Betty Parsons Gallery, New York, Paintings by Bob Rauschenberg, May 14–June 2, 1951. (withdrawn early)

60 East 9th Street, New York, 9th St. Exhibition of Paintings and Sculpture, May 21–June 10, 1951. 

Thibaut Gallery, New York, According to the Letter, January 15–February 9, 1963. 

Jewish Museum, New York, Robert Rauschenberg, March 31–May 12, 1963. no. 1

Whitechapel Gallery, London, Robert Rauschenberg: Paintings, Drawings and Combines 1949–1964, February 4–March 8, 1964. 

Stedelijk Museum, Amsterdam, Robert Rauschenberg, February 23–April 7, 1968. Traveled to Kölnischer Kunstverein, Cologne (as Robert Rauschenberg: Werke 1949 bis 1968), April 19–May 26, 1968; Musée d’Art Moderne de la Ville de Paris (as Robert Rauschenberg: Œuvres de 1949 à 1968), October 10–November 10, 1968. no. 1

Fort Worth Art Center Museum, Texas, Robert Rauschenberg: Selections, January 5–February 2, 1969. no. 1

National Collection of Fine Arts, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, D.C., Robert Rauschenberg, October 30, 1976–January 2, 1977. Traveled to Museum of Modern Art, New York, March 25–May 17, 1977; San Francisco Museum of Modern Art, June 24–August 21, 1977; Albright-Knox Art Gallery, Buffalo, N.Y., September 25–October 30, 1977; Art Institute of Chicago, December 3, 1977–January 15, 1978. no. 2 (shown in Washington and New York only)

Staatliche Kunsthalle Berlin, Robert Rauschenberg: Werke 1950–1980, March 25–May 4, 1980. Traveled to Städtische Kunsthalle Düsseldorf and Kunstverein für die Rheinlande und Westfalen, Düsseldorf (as Robert Rauschenberg), June 7–July 13, 1980; Louisiana Museum of Modern Art, Humlebæk, Denmark (as Robert Rauschenberg), September 20–November 23, 1980; Städelsches Kunstinstitut und Städtische Galerie, Frankfurt, December 4, 1980–January 18, 1981; Städtische Galerie im Lenbachhaus, Munich, February 4–April 5, 1981; Tate Gallery, London (as Robert Rauschenberg), April 29–June 14, 1981. (not in cat.; shown in London only)

Larry Gagosian Gallery, New York, Rauschenberg: The White and Black Paintings 1949–1952, April 18–May 31, 1986. 

Corcoran Gallery of Art, Washington, D.C., Robert Rauschenberg: The Early 1950s, June 15–August 11, 1991. Organized by Menil Collection, Houston. Traveled to Menil Collection, Houston, September 27, 1991–January 5, 1992; Museum of Contemporary Art Chicago, February 8–April 19, 1992; San Francisco Museum of Modern Art, May 14–August 16, 1992; Guggenheim Museum SoHo, New York, October 24, 1992–January 24, 1993. (shown in New York only)

Solomon R. Guggenheim Museum, New York, Robert Rauschenberg: A Retrospective, September 19, 1997–January 7, 1998 (also Guggenheim Museum SoHo, New York, September 19, 1997–January 4, 1998, and Ace Gallery, New York, September 19–November 9, 1997). Traveled to Menil Collection, Contemporary Arts Museum Houston, and Museum of Fine Arts, Houston, February 13–May 17, 1998; Museum Ludwig, Cologne (as Robert Rauschenberg: Retrospektive), June 27–October 11, 1998; Museo Guggenheim Bilbao (as Robert Rauschenberg: Retrospectiva), November 21, 1998–March 7, 1999. no. 5 (shown in New York only)

Tate Modern, London, Robert Rauschenberg, December 1, 2016–April 2, 2017. Organized with Museum of Modern Art, New York. Traveled to Museum of Modern Art, New York (as Robert Rauschenberg: Among Friends), May 21–September 17, 2017; San Francisco Museum of Modern Art (as Robert Rauschenberg: Erasing the Rules), November 18, 2017–March 25, 2018. 

