Leo Castelli Gallery, New York, White Paintings 1951, October 12–26, 1968. 

Ace Gallery, Venice, Calif., Rauschenberg White Paintings (1951), April 10–30, 1973. Traveled to Ace Gallery, Vancouver, June 1–16, 1973. 

National Collection of Fine Arts, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, D.C., Robert Rauschenberg, October 30, 1976–January 2, 1977. Traveled to Museum of Modern Art, New York, March 25–May 17, 1977; San Francisco Museum of Modern Art, June 24–August 21, 1977; Albright-Knox Art Gallery, Buffalo, N.Y., September 25–October 30, 1977; Art Institute of Chicago, December 3, 1977–January 15, 1978. no. 5

Larry Gagosian Gallery, New York, Rauschenberg: The White and Black Paintings 1949–1952, April 18–May 31, 1986. 

Edith C. Blum Art Institute, Bard College, Annandale-on-Hudson, N.Y., The Arts at Black Mountain College, 1933–1957, April 11–July 5, 1987. Traveled to North Carolina Museum of Art, Raleigh, July 25–October 4, 1987; Grey Art Gallery, New York University, October 25–December 19, 1987. 

Central House of Artists, Moscow, ROCI: Rauschenberg Overseas Culture Interchange, February 2–March 5, 1989. 

Neue Berliner Galerie im Alten Museum, Berlin, ROCI: Rauschenberg Overseas Culture Interchange, March 10–April 1, 1990. 

Corcoran Gallery of Art, Washington, D.C., Robert Rauschenberg: The Early 1950s, June 15–August 11, 1991. Organized by Menil Collection, Houston. Traveled to Menil Collection, Houston, September 27, 1991–January 5, 1992; Museum of Contemporary Art Chicago, February 8–April 19, 1992; San Francisco Museum of Modern Art, May 14–August 16, 1992; Guggenheim Museum SoHo, New York, October 24, 1992–January 24, 1993. 

45th Venice Biennale, Punti cardinale dell’arte (Cardinal Points of Art), June 13–October 10, 1993. (not in cat.)

Museum of Contemporary Art, Los Angeles, Rolywholyover: A Circus, September 12–November 28, 1993. Traveled to Menil Collection, Houston, January 14–April 2, 1994; Guggenheim Museum SoHo, New York, April 23–July 31, 1994; Art Tower Mito, Japan, November 3, 1994–February 26, 1995; Philadelphia Museum of Art, June 4–July 30, 1995. (not in cat.; exhibition copy fabricated and shown per Rauschenberg’s instructions)

Solomon R. Guggenheim Museum, New York, Robert Rauschenberg: A Retrospective, September 19, 1997–January 7, 1998 (also Guggenheim Museum SoHo, New York, September 19, 1997–January 4, 1998, and Ace Gallery, New York, September 19–November 9, 1997). Traveled to Menil Collection, Contemporary Arts Museum Houston, and Museum of Fine Arts, Houston, February 13–May 17, 1998; Museum Ludwig, Cologne (as Robert Rauschenberg: Retrospektive), June 27–October 11, 1998; Museo Guggenheim Bilbao (as Robert Rauschenberg: Retrospectiva), November 21, 1998–March 7, 1999. no. 14

Fundação Centro Cultural de Belém, Lisbon, Malevich e o cinema (Malevich and Film), May 17–August 18, 2002. 

Baltimore Museum of Art, Work Ethic, October 12, 2003–January 4, 2004. Traveled to Des Moines Art Center, Iowa, May 15–August 1, 2004; Wexner Center for the Arts, Ohio State University, Columbus, September 18, 2004–January 2, 2005. 

Arnolfini, Bristol, Starting at Zero: Black Mountain College 1933–57, November 5, 2005–January 15, 2006. Traveled to Kettle’s Yard, Cambridge, U.K., January 28–April 2, 2006. 

