National Collection of Fine Arts, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, D.C., Robert Rauschenberg, October 30, 1976–January 2, 1977. Traveled to Museum of Modern Art, New York, March 25–May 17, 1977; San Francisco Museum of Modern Art, June 24–August 21, 1977; Albright-Knox Art Gallery, Buffalo, N.Y., September 25–October 30, 1977; Art Institute of Chicago, December 3, 1977–January 15, 1978. no. 9

Staatliche Kunsthalle Berlin, Robert Rauschenberg: Werke 1950–1980, March 25–May 4, 1980. Traveled to Städtische Kunsthalle Düsseldorf and Kunstverein für die Rheinlande und Westfalen, Düsseldorf (as Robert Rauschenberg), June 7–July 13, 1980; Louisiana Museum of Modern Art, Humlebæk, Denmark (as Robert Rauschenberg), September 20–November 23, 1980; Städelsches Kunstinstitut und Städtische Galerie, Frankfurt, December 4, 1980–January 18, 1981; Städtische Galerie im Lenbachhaus, Munich, February 4–April 5, 1981; Tate Gallery, London (as Robert Rauschenberg), April 29–June 14, 1981. no. 2

Städtischen Kunsthalle Düsseldorf, Schwarz, October 16–November 29, 1981. 

Larry Gagosian Gallery, New York, Rauschenberg: The White and Black Paintings 1949–1952, April 18–May 31, 1986. 

Edith C. Blum Art Institute, Bard College, Annandale-on-Hudson, N.Y., The Arts at Black Mountain College, 1933–1957, April 11–July 5, 1987. Traveled to North Carolina Museum of Art, Raleigh, July 25–October 4, 1987; Grey Art Gallery, New York University, October 25–December 19, 1987. 

Central House of Artists, Moscow, ROCI: Rauschenberg Overseas Culture Interchange, February 2–March 5, 1989. (not in brochure)

Wiener Secession, Vienna, Wittgenstein: Das Spiel des Unsagbaren (Wittgenstein: The Play of the Unsayable), September 13–October 29, 1989. Traveled to Palais des Beaux-Arts, Brussels (as Wittgenstein: Het Spel van het Naamloze), December 17, 1989–January 28, 1990. 

Corcoran Gallery of Art, Washington, D.C., Robert Rauschenberg: The Early 1950s, June 15–August 11, 1991. Organized by Menil Collection, Houston. Traveled to Menil Collection, Houston, September 27, 1991–January 5, 1992; Museum of Contemporary Art Chicago, February 8–April 19, 1992; San Francisco Museum of Modern Art, May 14–August 16, 1992; Guggenheim Museum SoHo, New York, October 24, 1992–January 24, 1993. 

Guggenheim Museum SoHo, New York, Singular Dimensions in Painting, May 26, 1993–January 4, 1994. (withdrawn early)

Hiroshima City Museum of Contemporary Art, The 2nd Hiroshima Art Prize: Robert Rauschenberg, November 3, 1993–January 16, 1994. no. 7

Solomon R. Guggenheim Museum, New York, Robert Rauschenberg: A Retrospective, September 19, 1997–January 7, 1998 (also Guggenheim Museum SoHo, New York, September 19, 1997–January 4, 1998, and Ace Gallery, New York, September 19–November 9, 1997). Traveled to Menil Collection, Contemporary Arts Museum Houston, and Museum of Fine Arts, Houston, February 13–May 17, 1998; Museum Ludwig, Cologne (as Robert Rauschenberg: Retrospektive), June 27–October 11, 1998; Museo Guggenheim Bilbao (as Robert Rauschenberg: Retrospectiva), November 21, 1998–March 7, 1999. no. 20

Neue Nationalgalerie, Berlin, Das MoMA in Berlin: Meisterwerke aus dem Museum of Modern Art, New York, February 20–September 19, 2004. Organized with Berliner Festspiele, Berlin, and Museum of Modern Art, New York. 

National Gallery of Art, Washington, D.C., Shock of the News, September 23, 2012–January 27, 2013. 

