not exhibited) cullinan, nicholas. “double exposure: robert rauschenberg’s and cy twombly’s roman holiday.” burlington magazine 150, no. 1264 (july 2008) pp. 464 (fig. 30 [install]), 468 (fig. 36) galleria d’arte contemporanea, florence, scatole e costruzioni contemplative di bob rauschenberg , opened march 14, 1953 galleria dell’obelisco, rome, bob rauschenberg: scatole e feticci personali , march 3–10, 1953 (likely shown)",{"fieldData":5518,"portalData":5524,"recordId":5525,"modId":4526,"bibliographyItems":5526,"exhibitionItems":5529,"searchText":5532},{"pk_ArtworkID":5519,"Unique Impression ID":5520,"Artist":9,"Title":2224,"Display Date":2110,"zc_YearFirst":1062,"Medium":5521,"Dimensions":14,"zf_WebPublished":15,"Series":2227,"Reg Number Text":5520,"fk_ArtworkSeriesID":2228,"zc_htmlTitle":2229,"Credit Line":52,"zc_htmlCreditLine":53,"CR_Inscriptions":15,"zc_htmlCRInscriptions":15,"TItle_Alternative":15,"zc_htmlTitleAlternative":15,"Studio":15,"fk_StudioID":15,"CR_Classification":731,"Public Notes":15,"CR_Provenance":15,"zc_SortRegNo":788,"zc_SortRegNo2":21,"zc_htmlCRPublicNotes":15,"zc_htmlCRProvenance":15,"zc_CR_examDate":15,"CR_followup":15,"zf_CR":22,"modificationTimestampAPI":5522,"cr_sequence_number":5523,"Search Year Start":1062,"Search Year Start Circa":22,"Search Year End":1062,"Search Year End Circa":22,"Year":2110,"CR Number":1812,"zf_CRpublished":22,"zf_nonextant":22},27429,"53.049","Bones, dirt, beads, twine, and wire (?)","06\u002F01\u002F2026 12:49:40",74,{},"35570",[5527,5528],{"pk":36,"citation":37,"mentions":4957,"year":39,"sort":40},{"pk":2297,"citation":2298,"mentions":2299,"year":441,"sort":2300},[5530,5531],{"citation":2256,"catalogue":2305,"year":1062},{"citation":2259,"catalogue":2305,"year":1062},"47 untitled ( scatole e feticci personali ) ca. 1953 bones, dirt, beads, twine, and wire (?) dimensions unknown presumed destroyed 53.049 scatole e feticci personali 1953 1953 hopps, walter. robert rauschenberg: the early 1950s . houston: menil collection; 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houston fine art press, 1991. exhibition catalogue p. 139 (pl. 86) (not exhibited) cullinan, nicholas. “double exposure: robert rauschenberg’s and cy twombly’s roman holiday.” burlington magazine 150, no. 1264 (july 2008) p. 468 (fig. 36) galleria d’arte contemporanea, florence, scatole e costruzioni contemplative di bob rauschenberg , opened march 14, 1953 (likely shown) galleria dell’obelisco, rome, bob rauschenberg: scatole e feticci personali , march 3–10, 1953 (likely shown)",{"fieldData":5549,"portalData":5555,"recordId":5556,"modId":5557,"bibliographyItems":5558,"exhibitionItems":5566,"searchText":5569},{"pk_ArtworkID":5550,"Unique Impression ID":5551,"Artist":9,"Title":2224,"Display Date":2110,"zc_YearFirst":1062,"Medium":5552,"Dimensions":14,"zf_WebPublished":15,"Series":2227,"Reg Number Text":5551,"fk_ArtworkSeriesID":2228,"zc_htmlTitle":2229,"Credit Line":52,"zc_htmlCreditLine":53,"CR_Inscriptions":15,"zc_htmlCRInscriptions":15,"TItle_Alternative":15,"zc_htmlTitleAlternative":15,"Studio":15,"fk_StudioID":15,"CR_Classification":731,"Public Notes":15,"CR_Provenance":15,"zc_SortRegNo":788,"zc_SortRegNo2":21,"zc_htmlCRPublicNotes":15,"zc_htmlCRProvenance":15,"zc_CR_examDate":15,"CR_followup":15,"zf_CR":22,"modificationTimestampAPI":5553,"cr_sequence_number":4178,"Search Year Start":1062,"Search Year Start Circa":22,"Search Year End":1062,"Search Year End Circa":22,"Year":2110,"CR Number":5554,"zf_CRpublished":22,"zf_nonextant":22},27432,"53.054","Plastic figurine, glue, fibers, and pearl (?)","06\u002F01\u002F2026 