Stable Gallery, New York, Rauschenberg: Paintings and Sculpture, September 15–October 3, 1953. 

Wadsworth Atheneum, Hartford, Conn., Black, White and Grey, January 9–February 9, 1964. (only panel 2 shown)

Dallas Museum of Fine Arts and Pollock Galleries, Southern Methodist University, Dallas, Poets of the Cities: New York and San Francisco, 1950–1965, November 20–December 29, 1974. Traveled to San Francisco Museum of Art, January 31–March 23, 1975; Wadsworth Atheneum, Hartford, Conn., April 23–June 1, 1975. no. 49

National Collection of Fine Arts, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, D.C., Robert Rauschenberg, October 30, 1976–January 2, 1977. Traveled to Museum of Modern Art, New York, March 25–May 17, 1977; San Francisco Museum of Modern Art, June 24–August 21, 1977; Albright-Knox Art Gallery, Buffalo, N.Y., September 25–October 30, 1977; Art Institute of Chicago, December 3, 1977–January 15, 1978. no. 8

Fundación Juan March, Madrid, Rauschenberg, February 8–March 24, 1985. Traveled to Fundació Joan Miró, Barcelona, March 28–May 19, 1985. no. 2

Larry Gagosian Gallery, New York, Rauschenberg: The White and Black Paintings 1949–1952, April 18–May 31, 1986. 

National Gallery of Art, Washington, D.C., Seven American Masters, July 4–November 15, 1986. 

Corcoran Gallery of Art, Washington, D.C., Robert Rauschenberg: The Early 1950s, June 15–August 11, 1991. Organized by Menil Collection, Houston. Traveled to Menil Collection, Houston, September 27, 1991–January 5, 1992; Museum of Contemporary Art Chicago, February 8–April 19, 1992; San Francisco Museum of Modern Art, May 14–August 16, 1992; Guggenheim Museum SoHo, New York, October 24, 1992–January 24, 1993. 

Centre National d’Art et de Culture Georges Pompidou, Paris, L’informe: Mode d’emploi, May 22–August 26, 1996. 

Solomon R. Guggenheim Museum, New York, Robert Rauschenberg: A Retrospective, September 19, 1997–January 7, 1998 (also Guggenheim Museum SoHo, New York, September 19, 1997–January 4, 1998, and Ace Gallery, New York, September 19–November 9, 1997). Traveled to Menil Collection, Contemporary Arts Museum Houston, and Museum of Fine Arts, Houston, February 13–May 17, 1998; Museum Ludwig, Cologne (as Robert Rauschenberg: Retrospektive), June 27–October 11, 1998; Museo Guggenheim Bilbao (as Robert Rauschenberg: Retrospectiva), November 21, 1998–March 7, 1999. no. 18

Whitney Museum of American Art, New York, An American Legacy, A Gift to New York, October 24, 2002–January 26, 2003. 

Whitney Museum of American Art, New York, Artists Making Photographs, January 16–May 17, 2009. 

Whitney Museum of American Art, New York, Shaping a Collection: Five Decades of Gifts, July 17–October 19, 2014. 

Tate Modern, London, Robert Rauschenberg, December 1, 2016–April 2, 2017. Organized with Museum of Modern Art, New York. Traveled to Museum of Modern Art, New York (as Robert Rauschenberg: Among Friends), May 21–September 17, 2017; San Francisco Museum of Modern Art (as Robert Rauschenberg: Erasing the Rules), November 18, 2017–March 25, 2018. (not shown in San Francisco)

Norton Museum of Art, West Palm Beach, Fla., Robert Rauschenberg: Five Decades from the Whitney’s Collection, February 21–December 13, 2020. Organized by Whitney Museum of American Art, New York. 

Cage, John. “On Robert Rauschenberg, Artist, and His Work.” Metro (Milan), no. 2 (1961). p. 49

Poets of the Cities: New York and San Francisco, 1950–1965. Dallas: Dallas Museum of Fine Arts, 1974. Exhibition catalogue. no. 49, p. 77 (pl. 5)

Robert Rauschenberg. Washington, D.C.: National Collection of Fine Arts, Smithsonian Institution, 1976. Exhibition catalogue. no. 8, p. 67 (ill.)

Forgey, Benjamin. “An Artist for All Decades.” Artnews 76, no. 1 (January 1977). pp. 35–36

Perrone, Jeff. “Robert Rauschenberg.” Artforum 15, no. 6 (February 1977). p. 27 (ill.)