Tate Modern, London, Robert Rauschenberg, December 1, 2016–April 2, 2017. Organized with Museum of Modern Art, New York. Traveled to Museum of Modern Art, New York (as Robert Rauschenberg: Among Friends), May 21–September 17, 2017; San Francisco Museum of Modern Art (as Robert Rauschenberg: Erasing the Rules), November 18, 2017–March 25, 2018. (not shown in London)

Robert Rauschenberg. Washington, D.C.: National Collection of Fine Arts, Smithsonian Institution, 1976. Exhibition catalogue. no. 9, p. 68 (ill.)

Robert Rauschenberg: Werke 1950–1980. Berlin: Staatliche Kunsthalle Berlin, 1980. Exhibition catalogue. no. 2, p. 260, 260 (ill.)

“Robert Rauschenberg.” Special issue, Louisiana Revy (Humlebæk, Denmark) 21, no. 1 (September 1980). no. 2, pp. 4 (ill.), 43

Weitemeier, Hannah, ed. Schwarz. Berlin: Frölich & Kaufmann; Düsseldorf: Städtischen Kunsthalle Düsseldorf, 1981. Exhibition catalogue. p. 104 (ill.)

Robert Rauschenberg. London: Tate Gallery, 1981. Exhibition brochure. no. 6, n.p.

Rauschenberg: The White and Black Paintings 1949–1952. New York: Larry Gagosian Gallery, 1986. Exhibition catalogue. n.p. (pl. 5)

Feinstein, Roni. “The Early Work of Robert Rauschenberg: The White Paintings, the Black Paintings, and the Elemental Sculptures.” Arts Magazine (New York) 61, no. 1 (September 1986). p. 35, 35 (ill.)

Harris, Mary Emma. The Arts at Black Mountain College. Cambridge, Mass.: MIT Press, 1987. p. 187 (ill.)

Wittgenstein: Het spel van het naamloze/The Play of the Unsayable. 2 vols. Brussels: Paleis voor Schone Kunsten, 1989. Exhibition catalogue. vol. 2, p. 187 (ill.)

Feinstein, Roni. “Random Order: The First Fifteen Years of Robert Rauschenberg’s Art, 1949–1964.” PhD diss., New York University, 1990. ProQuest (303859753). pp. 108–9, n.p. (fig. 26)

Hopps, Walter. Robert Rauschenberg: The Early 1950s. Houston: Menil Collection; Houston Fine Art Press, 1991. Exhibition catalogue. pp. 63, 67–69, 92, 93 (pl. 40), 111, as Untitled [matte black painting with Asheville Citizen]

Johnson, Patricia C. “’50s Unveiled: Rauschenberg Shows Work New to Public.” Houston Chronicle, September 29, 1991. “Zest” sec., p. 22, as Asheville Citizen

Ennis, Michael. “A Protean Talent.” Texas Monthly 19, no. 11 (November 1991). p. 84, as Untitled [matte black painting with the Asheville Citizen]

Smith, Mark L. “Image and Word in the Prints of Robert Rauschenberg, 1951–1981.” PhD diss., University of Texas at Austin, 1992. ProQuest (304034847). pp. 95–96

Camper, Fred. “The Unordered Universe.” Reader (Chicago), March 27, 1992. sec. 1, p. 32

Colpitt, Frances. “Rauschenberg: In the Beginning.” Art in America 80, no. 4 (April 1992). pp. 126 (ill.), 128, as Untitled

Wiegenstein, Roland H. “Ein Porträt des Künstlers als junger Mann.” Frankfurter Rundschau (Frankfurt, Germany), July 18, 1992. 