12:57:17",55,{},"35573","123",[5559,5564,5565],{"pk":5560,"citation":5561,"mentions":5562,"year":1062,"sort":5563},4329,"\u003Cspan style=\"\" >Volpe, Carlo. “Mostre d’arte a Firenze: Alla Galleria d’Arte contemporanea.” \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"font-style:italic;\" >Il nuovo Corriere\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"\" >, March 25, 1953\u003C\u002Fspan>","\u003Cspan style=\"\" >p. 3\u003C\u002Fspan>",19530325,{"pk":36,"citation":37,"mentions":4957,"year":39,"sort":40},{"pk":2297,"citation":2298,"mentions":2299,"year":441,"sort":2300},[5567,5568],{"citation":2256,"catalogue":15,"year":1062},{"citation":2259,"catalogue":2305,"year":1062},"55 untitled ( scatole e feticci personali ) ca. 1953 plastic figurine, glue, fibers, and pearl (?) dimensions unknown presumed destroyed 53.054 scatole e feticci personali 1953 1953 volpe, carlo. “mostre d’arte a firenze: alla galleria d’arte contemporanea.” il nuovo corriere , march 25, 1953 p. 3 hopps, walter. robert rauschenberg: the early 1950s . houston: menil collection; houston fine art press, 1991. exhibition catalogue p. 139 (pl. 86) (not exhibited) cullinan, nicholas. “double exposure: robert rauschenberg’s and cy twombly’s roman holiday.” burlington magazine 150, no. 1264 (july 2008) p. 468 (fig. 36) galleria d’arte contemporanea, florence, scatole e costruzioni contemplative di bob rauschenberg , opened march 14, 1953 galleria dell’obelisco, rome, bob rauschenberg: scatole e feticci personali , march 3–10, 1953 (likely shown)",{"fieldData":5571,"portalData":5576,"recordId":5577,"modId":5578,"bibliographyItems":5579,"exhibitionItems":5582,"searchText":5585},{"pk_ArtworkID":5572,"Unique Impression ID":5573,"Artist":9,"Title":2224,"Display Date":2110,"zc_YearFirst":1062,"Medium":5574,"Dimensions":14,"zf_WebPublished":15,"Series":2227,"Reg Number Text":5573,"fk_ArtworkSeriesID":2228,"zc_htmlTitle":2229,"Credit Line":52,"zc_htmlCreditLine":53,"CR_Inscriptions":15,"zc_htmlCRInscriptions":15,"TItle_Alternative":15,"zc_htmlTitleAlternative":15,"Studio":15,"fk_StudioID":15,"CR_Classification":731,"Public Notes":15,"CR_Provenance":15,"zc_SortRegNo":788,"zc_SortRegNo2":21,"zc_htmlCRPublicNotes":15,"zc_htmlCRProvenance":15,"zc_CR_examDate":15,"CR_followup":15,"zf_CR":22,"modificationTimestampAPI":5575,"cr_sequence_number":4037,"Search Year Start":1062,"Search Year Start Circa":22,"Search Year End":1062,"Search Year End Circa":22,"Year":2110,"CR Number":3087,"zf_CRpublished":22,"zf_nonextant":22},27433,"53.060","Glass-and-metal box, mica, and watch parts (?)","06\u002F01\u002F2026 13:02:04",{},"35574","131",[5580,5581],{"pk":36,"citation":37,"mentions":4957,"year":39,"sort":40},{"pk":2297,"citation":2298,"mentions":2299,"year":441,"sort":2300},[5583,5584],{"citation":2256,"catalogue":2305,"year":1062},{"citation":2259,"catalogue":2305,"year":1062},"63 untitled ( scatole e feticci personali ) ca. 1953 glass-and-metal box, mica, and watch parts (?) dimensions unknown presumed destroyed 53.060 scatole e feticci personali 1953 1953 hopps, walter. robert rauschenberg: the early 1950s . houston: menil collection; 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houston fine art press, 1991. exhibition catalogue p. 139 (pl. 86) (not exhibited) cullinan, nicholas. “double exposure: robert rauschenberg’s and cy twombly’s roman holiday.” burlington magazine 150, no. 1264 (july 2008) p. 468 (fig. 36) galleria d’arte contemporanea, florence, scatole e costruzioni contemplative di bob rauschenberg , opened march 14, 1953 (likely shown) galleria dell’obelisco, rome, bob rauschenberg: scatole e feticci personali , march 3–10, 1953 (likely shown)",{"fieldData":5717,"portalData":5723,"recordId":5724,"modId":4357,"bibliographyItems":5725,"exhibitionItems":5740,"searchText":5743},{"pk_ArtworkID":5718,"Unique Impression ID":5719,"Artist":9,"Title":2224,"Display Date":2110,"zc_YearFirst":1062,"Medium":5720,"Dimensions":14,"zf_WebPublished":15,"Series":2227,"Reg Number Text":5719,"fk_ArtworkSeriesID":2228,"zc_htmlTitle":2229,"Credit Line":52,"zc_htmlCreditLine":53,"CR_Inscriptions":15,"zc_htmlCRInscriptions":15,"TItle_Alternative":15,"zc_htmlTitleAlternative":15,"Studio":15,"fk_StudioID":15,"CR_Classification":731,"Public Notes":15,"CR_Provenance":15,"zc_SortRegNo":788,"zc_SortRegNo2":21,"zc_htmlCRPublicNotes":15,"zc_htmlCRProvenance":15,"zc_CR_examDate":15,"CR_followup":15,"zf_CR":22,"modificationTimestampAPI":5721,"cr_sequence_number":4355,"Search Year Start":1062,"Search Year Start Circa":22,"Search Year End":1062,"Search Year End Circa":22,"Year":2110,"CR Number":5722,"zf_CRpublished":22,"zf_nonextant":22},27447,"53.070","Wood, rope, horsehair fly whisk, printed paper, wire, mirrors, beads, and string (?)","07\u002F30\u002F2026 14:51:11",67,{},"35588",[5726,5728,5730,5732,5736,5738],{"pk":36,"citation":37,"mentions":5727,"year":39,"sort":40},"\u003Cspan style=\"\" >pp. 113, 135 (pl. 83), 136 (pl. 84) (not exhibited)\u003C\u002Fspan>",{"pk":1988,"citation":1989,"mentions":5729,"year":119,"sort":120},"\u003Cspan style=\"\" >cover (ill.), pp. 79, 80 (ill.) 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New York: Museum of Modern Art, 2013\u003C\u002Fspan>","\u003Cspan style=\"\" >p. 10 (fig. 7)\u003C\u002Fspan>",{"pk":454,"citation":455,"mentions":5737,"year":187,"sort":188},"\u003Cspan style=\"\" >p. 86 (pl. 53) (not exhibited)\u003C\u002Fspan>",{"pk":3178,"citation":3179,"mentions":5739,"year":2218,"sort":3181},"\u003Cspan style=\"\" >p. 105 (fig. 33)\u003C\u002Fspan>",[5741,5742],{"citation":2256,"catalogue":2305,"year":1062},{"citation":2259,"catalogue":2305,"year":1062},"67 untitled ( scatole e feticci personali ) ca. 1953 wood, rope, horsehair fly whisk, printed paper, wire, mirrors, beads, and string (?) dimensions unknown presumed destroyed 53.070 scatole e feticci personali 1953 1953 hopps, walter. robert rauschenberg: the early 1950s . houston: menil collection; houston fine art press, 1991. exhibition catalogue pp. 113, 135 (pl. 83), 136 (pl. 84) (not exhibited) celant, germano, ed. roma–new york, 1948–1964: an art exploration. milan: charta, 1993. exhibition catalogue cover (ill.), pp. 79, 80 (ill.) (not exhibited) cullinan, nicholas. “double exposure: robert rauschenberg’s and cy twombly’s roman holiday.” burlington magazine 150, no. 1264 (july 2008) p. 468 (fig. 35) dickerman, leah.  rauschenberg: canyon . new york: museum of modern art, 2013 p. 10 (fig. 7) dickerman, leah, and achim borchardt-hume. robert rauschenberg . new york: museum of modern art; london: tate publishing, 2016. exhibition catalogue p. 86 (pl. 53) (not exhibited) becker, anne-grit. cy twombly und robert rauschenberg: bilder im prozess . munich: metzel, 2020 p. 105 (fig. 33) galleria d’arte contemporanea, florence, scatole e costruzioni contemplative di bob rauschenberg , opened march 14, 1953 (likely shown) galleria dell’obelisco, rome, bob rauschenberg: scatole e feticci personali , march 3–10, 1953 (likely shown)",{"fieldData":5745,"portalData":5750,"recordId":5751,"modId":5752,"bibliographyItems":5753,"exhibitionItems":5763,"searchText":5766},{"pk_ArtworkID":5746,"Unique Impression ID":5747,"Artist":9,"Title":2224,"Display Date":2110,"zc_YearFirst":1062,"Medium":5748,"Dimensions":14,"zf_WebPublished":15,"Series":2227,"Reg