Betty Parsons Gallery, New York, Paintings by Bob Rauschenberg, May 14–June 2, 1951. 

Andrew Crispo Gallery, New York, Twelve Americans: Masters of Collage, November 17–December 30, 1977. no. 136

Terra Museum of American Art, Evanston, Ill., Solitude: Inner Visions in American Art, September 25–December 30, 1982. (shown rotated)

Corcoran Gallery of Art, Washington, D.C., Robert Rauschenberg: The Early 1950s, June 15–August 11, 1991. Organized by Menil Collection, Houston. Traveled to Menil Collection, Houston, September 27, 1991–January 5, 1992; Museum of Contemporary Art Chicago, February 8–April 19, 1992; San Francisco Museum of Modern Art, May 14–August 16, 1992; Guggenheim Museum SoHo, New York, October 24, 1992–January 24, 1993. 

Solomon R. Guggenheim Museum, New York, Robert Rauschenberg: A Retrospective, September 19, 1997–January 7, 1998 (also Guggenheim Museum SoHo, New York, September 19, 1997–January 4, 1998, and Ace Gallery, New York, September 19–November 9, 1997). Traveled to Menil Collection, Contemporary Arts Museum Houston, and Museum of Fine Arts, Houston, February 13–May 17, 1998; Museum Ludwig, Cologne (as Robert Rauschenberg: Retrospektive), June 27–October 11, 1998; Museo Guggenheim Bilbao (as Robert Rauschenberg: Retrospectiva), November 21, 1998–March 7, 1999. no. 6

Menil Collection, Houston, Chance Encounters: The Formation of the de Menils’ African Collection, May 26–September 10, 2006. 

Menil Collection, Houston, Byzantine Things in the World, May 3–August 18, 2013. (not in cat.)

Menil Collection, Houston, The Curatorial Imagination of Walter Hopps, March 24–August 13, 2023. 

Cole, Mary. “Fifty-Seventh Street in Review: Bob Rauschenberg.” Art Digest 25, no. 17 (June 1, 1951). p. 18

Robert Rauschenberg. Washington, D.C.: National Collection of Fine Arts, Smithsonian Institution, 1976. Exhibition catalogue. p. 31 (not exhibited)

Twelve Americans: Masters of Collage. New York: Andrew Crispo Gallery, 1977. Exhibition catalogue. no. 136, n.p. (ill. [rotated])

Sandler, Irving. “Rauschenberg and Johns.” In The New York School: The Painters and Sculptors of the Fifties, by Irving Sandler, pp. 174–95. New York: Harper & Row, 1978. pp. 174, 175 (no. 126 [rotated])

Rosenzweig, Phyllis. The Fifties: Aspects of Painting in New York. Washington, D.C.: Hirshhorn Museum and Sculpture Garden; Smithsonian Institution Press, 1980. Exhibition catalogue. no. 15, p. 60 (ill. [rotated]) (not exhibited)

Sokol, David M. Solitude: Inner Visions in American Art. Evanston, Ill.: Terra Museum of American Art, 1982. Exhibition catalogue. p. 36 (no. 60 [rotated])

Feinstein, Roni. “The Unknown Early Robert Rauschenberg: The Betty Parsons Exhibition of 1951.” Arts Magazine (New York) 59, no. 5 (January 1985). pp. 126 (fig. 2 [rotated]), 126–27, 129, 131

The Menil Collection: A Selection from the Paleolithic to the Modern Era. New York: Harry N. Abrams, 1987. p. 272 (pl. 208) (not exhibited)

Feinstein, Roni. “Random Order: The First Fifteen Years of Robert Rauschenberg’s Art, 1949–1964.” PhD diss., New York University, 1990. ProQuest (303859753). pp. 59–61, 70, 82–83, 97, 126, 249, 441, 488, n.p. (fig. 6)

Hopps, Walter. Robert Rauschenberg: The Early 1950s. Houston: Menil Collection; Houston Fine Art Press, 1991. Exhibition catalogue. pp. 6, 28–29, 44, 50, 51 (pl. 15)

Lewis, Jo Ann. “Rauschenberg, Bright and Early.” Washington Post, June 15, 1991. sec. C, p. 8

Smith, Mark L. “Image and Word in the Prints of Robert Rauschenberg, 1951–1981.” PhD diss., University of Texas at Austin, 1992. ProQuest (304034847). pp. 275–76, 468 (fig. 115)

Wiegenstein, Roland H. “Ein Porträt des Künstlers als junger Mann.” Frankfurter Rundschau (Frankfurt, Germany), July 18, 1992. 

Wainwright, Lisa. “Reading Junk: Thematic Imagery in the Art of Robert Rauschenberg from 1952 to 1964.” PhD diss., University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, 1993. ProQuest (304050074). pp. ix, 62–64, 71

Hopps, Walter, and Susan Davidson. Robert Rauschenberg: A Retrospective. New York: Solomon R. Guggenheim Foundation, 1997. Exhibition catalogue. no. 6, pp. 44, 50 (pl. 6)

Hunter, Sam. Robert Rauschenberg. New York: Rizzoli, 1999. pp. 11 (no. 2), 34, 39, 57

Joseph, Branden W. “White on White.” Critical Inquiry 27, no. 1 (Autumn 2000). pp. 90–91, 93 (fig. 2)

Joseph, Branden W. Random Order: Robert Rauschenberg and the Neo-Avant-Garde. Cambridge, Mass.: MIT Press, 2003. p. 26

Hunter, Sam. Robert Rauschenberg: Works, Writings and Interviews. Barcelona: Polígrafa, 2006. pp. 12 (ill.), 33, 51

Richards, Elizabeth. “Rauschenberg’s Religion: Autobiography and Spiritual Reference in Rauschenberg’s Use of Textiles.” Southeastern College Art Conference Review 16, no. 1 (2011). p. 43

Delfiner, Judith. Double-Barrelled Gun: Dada aux États-Unis (1947–1957). Dijon: Les Presses du Réel, 2011. pp. 143, 144 (fig. 11)

Craft, Catherine. Robert Rauschenberg. London: Phaidon, 2013. pp. 10, 16 (no. 10)

Davidson, Susan. “Mother of God.” Rauschenberg Research Project, San Francisco Museum of Modern Art, July 2013. 

Roberts, Sarah. “White Painting [three panel].” Rauschenberg Research Project, San Francisco Museum of Modern Art, July 2013. 

Kotz, Mary Lynn. Rauschenberg: Art and Life. 3rd ed. New York: Harry N. Abrams, 2018. pp. 70, 74 (ill.)

Stemmrich, Gregor. Robert Rauschenberg’s “Erased de Kooning Drawing” (1953): Modernism, Literalism, Postmodernism. Translated by Steven Lindberg. Berlin: Hatje Cantz, 2023. pp. 113 (fig. 44), 136, 236–37