Stuckey, Charles F. “Reading Rauschenberg.” Art in America 65, no. 2 (March–April 1977). p. 79

Tomkins, Calvin. Off the Wall: Robert Rauschenberg and the Art World of Our Time. Garden City, N.Y.: Doubleday, 1980. p. 107

Rauschenberg. Madrid: Fundación Juan March, 1985. Exhibition catalogue. no. 2, n.p. (ill.)

Rauschenberg: The White and Black Paintings 1949–1952. New York: Larry Gagosian Gallery, 1986. Exhibition catalogue. n.p. (pl. 7)

Feinstein, Roni. “The Early Work of Robert Rauschenberg: The White Paintings, the Black Paintings, and the Elemental Sculptures.” Arts Magazine (New York) 61, no. 1 (September 1986). pp. 32, 34 (ill.)

Rose, Barbara. Rauschenberg. New York: Vintage Books, 1987. p. 62

Feinstein, Roni. “Random Order: The First Fifteen Years of Robert Rauschenberg’s Art, 1949–1964.” PhD diss., New York University, 1990. ProQuest (303859753). p. 103, n.p. (fig. 23)

Hopps, Walter. Robert Rauschenberg: The Early 1950s. Houston: Menil Collection; Houston Fine Art Press, 1991. Exhibition catalogue. pp. 62–63, 66–67, 90–91 (pl. 39), 153, 193 (pl. 120 [install]), as Untitled [glossy black four-panel painting], p. 66 (fig. 30 [install]), as Untitled [glossy five-panel black painting]

Bois, Yve-Alain, and Rosalind E. Krauss. L’informe: Mode d’emploi. Paris: Centre Georges Pompidou, 1996. Exhibition catalogue. pp. 16, 54, 56 (ill.), 57 (ill. [detail]), as Sans titre (polyptyque noir)

Hopps, Walter, and Susan Davidson. Robert Rauschenberg: A Retrospective. New York: Solomon R. Guggenheim Foundation, 1997. Exhibition catalogue. no. 18, pp. 33, 44, 60–61 (pl. 18), as Untitled [glossy black four-panel painting]

Bois, Yve-Alain, and Rosalind E. Krauss. Formless: A User’s Guide. New York: Zone Books, 1997. Exhibition catalogue. pp. 24, 59, 60–61 (fig. 18), as Untitled

Hunter, Sam. Robert Rauschenberg. New York: Rizzoli, 1999. p. 12 (no. 4), as Untitled

Prather, Marla, and Dana A. Miller. An American Legacy, a Gift to New York: Recent Acquisitions from the Board of Trustees. New York: Whitney Museum of American Art, 2002. Exhibition catalogue. pp. 86, 87 (ill.), as Untitled

Tomkins, Calvin. Off the Wall: A Portrait of Robert Rauschenberg. New York: Picador, 2005. p. 97

Rosenthal, Stephanie. Black Paintings. Translated by Büro Sieveking. Munich: Haus der Kunst; Ostfildern, Germany: Hatje Cantz, 2006. Exhibition catalogue. no. 6, pp. 27, 119 (pl. 6), as Untitled (glossy black four-panel painting) (not exhibited)

Hunter, Sam. Robert Rauschenberg: Works, Writings and Interviews. Barcelona: Polígrafa, 2006. p. 16 (ill.), as Untitled

Davidson, Susan, and David White, eds. Robert Rauschenberg: Photographs 1949–1962. New York: D.A.P./Distributed Art Publishers, 2011. p. 23

Craft, Catherine. Robert Rauschenberg. London: Phaidon, 2013. pp. 32–33 (no. 25), as Untitled [glossy black four panel painting]

Haskell, Caitlin. “Untitled [glossy black painting].” Rauschenberg Research Project, San Francisco Museum of Modern Art, July 2013. (fig. 4), as Untitled [glossy black four-panel painting]

Krčma, Ed. Robert Rauschenberg. London: Tate Publishing, 2016. pp. 32–33 (fig. 24), as Untitled

Dickerman, Leah, and Achim Borchardt-Hume. Robert Rauschenberg. New York: Museum of Modern Art; London: Tate Publishing, 2016. Exhibition catalogue. pp. 94 (ill. [install]), 108–9 (pl. 68), as Untitled (Black Painting)

Stemmrich, Gregor. Robert Rauschenberg’s “Erased de Kooning Drawing” (1953): Modernism, Literalism, Postmodernism. Translated by Steven Lindberg. Berlin: Hatje Cantz, 2023. p. 96 (fig. 16 [install]), as Untitled [glossy five-panel black painting]