Number Text":5747,"fk_ArtworkSeriesID":2228,"zc_htmlTitle":2229,"Credit Line":52,"zc_htmlCreditLine":53,"CR_Inscriptions":15,"zc_htmlCRInscriptions":15,"TItle_Alternative":15,"zc_htmlTitleAlternative":15,"Studio":15,"fk_StudioID":15,"CR_Classification":731,"Public Notes":15,"CR_Provenance":15,"zc_SortRegNo":788,"zc_SortRegNo2":21,"zc_htmlCRPublicNotes":15,"zc_htmlCRProvenance":15,"zc_CR_examDate":15,"CR_followup":15,"zf_CR":22,"modificationTimestampAPI":5749,"cr_sequence_number":244,"Search Year Start":1062,"Search Year Start Circa":22,"Search Year End":1062,"Search Year End Circa":22,"Year":2110,"CR Number":3008,"zf_CRpublished":22,"zf_nonextant":22},27448,"53.067","Wood, string, wool, bone, feathers, bells, and bead (?)","05\u002F29\u002F2026 15:03:13",{},"35589","128",[5754,5756,5758,5759,5761],{"pk":102,"citation":103,"mentions":5755,"year":105,"sort":106},"\u003Cspan style=\"\" >n.p. 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(fig. 32) hopps, walter. robert rauschenberg: the early 1950s . houston: menil collection; houston fine art press, 1991. exhibition catalogue pp. 135 (pl. 83), 137 (pl. 85) (not exhibited) cullinan, nicholas. “double exposure: robert rauschenberg’s and cy twombly’s roman holiday.” burlington magazine 150, no. 1264 (july 2008) p. 468 (fig. 35) craft, catherine.  robert rauschenberg . london: phaidon, 2013 p. 39 (no. 33 [install]) nesin, kate. cy twombly’s things . new haven, conn.: yale university press, 2014 p. 112 (fig. 40) galleria d’arte contemporanea, florence, scatole e costruzioni contemplative di bob rauschenberg , opened march 14, 1953 galleria dell’obelisco, rome, bob rauschenberg: scatole e feticci personali , march 3–10, 1953 (likely shown)",{"fieldData":5768,"portalData":5773,"recordId":5774,"modId":4357,"bibliographyItems":5775,"exhibitionItems":5779,"searchText":5782},{"pk_ArtworkID":5769,"Unique Impression ID":5770,"Artist":9,"Title":2224,"Display Date":2110,"zc_YearFirst":1062,"Medium":5771,"Dimensions":14,"zf_WebPublished":15,"Series":2227,"Reg Number Text":5770,"fk_ArtworkSeriesID":2228,"zc_htmlTitle":2229,"Credit Line":52,"zc_htmlCreditLine":53,"CR_Inscriptions":15,"zc_htmlCRInscriptions":15,"TItle_Alternative":15,"zc_htmlTitleAlternative":15,"Studio":15,"fk_StudioID":15,"CR_Classification":731,"Public Notes":15,"CR_Provenance":15,"zc_SortRegNo":788,"zc_SortRegNo2":21,"zc_htmlCRPublicNotes":15,"zc_htmlCRProvenance":15,"zc_CR_examDate":15,"CR_followup":15,"zf_CR":22,"modificationTimestampAPI":5772,"cr_sequence_number":4746,"Search Year Start":1062,"Search Year Start Circa":22,"Search Year End":1062,"Search Year End Circa":22,"Year":2110,"CR Number":2580,"zf_CRpublished":22,"zf_nonextant":22},27449,"53.066","Rope and wood (?)","05\u002F29\u002F2026 15:01:37",{},"35590",[5776,5777,5778],{"pk":102,"citation":103,"mentions":5755,"year":105,"sort":106},{"pk":36,"citation":37,"mentions":5757,"year":39,"sort":40},{"pk":2297,"citation":2298,"mentions":5731,"year":441,"sort":2300},[5780,5781],{"citation":2256,"catalogue":2305,"year":1062},{"citation":2259,"catalogue":2305,"year":1062},"72 untitled ( scatole e feticci personali ) ca. 1953 rope and wood (?) dimensions unknown presumed destroyed 53.066 scatole e feticci personali 1953 1953 feinstein, roni. “random order: the first fifteen years of robert rauschenberg’s art, 1949–1964.” phd diss., new york university, 1990. proquest (303859753) n.p. (fig. 32) hopps, walter. robert rauschenberg: the early 1950s . houston: menil collection; houston fine art press, 1991. exhibition catalogue pp. 135 (pl. 83), 137 (pl. 85) (not