Asheville Art Museum, N.C., Black Mountain College: Experiments in Material and Form, August 18–December 31, 2006. (not in brochure)

Gagosian Gallery, New York, Piero Manzoni: A Retrospective, January 24–March 21, 2009. no. 7

Glueck, Grace. “Ben Shahn Shines On.” New York Times, October 13, 1968. sec. D, p. 39

Pincus-Witten, Robert. “New York: Robert Rauschenberg, Castelli Gallery.” Artforum 7, no. 4 (December 1968). p. 55

Robert Rauschenberg. Washington, D.C.: National Collection of Fine Arts, Smithsonian Institution, 1976. Exhibition catalogue. no. 5, p. 66 (ill.)

Olson, Roberta J. M. “A Retrospective: Castelli on Rauschenberg.” SoHo Weekly News (New York), March 24, 1977. p. 26

Rauschenberg: The White and Black Paintings 1949–1952. New York: Larry Gagosian Gallery, 1986. Exhibition catalogue. n.p. (pl. 1)

Feinstein, Roni. “The Early Work of Robert Rauschenberg: The White Paintings, the Black Paintings, and the Elemental Sculptures.” Arts Magazine (New York) 61, no. 1 (September 1986). p. 28

Harris, Mary Emma. The Arts at Black Mountain College. Cambridge, Mass.: MIT Press, 1987. p. 230 (ill.)

ROCI: Rauschenberg Overseas Culture Interchange [USSR]. West Islip, N.Y.: Universal Limited Art Editions, 1989. Exhibition brochure. p. 7 (ill.)

ROCI: Rauschenberg Overseas Culture Interchange [Berlin]. West Islip, N.Y.: Universal Limited Art Editions, 1990. Exhibition brochure. p. 7 (ill.)

Feinstein, Roni. “Random Order: The First Fifteen Years of Robert Rauschenberg’s Art, 1949–1964.” PhD diss., New York University, 1990. ProQuest (303859753). p. 87, n.p. (fig. 17)

Hopps, Walter. Robert Rauschenberg: The Early 1950s. Houston: Menil Collection; Houston Fine Art Press, 1991. Exhibition catalogue. pp. 80, 81 (pl. 31), 154, 184

Hopps, Walter, and Susan Davidson. Robert Rauschenberg: A Retrospective. New York: Solomon R. Guggenheim Foundation, 1997. Exhibition catalogue. no. 14, p. 56 (pl. 14)

Joseph, Branden W. “White on White.” Critical Inquiry 27, no. 1 (Autumn 2000). p. 93 (fig. 1)

Tupitsyn, Margarita. Malevich and Film. New Haven, Conn.: Yale University Press; Lisbon: Fundação Centro Cultural de Belém, 2002. Exhibition catalogue. pp. 100, 101 (fig. 145)

Joseph, Branden W. Random Order: Robert Rauschenberg and the Neo-Avant-Garde. Cambridge, Mass.: MIT Press, 2003. p. 24 (ill.)

Molesworth, Helen, ed. Work Ethic. Baltimore: Baltimore Museum of Art; University Park: Pennsylvania State University Press, 2003. Exhibition catalogue. p. 155 (ill.)

Starting at Zero: Black Mountain College 1933–57. Bristol: Arnolfini; Cambridge, U.K.: Kettle’s Yard, 2005. Exhibition catalogue. pp. 101 (ill.), 115

Gayford, Martin. “Starting at Zero: Black Mountain College 1933–57.” Modern Painters, March 2006. p. 123

Celant, Germano. Manzoni. New York: Gagosian Gallery; Milan: Skira, 2009. Exhibition catalogue. no. 7, p. 57 (ill.)

Roberts, Sarah. “White Painting [three panel].” Rauschenberg Research Project, San Francisco Museum of Modern Art, July 2013. 

Dickerman, Leah, and Achim Borchardt-Hume. Robert Rauschenberg. New York: Museum of Modern Art; London: Tate Publishing, 2016. Exhibition catalogue. p. 48 (pl. 9) (not exhibited)