Solomon, Alan R. Robert Rauschenberg. New York: Jewish Museum, 1963. Exhibition catalogue. no. 1, n.p. as White Painting (with numbers), n.p. (ill.) as White Painting

Judd, Donald. "In the Galleries: According to the Letter." Arts Magazine (New York) 37, no. 6 (March 1963). p. 65

Fried, Michael. “New York Letter.” Art International (Lugano, Switzerland) 7, no. 3 (March 1963). p. 52, as ASL, NY

Johnston, Jill. “Reviews and Previews: Robert Rauschenberg.” Artnews 62, no. 3 (May 1963). p. 11, as White Painting

Robert Rauschenberg: Paintings, Drawings and Combines 1949–1964. London: Whitechapel Gallery, 1964. Exhibition catalogue. n.p. (no. 1), as White Painting with Numbers

Tomkins, Calvin. “Profiles: Moving Out.” New Yorker 40, no. 2 (February 29, 1964). p. 54

Robert Rauschenberg. Amsterdam: Stedelijk Museum, 1968. Exhibition catalogue. no. 1, pp. 17 (ill.), 59–60, 63–64, 67, as White Painting with Numbers

Robert Rauschenberg: Selections. Fort Worth, Texas: Fort Worth Art Center Museum, 1968. Exhibition catalogue. no. 1, n.p. (ill.), as White Painting (Numbers)

Robert Rauschenberg: œuvres de 1949 à 1968. Paris: Musée d’Art Moderne de la Ville de Paris, 1968. Exhibition brochure. no. 1, n.p., as White Painting with Numbers

Forge, Andrew. Rauschenberg. New York: Harry N. Abrams, [1969]. pp. 33, 35, 172 (ill.), as White Painting with Numbers

Tōno, Yoshiaki. “Robert Rauschenberg: His Autobiography with Annotations.” Bijutsu Techo (Tokyo) 22, no. 326 (April 1970). p. 87 (ill.), as White Painting with Numbers

Forge, Andrew. Rauschenberg. New York: Harry N. Abrams, [1972]. pp. 9–10, n.p. (pl. 1), n.p., as White Painting with Numbers

Steinberg, Leo. “Reflections on the State of Criticism.” Artforum 10, no. 7 (March 1972). pp. 46 (fig. 12), 47, as White Painting with Numbers

Robert Rauschenberg. Washington, D.C.: National Collection of Fine Arts, Smithsonian Institution, 1976. Exhibition catalogue. no. 2, pp. 31, 64, 64 (ill.)

Sandler, Irving. “Rauschenberg and Johns.” In The New York School: The Painters and Sculptors of the Fifties, by Irving Sandler, pp. 174–95. New York: Harper & Row, 1978. p. 176 (no. 127)

Tomkins, Calvin. Off the Wall: Robert Rauschenberg and the Art World of Our Time. Garden City, N.Y.: Doubleday, 1980. pp. 52–53, 62, 208, as White Painting with Numbers, p. 299, as 22 The Lily White

Robert Rauschenberg. London: Tate Gallery, 1981. Exhibition brochure. no. 2, n.p.

Bolmeier, Jane. “Response and Documentation: Aesthetic Inquiry Relevant to Selected Works of Robert Rauschenberg.” PhD diss., New York University, 1984. ProQuest (303303575). pp. 1, 7–8, 45–46, 58, 59 (fig. 7), 60–65, 225, 261, 270–71

Feinstein, Roni. “The Unknown Early Robert Rauschenberg: The Betty Parsons Exhibition of 1951.” Arts Magazine (New York) 59, no. 5 (January 1985). pp. 126–28, 130 (fig. 5), 131

Rauschenberg: The White and Black Paintings 1949–1952. New York: Larry Gagosian Gallery, 1986. Exhibition catalogue. n.p. (fig. 1)

Hindry, Ann, ed. “1950–1957: The Ninth Street Show; Meeting with Rauschenberg.” In Claude Berri rencontre Leo Castelli/Claude Berri Meets Leo Castelli, pp. 25–30 (in French), pp. 85–88 (in English). Paris: Renn, 1990. pp. 28, 29 (ill.), 86

Feinstein, Roni. “Random Order: The First Fifteen Years of Robert Rauschenberg’s Art, 1949–1964.” PhD diss., New York University, 1990. ProQuest (303859753). pp. 57, 64–66, 69–72, 78–79, 82, 89, 215, 488, n.p. (fig. 9)

Hopps, Walter. Robert Rauschenberg: The Early 1950s. Houston: Menil Collection; Houston Fine Art Press, 1991. Exhibition catalogue. pp. 26, 28–29, 31, 33, 44, 48 (pl. 13), 169

Robert Rauschenberg: The 2nd Hiroshima Art Prize. Hiroshima: Hiroshima City Museum of Contemporary Art, 1993. Exhibition catalogue. pp. 36 (fig. 8), 41, as White Painting with Numbers (not exhibited)