exhibited) cullinan, nicholas. “double exposure: robert rauschenberg’s and cy twombly’s roman holiday.” burlington magazine 150, no. 1264 (july 2008) p. 468 (fig. 35) galleria d’arte contemporanea, florence, scatole e costruzioni contemplative di bob rauschenberg , opened march 14, 1953 (likely shown) galleria dell’obelisco, rome, bob rauschenberg: scatole e feticci personali , march 3–10, 1953 (likely shown)",{"fieldData":5784,"portalData":5790,"recordId":5791,"modId":4180,"bibliographyItems":5792,"exhibitionItems":5797,"searchText":5800},{"pk_ArtworkID":5785,"Unique Impression ID":5786,"Artist":9,"Title":2224,"Display Date":2110,"zc_YearFirst":1062,"Medium":5787,"Dimensions":14,"zf_WebPublished":15,"Series":2227,"Reg Number Text":5786,"fk_ArtworkSeriesID":2228,"zc_htmlTitle":2229,"Credit Line":52,"zc_htmlCreditLine":53,"CR_Inscriptions":15,"zc_htmlCRInscriptions":15,"TItle_Alternative":15,"zc_htmlTitleAlternative":15,"Studio":15,"fk_StudioID":15,"CR_Classification":731,"Public Notes":15,"CR_Provenance":15,"zc_SortRegNo":788,"zc_SortRegNo2":21,"zc_htmlCRPublicNotes":15,"zc_htmlCRProvenance":15,"zc_CR_examDate":15,"CR_followup":15,"zf_CR":22,"modificationTimestampAPI":5788,"cr_sequence_number":195,"Search Year Start":1062,"Search Year Start Circa":22,"Search Year End":1062,"Search Year End Circa":22,"Year":2110,"CR Number":5789,"zf_CRpublished":22,"zf_nonextant":22},27450,"53.064","Hair, rope, wood, string, fabric, and bells (?)","05\u002F29\u002F2026 15:00:18",70,{},"35591",[5793,5794,5796],{"pk":102,"citation":103,"mentions":5755,"year":105,"sort":106},{"pk":36,"citation":37,"mentions":5795,"year":39,"sort":40},"\u003Cspan style=\"\" >pp. 112 (fig. 40), 135 (pl. 83), 137 (pl. 85) (not exhibited)\u003C\u002Fspan>",{"pk":2297,"citation":2298,"mentions":5731,"year":441,"sort":2300},[5798,5799],{"citation":2256,"catalogue":2305,"year":1062},{"citation":2259,"catalogue":2305,"year":1062},"70 untitled ( scatole e feticci personali ) ca. 1953 hair, rope, wood, string, fabric, and bells (?) dimensions unknown presumed destroyed 53.064 scatole e feticci personali 1953 1953 feinstein, roni. “random order: the first fifteen years of robert rauschenberg’s art, 1949–1964.” phd diss., new york university, 1990. proquest (303859753) n.p. 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10003\ncr@rauschenbergfoundation.org",[5939],{"_key":5940,"_type":5941,"children":5942,"markDefs":5948,"style":5949},"599e2a9f6700","block",[5943],{"_key":5944,"_type":5945,"marks":5946,"text":5947},"bed078f5368d","span",[],"The Robert Rauschenberg Foundation builds on the legacy of artist Robert Rauschenberg, emphasizing his belief that artists can drive social change. Rauschenberg sought to act in the “gap” between art and life, valuing chance and collaboration across disciplines. As such, the Foundation celebrates new and even untested ways of thinking.",[],"normal",[5951,5955],{"_key":5952,"label":5953,"url":5954},"fa4381e0935e","Terms and Conditions","https:\u002F\u002Fwww.rauschenbergfoundation.org\u002Ffoundation\u002Fterms-and-conditions",{"_key":5956,"label":5957,"url":5958},"9384c6a8f419","Join Mailing List","https:\u002F\u002Frauschenbergfoundation.org\u002Fjoin-our-mailing-list","212.228.5283",[5961,5965,5969],{"_key":5962,"label":5963,"url":5964},"a261f817c586","Facebook","https:\u002F\u002Fwww.facebook.com\u002FRauschenbergFoundation",{"_key":5966,"label":5967,"url":5968},"7b0ed283daed","Instagram","https:\u002F\u002Finstagram.com\u002Frauschenbergfoundation",{"_key":5970,"label":5971,"url":5972},"2a80bf504b70","Vimeo","https:\u002F\u002Fvimeo.com\u002Frauschenbergfoundation",1792773423396]