Robert Rauschenberg: The 2nd Hiroshima Art Prize. Hiroshima: Hiroshima City Museum of Contemporary Art, 1993. Exhibition catalogue. no. 7, p. 56 (pl. 7), as Untitled [matte black painting with Asheville Citizen]

Wainwright, Lisa. “Reading Junk: Thematic Imagery in the Art of Robert Rauschenberg from 1952 to 1964.” PhD diss., University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, 1993. ProQuest (304050074). p. 206, as Untitled (Asheville Citizen)

Celant, Germano, ed. Roma–New York, 1948–1964: An Art Exploration. Milan: Charta, 1993. Exhibition catalogue. pp. 21 (ill.), 22, as Untitled [matte black painting with Asheville Citizen] (not exhibited)

Molesworth, Helen. “Before Bed.” October, no. 63 (Winter 1993). p. 70, as Untitled (Black Painting with Asheville Citizen)

Hopps, Walter, and Susan Davidson. Robert Rauschenberg: A Retrospective. New York: Solomon R. Guggenheim Foundation, 1997. Exhibition catalogue. no. 20, pp. 33, 44, 63 (pl. 20), as Untitled [matte black painting with Asheville Citizen]

Doran, Anne, and Walter Hopps. “Robert Rauschenberg: Here Comes Everybody.” Atlántica: Revista de las artes (Las Palmas, Spain), no. 21 (1998). p. 156, as Untitled (matte black painting with Ashville Citizen)

Hunter, Sam. Robert Rauschenberg. New York: Rizzoli, 1999. p. 16 (no. 9), as Untitled

Joseph, Branden W., ed. Robert Rauschenberg. Cambridge, Mass.: MIT Press, 2002. pp. 76, 77 (ill.), as Untitled [matte black painting with Asheville Citizen]

Joseph, Branden W. Random Order: Robert Rauschenberg and the Neo-Avant-Garde. Cambridge, Mass.: MIT Press, 2003. p. 142, as Untitled [matte black painting with Asheville Citizen]

Elderfield, John. Das MoMA in Berlin: Meisterwerke aus dem Museum of Modern Art, New York. Ostfildern-Ruit, Germany: Hatje Cantz, 2004. Exhibition catalogue. pp. 200 (ill.), 328, as Untitled (Asheville Citizen)

Davidson, Susan, and David White. Rauschenberg. Ferrara, Italy: Ferrara Arte, 2004. Exhibition catalogue. pp. 55–56, 57 (fig. 25), as Untitled [matte black painting with Asheville Citizen] (not exhibited)

Rosenthal, Stephanie. Black Paintings. Translated by Büro Sieveking. Munich: Haus der Kunst; Ostfildern, Germany: Hatje Cantz, 2006. Exhibition catalogue. no. 8, pp. 27, 121 (pl. 8), as Untitled (Asheville Citizen) (not exhibited)

Hunter, Sam. Robert Rauschenberg: Works, Writings and Interviews. Barcelona: Polígrafa, 2006. p. 23 (ill.), as Untitled

Lanchner, Carolyn. Robert Rauschenberg. New York: Museum of Modern Art, 2009. pp. 3, 4 (ill.), 5–9, as Untitled (Asheville Citizen)

Boaden, James. “Black Painting (with Asheville Citizen).” Art History 34, no. 1 (February 2011). pp. 182 (pl. 10), 183, as Untitled [Matte Black Painting with ‘Asheville Citizen’]

Brodie, Judith. Shock of the News. Washington, D.C.: National Gallery of Art; Farnham, Surrey, U.K.: Lund Humphries, 2012. Exhibition catalogue. pp. 24, 28 (pl. 16), 30, 99, 108, 120, as Asheville Citizen

Schimmel, Paul, ed. Destroy the Picture: Painting the Void, 1949–1962. Los Angeles: Museum of Contemporary Art, 2012. Exhibition catalogue. p. 229, as Untitled (not exhibited)

Dickerman, Leah, and Achim Borchardt-Hume. Robert Rauschenberg. New York: Museum of Modern Art; London: Tate Publishing, 2016. Exhibition catalogue. pp. 35, 52 (pl. 15), as Untitled (Black Painting with Asheville Citizen)

Stemmrich, Gregor. Robert Rauschenberg’s “Erased de Kooning Drawing” (1953): Modernism, Literalism, Postmodernism. Translated by Steven Lindberg. Berlin: Hatje Cantz, 2023. p. 97 (fig. 17), as Untitled [Asheville Citizen]