Wainwright, Lisa. “Reading Junk: Thematic Imagery in the Art of Robert Rauschenberg from 1952 to 1964.” PhD diss., University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, 1993. ProQuest (304050074). pp. vii, 25, 219

Hopps, Walter, and Susan Davidson. Robert Rauschenberg: A Retrospective. New York: Solomon R. Guggenheim Foundation, 1997. Exhibition catalogue. no. 5, p. 49 (pl. 5)

Feinstein, Roni. “Robert Rauschenberg.” In A Life of Collecting: Victor and Sally Ganz, edited by Michael Fitzgerald, pp. 136–57. New York: Christie’s, 1997. pp. 138–40, 140 (ill.), 141

Bois, Yve-Alain. “Early Lead.” Artforum 36, no. 1 (September 1997). p. 97, 97 (ill.)

Richardson, John. “Rauschenberg’s Epic Vision.” Vanity Fair, no. 445 (September 1997). p. 322

Tomkins, Calvin. “Master of Invention.” New Yorker 73, no. 31 (October 13, 1997). p. 92

Doran, Anne, and Walter Hopps. “Robert Rauschenberg: Here Comes Everybody.” Atlántica: Revista de las artes (Las Palmas, Spain), no. 21 (1998). p. 153

Hunter, Sam. Robert Rauschenberg. New York: Rizzoli, 1999. pp. 11 (no. 3), 34, 60

Steinberg, Leo. Encounters with Rauschenberg (A Lavishly Illustrated Lecture). Houston: Menil Collection; Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2000. p. 36, as White Painting with Numbers, p. 37 (fig. 26), as 22 the Lily White

Joseph, Branden W., ed. Robert Rauschenberg. Cambridge, Mass.: MIT Press, 2002. p. 6 (ill.), as 22 The Lily White, pp. 28–29, as White Painting with Numbers

Schimmel, Paul. Robert Rauschenberg: Combines. Los Angeles: Museum of Contemporary Art, 2005. Exhibition catalogue. pp. 249, 270, 270 (ill.) (not exhibited)

Tomkins, Calvin. Off the Wall: A Portrait of Robert Rauschenberg. New York: Picador, 2005. pp. 47, 56–57, 189, as White Painting with Numbers, p. 273, as 22 The Lily White

Hunter, Sam. Robert Rauschenberg: Works, Writings and Interviews. Barcelona: Polígrafa, 2006. pp. 13 (ill.), 33, 51

Pissarro, Joachim. Cézanne/Pissarro, Johns/Rauschenberg: Comparative Studies on Intersubjectivity in Modern Art. New York: Cambridge University Press, 2006. pp. 20, 21 (fig. 5), 111, 123–24

Robinson, Julia. “From Abstraction to Model: In the Event of George Brecht and the Conceptual Turn in the Art of the 1960s.” PhD diss., Princeton University, N.J., 2008. pp. 50–52, 358 (fig. 9)

Craft, Catherine. Robert Rauschenberg. London: Phaidon, 2013. p. 14 (no. 8)

Davidson, Susan. “Mother of God.” Rauschenberg Research Project, San Francisco Museum of Modern Art, July 2013. 

Krčma, Ed. Robert Rauschenberg. London: Tate Publishing, 2016. p. 30 (fig. 22)

Dickerman, Leah, and Achim Borchardt-Hume. Robert Rauschenberg. New York: Museum of Modern Art; London: Tate Publishing, 2016. Exhibition catalogue. pp. 45 (pl. 6), 396

Lobel, Michael. “Lost and Found.” Artforum 54 no. 6 (February 2016). pp. 195 (ill.), 195–96

Kotz, Mary Lynn. Rauschenberg: Art and Life. 3rd ed. New York: Harry N. Abrams, 2018. pp. 70–71, 71 (ill.)

Stemmrich, Gregor. Robert Rauschenberg’s “Erased de Kooning Drawing” (1953): Modernism, Literalism, Postmodernism. Translated by Steven Lindberg. Berlin: Hatje Cantz, 2023. pp. 95 (fig. 14), 138–39

Dziewior, Yilmaz, and Achim Hochdörfer, with Arthur Fink, eds. Five Friends: John Cage, Merce Cunningham, Jasper Johns, Robert Rauschenberg, Cy Twombly. Munich: Museum Brandhorst; Cologne: Museum Ludwig, 2025. Exhibition catalogue. pp. 33, 34 (fig. 1), 86 (not exhibited)